Like her husband, the Zhao family is also open.
She painted Zhu Mopu, sealed Mrs. Wei, ran a large family, and gave birth to nine children, all of whom were filial and talented (except for the death of the eldest son and the youngest daughter). After her death, Zhao Mengfu wrote in her epitaph: "... I have been with you for thirty years, and now I am alone. I really don't know what's the point of living ... "
This life! Is the winner among winners.
But Guan Daosheng rarely appears alone, rarely. Before the age of 28, the record about her was almost blank. After the age of 28, her name was associated with Zhao Mengfu.
She married the dazzling Zhao Mengfu. Is it illuminated by this light or obscured by this light?
1
Guan Dao was not recorded twenty-eight years before his death.
But we can still have a general idea, especially if we have a look. Is it because this 28-year-old girl who has never been married under the pressure of the world is amazing? Or is it because her parents are very good?
According to Zhao Mengfu's Twenty-six Years Belongs to Me (Twenty-six Years to Yuan Dynasty, A.D. 1289), Guan Dao was born in the Southern Song Dynasty in Ding Jing for three years (A.D. 1262).
It is said that she was born in Deqing, Xing Wu, and she was born in Qingpu.
Her father, who is said to be a descendant of Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period, was honored as "Guan Gong" by the villagers. Guan Kun, "Guan Gong", is a village famous for Ren Xia.
Guan Gong has no children, but only two daughters at home. The eldest brother is called Gao, the second is called Zhong Ji, also known as Yao Ji, and he is born smart. Zhao Mengfu said that Guan Yu "particularly likes" Zhong You. I guess "Guan Gong" raised his little daughter as a role from an early age.
Ding Jing and Xichun in Guan Daosheng's childhood were the last years of Southern Song Dynasty when Jia Sidao was in charge.
The confrontation between the imperial court and Mongolia gradually exhausted. At that time, although Jiang Wanli, Liu Chenweng, Wen Tianxiang, etc. entered the DPRK as officials in succession and tried to turn the tide, the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty was irreversible.
When the Southern Song Dynasty perished, Guan Daosheng was in his prime.
In such troubled times, no parent will rashly give her daughter to anyone because she has reached school age-not to mention Jackie Chan's father, who wants to marry her wrong, which is much worse than not marrying.
But not getting married doesn't mean you don't care.
Zhao Mengfu was in Xing Wu at that time.
After the death of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu, who was in her twenties, lived in Xing Wu's home.
But doing nothing is different from playing all day.
He worshiped the old Confucianism, Ao Jigong, as a teacher, and interacted with Xing Wu scholars such as Qian Xuanxue. In this area of Xing Wu, there is a small circle of famous literati, among whom Zhao Mengfu is the most famous.
In Xing Wu, Guan Fu couldn't help noticing this "carefree" young man, who has both talent and looks.
In the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1282), the Yuan court extended an olive branch to Zhao Mengfu, but Zhao Mengfu refused.
In the 20th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1283), Zhao Mengfu once again refused to be an official in the Yuan Dynasty.
But in the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), I don't know why, but Zhao Mengfu agreed.
It is said that in this year, due to accidental reasons, Zhao Mengfu met his father, and two men with the same charming temperament hit it off. Three years later, 28-year-old Guan Daosheng and 36-year-old Zhao Mengfu got married. They got married in Xing Wu and went to Dadu together.
"Lady is born smart, and very strange, will want to find a good husband. Give it to the public and do it in the same place. The public is surprised and thinks it will be expensive, so my wife belongs to me. "
-Zhao Mengfu's Epitaph of Mrs. Wei Guan's Family.
Guan Gong has a good eye.
The couple, a good wife and a good mother, began to hang up together.
In particular, his Zhong Ji, who married a woman, did not draw an end to her life, but began to write a series of exclamation points.
His Zhong Ji is really different from ordinary women.
2
Zhao Mengfu said that Guan Daosheng was a genius. "He can write poetry without learning poetry, and he can draw without learning painting, which is natural." .
Guan Daosheng's painting style is not much, but it is not only one or two. It is said that there are misty rain with bamboo, bamboo stone, plum bamboo, bamboo beauty, ink bamboo, bamboo roll, embroidered Buddha on the mountain floor, Changming Temple and so on. But most of them are difficult to identify, and the most credible ones are probably a few.
This ink painting has the title "Zhong You Painting and Shu Qiong" at the lower right, which is said to be the earliest title in the works of ancient female painters handed down in China. It is combined with Zhao Mengfu's ink painting, which is called "Zhao's Three Bamboo".
Looking closely at this painting, every bamboo leaf has a hidden front, which is quite powerful and overlapping. Interestingly, Xu Bangda said that the healthy pulling of this bamboo may be half of Zhao Mengfu's contribution-it seems that one person draws branches and leaves first, and then another person draws thick and healthy parts. ...
Xu Bangda's suspicion is quite reasonable.
But not all the bamboos in Guan Daosheng are ghostwritten by Zhao Mengfu. She is very good at painting bamboo, especially at painting new bamboo spring. It is said that Gu Ying, the owner of Yushan Ji Ya, has collected more than a dozen of her bamboo paintings, which makes her feel good. She also compiled a set of bamboo painting course "Mozi Bamboo Spectrum", which was also named after the history of painting.
Her calligraphy is also famous.
It is said that Yuan Renzong once framed a volume of Guan Daosheng's book "Thousand-Character Works" with the calligraphy of Zhao Mengfu and Zhao Yong, sealed it with a decree, and treasured it in the minister's prison, and said happily:
"Look! I have a husband, a wife and a son who is good at reading. How mighty my Yuan Dynasty was! "
Let future generations know that there was not only a woman who was good at books in the Yuan Dynasty, but also a woman who was good at books. This is a miracle on earth!
People are also quite optimistic about Guan Furen's words:
Guan Furen wrote a book, and everyone rushed to buy every inch of paper, and later learned to be a model.
About Guan Daosheng's words ... It's a bit awkward here. ...
Guan Daosheng's most famous calligraphy post is naturally Autumn Deep Post, as well as other posts collected by Princeton University, the post of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the farewell post of Zhong Feng and a monk, and a poem with colorful pictures.
However, 99% of Qiu Shen's posts were written by Zhao Mengfu, so I'm afraid it's similar to Qiu Shen's posts, but it's not good for Ji's posts, and it's also suspected that Jiu Shu's posts are ghostwriting.
Can Guan Daosheng write calligraphy?
Actually, it will.
The title of "Zhong You Painting Shu Qiong" on the lower right of Zhu Mo map is Guan Daosheng's own title.
The title of this book is folded with a pen, and the style of the book is very similar to Farewell to the Peak (also known as Guan Daosheng to the Monk on the Peak).
"Biedingtie" is included in Zhao's calligraphy book (now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei). This book contains twelve letters written by Zhao Mengfu and Guan Daosheng to monks, and there is a postscript written by Zhao Mengfu's brother at the end of the book, which is highly credible.
This may be the only handwriting handed down by Guan Daosheng.
Shen Fu, an art historian who is good at distinguishing, once said that Guan Daosheng's writing style is neat and childish, and his writing style is round and mixed with Fang Bi. The strength of Qiu Shentie is different, but there are also similarities.
Guan Daosheng was not familiar with calligraphy and painting before he married Zhao Mengfu.
She has been with Zhao Mengfu for a long time, and she likes it again. She imitates her husband's calligraphy and painting every day. After a long time, she learned from the teacher.
It is often mentioned in their inscriptions.
Zhao Mengfu once said: Tao Sheng loves pen and ink, and usually imitates my ruler.
"Shen Tao likes pens and ink. Every time I see a small scroll more than a foot, I deliberately imitate it. I put pen to paper and it is beautiful. "
Guan Daosheng himself said, "My Song Xue writes ink bamboo. I have read it for a long time and can understand it. " .
"Manipulating pen and ink, so I'm not a female worker, but my nature is good, so I can't help it. I haven't seen you for a long time. I secretly looked at my pine snow and perfected this ink bamboo. "
-Guan Daosheng's Postscript of Guan Zhong's Bamboo Roll
She also said that she had never studied calligraphy and painting with a teacher, but she had been with her husband for more than ten years, often watching and writing, and she got it a little bit.
"Ink bamboo, the gentleman's love. Although I am a woman, I am very eager to learn. Without a teacher, it is difficult to be poor and samadhi. Wait for me for more than ten years, and look at my writing, there must be one or two. "
-Guan Daosheng's Self-knowledge of Bamboo Painting
In this way, we can draw the following conclusions (assuming that the above knowledge is credible):
First, Guan Daosheng is good at getting married. What is this fairy husband? ...
Second, Guan Daosheng was very self-taught and crushed most of his disciples. ...
It's not over yet.
Guan Daosheng is also an all-around player in the laity world.
three
In Farewell to the Peak, Guan Daosheng once said: "There are so many things every day that it is difficult to have peace of mind."
"Daosheng's accommodation industry is very heavy, and daily personnel are disturbed and cannot be quiet."
Two years before he married Guan Daosheng, Zhao Mengfu was already a doctor in training at the Ministry of War. After more than ten years, she moved to Duke Wei repeatedly, and Guan Daosheng was also posthumously named Mrs. Wei.
Only 78 people have been named Wei Gong in the past dynasties.
As the first lady of Zhao family, Guan Daosheng is busy with housework every day. This article in Zhao Mengfu's epitaph, she probably did it with all her strength.
This article is summed up as follows:
First, my wife is cheerful.
My wife is beautiful and has a good personality.
Second, moral words can make contributions, and you are unprepared.
Women's virtue, women's words, women's looks and women's merits are all there. A model woman.
Third, the calligraphy chapter can be learned without learning.
Of course, geniuses are like this. ...
Fourth, deal with family affairs, both inside and outside.
In ancient times, the family affairs of large families were comparable to those of large companies. Seeing Associate Professor Ning of Wang Xifeng is probably understandable. These things include managing domestic servants, collecting and leasing land, interpersonal relationships, educating children, dealing with emergencies at home, and so on ... so Guan Daosheng said that he had never worked so hard in his last life. ...
Five, at the age of sacrifice to ancestors, unless there is a disease, otherwise you must fast Ming Sheng clothing, bow to the strict.
Besides taking care of the living, we should also take care of our ancestors, and properly handle the four seasons and eight festivals according to the rules.
6. If a husband loses to others, he must recover.
If you treat your husband like a relative, if anything happens, you must stand up and help.
Seven, when people have shortcomings, they will be given every week.
Compassion for the poor and the weak. Of course, this is also standard for many first wives. ...
Treat guests and respond to the world, without exception.
Interpersonal relationships are also handled seamlessly.
Of course, you can imagine it as an epitaph written by Zhao Mengfu, which is inevitably exaggerated. However, Guan Daosheng married Zhao Mengfu at the age of 28, and in the following years, Zhao Mengfu did have a smooth sailing (apart from being attacked on both sides, it was also a historical reason). The nine children born to her and Zhao Mengfu are excellent, and the Zhao family has produced seven great painters in three generations (that is not ordinary). Guan Daosheng showed that modesty and grace in Autumn Deep Post. For example, this letter from home:
"On the anniversary of the mountain in September, we will invite ten monks to meet you as our parents' names with three fixed amounts of money, three catties of oil and five meters. Have pity on this man and spend more time with his family. You must repay him. "
Guan Daosheng and Zhao Mengfu have been married for 30 years, and the Zhao family has prospered, and their talents have improved, making them famous. Among them, Tai Ban's credit is probably due to Guan Daosheng.
It is hard to imagine that this housewife, surrounded by complicated family affairs, not only manages the family, but also manages a large number of calligraphy and painting handed down to later generations and Zhu Mo handicrafts. What can we ordinary people say when we are dumbfounded except to call her a fairy?
Maybe someone wants to whisper that Guan Daosheng is so powerful because she married Zhao Mengfu, but later generations called her Guan Furen, not Mrs. Zhao.
If a woman in the world marries a handsome, talented, affectionate and promising husband, there is a great probability that she will unconsciously give up herself and become a husband.
It is really rare for Guan Daosheng to entangle with her husband like this.
What kind of fairy family is this?
four
We know that Zhao Mengfu is a fairy.
When Zhao Mengfu went to Dadu, Kublai Khan saw him at first sight: "Immortal!" Drill a hole and look again: "Still a fairy!"
The lady a fairy marries is also a fairy.
They are an immortal family.
And it is a very good fairy family.
Zhao Mengfu likes to boast about how talented my wife is, and Guan Daosheng always mentions her husband in his inscription: "I relax my snow" and "I relax my snow"-I feel beautiful without much thought.
They often mention each other in their letters to relatives and friends. Zhao Mengfu said that the most commonly used wives are clumsy wives and old ladies. And Guan Furen's letter to his aunt and Zhongfeng division will also mention the officer person and lover. This must be the habit of two people at ordinary times, so that when Zhao Mengfu substituted the role of wife, he also chose the "official" conveniently.
Zhao Mengfu understands the restless pain caused by his wife's busy day after day, and will write a book in Ghost. Autumn deep posts, long posts and long posts are probably the same. Guan Daosheng also understands that it is difficult for her husband to be an official, and will be very helpful when Zhao Mengfu is under great pressure: You have one thousand catties, and my wife will share five hundred catties with you. Sir, if you want to wander the rivers and lakes, I am willing to walk with you as a wife.
This is their harmony word in the fisherman's picture:
"Smoke like a boat, the west wind falls all over the world. Alliance gull heron, proud prince, doesn't even bite the bass! Farmers fish in Zhenze, southeast China. The mountains are like green, the wine is like oil, and the mountains are comfortable. "
-Zhao Mengfu
"Imagine that the number of trees in the mountain hall is plum, and cold ling sends the south branch. The moon shines on the mountain, and the evening wind blows, only for fragrance and bitterness. Looking south at Wu Xinglu 4,000, when will we go to Xueshui? Fame and fortune, pay the daily salary, put the fishing rod on the boat with a smile.
Being in Yanshan Mountain, near the palace, I miss Soochow day and night. It is better to be idle than to pour wine to make new fish. Being a prince is expensive, and being rich and famous is not free. Struggle, like a boat, make love to the moon and go home to rest. "
-Guan Daosheng
The mutual fulfillment of the immortal couple is various, just like you and me in Map of Zhu Mo and Autumn Deep Post.
This kind of legend, in which you have me and I have you, was interpreted by later generations as my agricultural song.
It is said that Zhao Mengfu wanted to take a concubine and wrote a letter to Guan Daosheng:
"My bachelor's degree, madam .. don't you see: Tao has peach leaves and roots, and Su has morning glow and dusk clouds. I will marry more Wu Ji and Yue Nv, but not too many. You are over forty years old, just take care of Yutangchun. "
Guan Daosheng's backhand blow is the famous "My Nongqu":
"You nong nong, te evil spirit, feeling hot as fire. Put a piece of mud, pinch you, mold me, break us together, mix with water, pinch you again, mold me, there is you in the mud and me in the mud. I was born with you and died with you. "
But "I'll get it" (or "my words" or "you get it and I get it") is an ambiguous thing.
During Chenghua, Hongzhi and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Sonanzhi, Niniman and Hanger2, who were the same as our agricultural songs, were very popular.
Chen Kaixian, an Amin writer, said in Laughter and Noisy that it was written by Zhao Mengfu and Guan Furen. This is probably the earliest mention of My Nongqu and Guan Zhao.
Later, Amin Jiang Yikui wrote seventy volumes of Collection Outside Yaoshan Hall, which recorded the story that Guan Daosheng rejected Zhao Mengfu's idea of concubinage with my agricultural songs. There were the words "My bachelor's wife" by Zhao Mengfu and "I have farmers" by Guan Daosheng, which were no different from the stories circulating today.
Later, Feng Menglong compiled a collection of folk songs "Hanging Branches" and recorded a tune "Mud Fighter" in his Happy Department:
"Clay figurine. Like the two of us. Screw you and model me. Watch it twice. Rub him. Do it again. Give you another twist. Rebuild me. I have you by my side. You have me. "
-Feng Menglong's Happy Clay Fighter Hanging Branches
Feng Menglong said under "Mud Fighter" that it was originally a song written by Zhao Mengfu to Guan Daosheng, which was slightly changed.
It's hard to say whether "Wandering" was written by Zhao Mengfu to Guan Daosheng, or by Guan Daosheng to Zhao Mengfu, or together.
The only thing that is beyond doubt is that "you have me and I have you".
five
After five years' delay, Guan Daosheng's beriberi recurred, and Zhao Mengfu repeatedly requested it. In April of the following year, he was sent back to the south.
They can finally buy a boat and go to the rivers and lakes as they had hoped before. Unfortunately, on May 10, when passing through Linqing, Shandong Province, Guan Dao was on board.
This year, Zhao Mengfu was sixty-six years old and Guan Daosheng was fifty-eight.
After a long journey of 3,000 miles in the hot summer, Zhao Mengfu helped the coffin to return to the south, and once felt that life was worse than death.
"Meng Zhen's purpose is to return to the south and find out how his sick wife died. It is worse to be sad than lifeless! In the hot summer, three thousand miles away, the coffin returns and death is imminent. "
Nearly three months later, on August 5th, Zhao Mengfu wrote "Ode to Luoshen" in small letters.
Luo Shen Fu, also known as Ganzhen Fu, expresses Cao Zhi's pain and yearning for the relationship between man and god.
"Its shape also, if by surprise, if Wan Youlong, Rongyao Qiuju, Song Chun, Hua Mao. It seems that if the moon is covered by light clouds, it will float like the wind flowing back to snow. "
When Zhao Mengfu was writing "Luo Shen Fu", was he thinking about the immortal Guan Daosheng?
Under the beautiful ink, hidden is a broken heart that can't be put down.
"Since my wife died, mourning is painful, just like in a drunken dream, when hallucinations are not separated, they should be justified. ……
Guy has been helped by his ex-wife for 30 years. Once he cries, he will lose his right hand and left hand! How can I say sad? ……
Thirty years of history is like a dream. ...
Gaimengfu and his wife don't know what happened in their last life, so they have been married for 30 years. I don't know how different karma is, so let's abandon it first. Let Meng Wei have nowhere to live. Today will be a year and a half, and the pain is uncertain ... "
Three years later, Zhao Mengfu also died. The two were buried together at the southern foot of Dongheng Mountain in Deqing County, Huzhou.
At this time, Guan Daosheng's legendary life really ended-she and Zhao Mengfu walked hand in hand in this world, illuminating each other and achieving each other.