The main task of the Academy is to depict the portraits and lives of emperors and nobles. Where there are major events, there are experts from the Academy to describe and record them. Therefore, it encourages and promotes the improvement of artists' art.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Xuanhe Painting Academy Dynasty: the essence of the first year of Yongxi: the essence of Song official's signature: Introduction of Hanlin Painting Academy in Song Xuanhe period, people, introduction As early as the Five Dynasties, Xishu (89 1-965) and Nantang (937-975) began to set up an institution specializing in painting-Painting Academy. The painting academy is directly managed by the state, and its painters enjoy the treatment of "Hanlin", "Zhao Shi" and other similar civil servants, and receive the "salary" issued by the state in official clothes. Only in this way can the country gather the best painters in the country. For example, Huang Quan and Huang Jucai of Xishu Painting Academy made great achievements in flower-and-bird painting, while Cao, Zhou Wenju and Gu of Southern Tang Painting Academy made great achievements in figures, which had a great influence on later generations. In 960 AD, after the Song Dynasty unified China, it continued to establish and expand the Painting Academy, and established the Hanlin Painting Academy. It turns out that the masters of the Five Dynasties Painting Academy all worked in the Song Painting Academy. Song Dynasty Painting Academy became the center of national painting creation. In order to choose murals for the newly-built Jade Qing Zhao Ying Palace, the director of the Academy recruited more than 3,000 painters from all over the country. After review, Wu Zongyuan and Wang Zhuo were selected 100. Wu Zongyuan is the author of Yuan Chao Immortal's Staff. At that time, people thought he could be compared with Wu Daozi. Zhang Zeduan, the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, is a painter of Stone Painting Academy. The most active period of the Royal Academy of Painting was from Song Huizong to Gaozong and Xiaozong (11-1189). The painting academy is becoming more and more complete, and the examination of the painting academy is formally included in the imperial examination to attract painters from all over the world. According to the subjects, the examination is divided into six subjects: Buddhism and Taoism, figures, mountains and rivers, birds and animals, flowers and trees, and houses and trees. Take ancient poetry as the topic to see who is ingenious, surprising and more creative. For example, in the exam of "No one crosses the wild water and crosses the sun alone", the winner does not fall into the stereotype of stopping a crane on the boat, but draws a person sleeping at the stern with a flute placed horizontally, waiting for the ferryman all day long, which is annoying. The title of "Hidden Ancient Temple in the Deep Mountain" is based on the word "Hidden". It is enough to draw a young monk carrying water by the stream, not a corner of the ancient temple. The prosperity of the People's Song Dynasty Painting Academy was closely related to Song Huizong Evonne (1082- 1 135). Evonne is not only an advocate and supporter of the Academy of Painting, but also an accomplished painter and a high-level connoisseur. He asked the painter to learn from nature and grasp the "modality" of the object, which conforms to physics and does not rely on predecessors. On one occasion, Evonne asked the painter of the Painting Academy to draw the barrier of peacock rising pier, but he was not satisfied with it several times. Asked why, he said that proud as a peacock had to lift his left foot first, but the painter painted it as lifting his right foot. Evonne not only attaches importance to sketching, but also attaches importance to the laws of objects. He once painted cranes in twenty different postures. When he painted birds, he used raw lacquer as the finishing touch, and black beans protruded like grains on the paper silk, making his eyes shine and very vivid. He has made great achievements in figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, among which flower-and-bird painting is the most prominent. Other signed works include La Juice Bird, Furong Golden Rooster, Ruihe and Wen Hui. Because of his special status and identity, it is inevitable that there will be a royal painter instead of an author. He also created a unique and vigorous calligraphy. He also played an active role in sorting out and preserving the ancient art heritage. He directed the compilation of Xuanhe Ruilan Collection *** 100, divided into 14 doors, with a total of 1500 works. Xuan He Hua Pu has 20 volumes and 6396 works. Evonne was a fatuous and incompetent emperor politically, and he was the king of national subjugation. However, he made great contributions to the construction and development of the Song Dynasty Painting Academy, the promotion and creation of painting and calligraphy, and the collation and preservation of ancient art. The historical pen of Emperor Evonne, who loves painters instead of mountains and rivers, bears a grudge against Danqing Yongji. The famous monarch who lost his country in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, he loved calligraphy and painting since childhood and explored and practiced all his life, but he became an irreplaceable outstanding figure in the history of calligraphy in China. Evonne is good at meticulous flower-and-bird painting with realistic and meticulous style. Under his advocacy, meticulous flower-and-bird painting in Song Dynasty reached the peak of art.. He went in and out of Huang Tingjian's calligraphy and created a kind of "thin gold body", which was passed down from generation to generation. He founded the National Painting Academy, which was the first of its kind in public painting academies. He presided over the compilation of Xuan He Shu Pu. Therefore, many important artistic materials have been preserved. The selection of painters by Hanlin Painting Academy in Song Dynasty is the most romantic. According to the book "Painting with" written by Deng Chun in the Song Dynasty, painters of Xuanhe in the Song Dynasty (during Zhao Ji's reign in Song Huizong) had to pass an examination before they could become members of the Hanlin Painting Academy. The method of the exam is also very special, that is, the court examiner finds a ready-made poem among ancient poems as the topic of the exam, and the painters who take the exam should give full play to their imagination and turn the written poem into a visual picture. "Painting with" said: "The questions we tried, such as' No one is crossing the wild water, and the boat is exhausted in the lonely day ..." The flower and bird creation in the palace painting academy also began to get rid of the shackles of the corpus luteum. Cui Bai and Cui Yan, two folk brothers, are mostly interested in water and sand as flowers and birds. Their painting style is light and clear, extravagant and eager to fly. Although it belongs to the category of meticulous painting, it has obviously tilted towards extensive and light style, pursuing "loneliness" and "wild interest", and ushered in the all-round prosperity of flower and bird creation in the hospital. Song Huizong Evonne spared no effort in the construction of the Academy, especially in advocating flower-and-bird painting. To sum up its requirements for painting art, it can be roughly summarized into two points: one is to pay attention to the pursuit of objective authenticity from sketching, and the other is to pursue meaning through proposition examination. Under its influence, the flower-and-bird painting in the academy at that time showed vivid images and vivid artistic conception. Compared with the second yellow, it has made great progress. There are two styles of painting, one is heavy color painting, which originated from corpus luteum, and the other is light ink painting, which originated from Xu Xi. There are two styles: one is meticulous brushwork, which is the same as the courtyard, but changes color into ink, and the other is rough brushwork, which is linked with dyeing, dots and overlapping, but still insists on the authenticity of the image. The flower-and-bird paintings in the Southern Song Dynasty Palace Painting Academy were directly or indirectly influenced by Evonne. Many famous painters, such as Li Anzhong and Li Di, were painters in Xuanhe Painting Academy. In addition, such as Lin Chun and Wu Bing. , are all masters. In terms of specific painting methods, although the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy is in the same strain as Xuanhe Painting Academy, Xuanhe Painting Academy mostly created large-scale paintings, as Li Di did in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, while the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy mostly created small-scale paintings with a bucket style and a round fan style. So as far as the artistic conception of the wind is concerned, the former has magnificent scenery and the latter has fresh wrists. In addition to meticulous painting, the Zen forest at that time also turned the flower-and-bird painting circle into an epiphany. The painting method is freehand brushwork in ink and wash, which is extremely bold and unrestrained, without deformation at all, and its artistic conception is beyond Xu Xi's splash-ink method. Liang Jie, who first entered the painting academy and then entered the Zen forest, mostly focused on the distant view, and Muxi wrote more close-ups; Kai Liang is good at using pen, and his personality is rigid, while Muxi is good at using ink, and his personality tends to be slightly softer. This Zen painting style was later spread to Japan, which had a far-reaching impact on Japanese painting circles.