Early experience
1On April 23, 977, Liao was born in San Francisco, California, USA, to a family of Chinese workers living in the United States. 1893, after his father Liao Zhubin died in San Francisco, he returned to Guangzhou, China with his mother and went to Liao Zhigang, uncle of China Merchants Bureau of Qing government. After the Sino-Japanese War, I fell in love with western learning. 1996 studied in Imperial College London, London. 1897, under the arrangement of his uncle, he married nine daughters of He Dai, a Hong Kong real estate developer who is also a leftist of the Kuomintang, in Guangzhou.
The story of lovers
In Longxi New Street, Tongfu West Road, Guangzhou, there is a two-story building with blue brick feet facing south. It is the former residence of revolutionaries Liao and He Xiangning and the location of Shuangqing Building.
From 65438 to 0897, Liao and He Xiangning lived in Liao Mansion, a two-story brick-wood building, with their brother Liao Entao's family after their marriage. The couple built a cabin on the terrace of the second floor roof as their residence.
In the humble new house, the couple who had never met each other gradually became familiar and fell in love.
From 65438 to 0898, after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, many young people went abroad to study, hoping to change the dangerous situation at home after returning home. The atmosphere of studying abroad is in full swing. After finishing high school in public schools, Liao also had the desire to study in Japan.
In order to support her husband to realize his dream, despite the resolute opposition of his family and his sister-in-law, Liao, He Xiangning resolutely sold his jewelry, all his soft clothes and furniture, together with his own private money, and collected more than 3,000 gold to help Liao study in Japan.
1903 65438+ 10, Liao bid farewell to He Xiangning and went to Japan first. After that, He Xiangning sold all the sundries, arrived in Tokyo in April of the same year, and began the couple's life of studying in Japan. 1In March, 904, Liao was admitted to Waseda University to study for the preparatory course in economics. Entering the Department of Political Economy of Central University inspired aspiring young people and sprouted anti-Qing revolutionary thoughts. The two rented an apartment near Waseda University and named it Juelu.
1903 In September, Liao and He Xiangning met in Tokyo. They were deeply moved by Sun Yat-sen's great boldness of vision and firm revolutionary belief, and expressed their willingness to participate in the revolutionary work and to do their bit. According to Sun Yat-sen's instructions, Liao and He Xiangning made friends with Japanese aspiring students and formed a group in charge of state affairs. From then on, the couple followed Sun Yat-sen, embarked on the arduous road of democratic revolution, and established a profound revolutionary friendship with Sun Yat-sen. ..
1905, Liao and He Xiangning helped Sun Yat-sen to establish the China League, and they joined in succession. He Xiangning used to be the deputy treasurer, director and deputy director of the Foreign Affairs Department of the headquarters of the Liao League, and as the first female member of the Liao League, she undertook the liaison and service work of the revolutionary party. The couple's home in Tokyo has also become a contact point and meeting place for Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries.
In the busy academic and revolutionary work, the successive birth of daughter Liao Mengxing and son Liao Chengzhi brought warm family fun to the couple's tense life. During this period, Liao sneaked back to China many times on orders from Sun Yat-sen, conducted secret activities in Tianjin and other places, and engaged in contacting revolutionaries.
And Liao, the revolutionary couple, have devoted their lives to the cause of democratic revolution in China, supporting each other in their career and life and sharing the same interests.
Join the revolution
During the period of 1906, some early socialist theories were translated and published in People's Daily, the official newspaper of the League. He was ordered by Sun Yat-sen to return to China to secretly carry out revolutionary activities. Published and translated People's Daily, Progress and Poverty, etc. The pen names Du Fu and Yuan Shi in The Outline of Socialist History are one of the earliest people in China who introduced and discussed socialist issues. 1907 spring, transferred to the Department of Political Economy of Tokyo Central University. 1909, after graduating from Central University of Japan, I returned to China to take the imperial examination and worked as a translator in Jilin Governor's Office. After Wuchang Uprising, he became the Deputy Minister of Finance of Guangdong Military Government in Guangzhou.
After the Revolution of 1911, he successively served as political commissar of the Guangdong Provincial Governor's Office, finance minister of the Presidential Palace and director of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance. 1965438+In May 2002, he served as the finance director of Guangdong military government, implemented the land tax exchange law, and sorted out fiscal and taxation measures. After the Song case, he went to Beijing to crusade against Yuan.
1965438+After the failure of the second revolution in August 2003, he fled to Japan with Sun Yat-sen. 19 14 assisted sun yat-sen in organizing the China revolutionary party. 19 15 served as deputy minister of finance of China revolutionary party. He continued to raise military expenses for Yuan, took part in the movement to protect the law, and devoted himself to the struggle against Yuan. 1965438+In September 2007, he served as Deputy Minister of Finance and Acting Chief of the Military Government of the Republic of China, fully protecting the law. Praise and support the student movement after the May 4th Movement.
19 18 After arriving in Shanghai with Sun Yat-sen in June, he founded Construction magazine in Shanghai with Hu and others, and published three books, Civil Rights and Liberation War. Articles such as the preface to the translation of "The Politics of the Whole People" publicize and study revolutionary theory. At the same time, I translated the first plan of the industrial plan written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in English. 19 19 10 used to be the chief financial officer of China Kuomintang. Praising the October socialist revolution is an unprecedented move, which shocked the whole world, made the future dawn, and will surely make people out of the dark. Learn Russian with Zhu Zhixin and others, and prepare to study in the Soviet Union. 19 19, 1920, he went to Zhangzhou, Fujian on the orders of Sun many times to help form the Fujian-Guangdong army, solve the financial difficulties, drive the Guangdong army back to Guangdong and drive away the warlords in Guangxi.
192 1 April, after the war to expel warlords from Guangxi, Sun Yat-sen established the Guangdong Revolutionary Government, and Liao was appointed as the second minister of the Ministry of Finance. Later, he also served as the director of the Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance. He worked hard to help Sun Yat-sen and create a new revolutionary situation in Guangdong. He was also appointed Commander-in-Chief of Guangdong Revolutionary Government Army, Commander-in-Chief of Guangdong Army and Governor of Guangdong Province, holding the military and political power in Guangdong.
192 1 may, acting as the chief of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of China, supporting Sun Yat-sen's invasion of Guangxi and the Northern Expedition. On the eve of public rebellion, Chen Jiongming was imprisoned in Ishii Arsenal on the outskirts of Guangzhou. After being rescued by He Xiangning and others, he immediately took a boat to Hong Kong, turned to Shanghai, reunited with Sun Yat-sen, and assisted Sun Yat-sen in formulating three major policies: alliance with Russia, alliance with * * *, and aid for agriculture and industry.
1922, in order to overthrow the warlords and unify the whole country, Sun Yat-sen decided to go north. Chen Jiongming opposed the Northern Expedition. He not only made things difficult for Liao to raise funds for the Northern Expedition, but also secretly colluded with Beiyang warlords to prepare a conspiracy.
192365438+1On October 4th, Sun Yat-sen sent a telegram to crusade against Chen Jiongming, form the East and West armies, and 16 conquered Guangzhou. After Chen Jiongming took office, he retired to Hongkong. 1923 In February, negotiations were held with the Soviet Union on the terms of the Vietnam-Vietnam joint statement. In March, he served as
1924 65438+1On October 20th, the first congress of China Kuomintang opened in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen appointed it as a member of the presidium. During the meeting, the principle of cooperation between countries and anti-imperialism and feudalism was adhered to, which contributed to the success of the meeting. Elected as Secretary-General, Executive Committee Member, Standing Committee Member and Minister of the Ministry of Workers of the Kuomintang Central Admiral of the fleet Base Camp. He assisted Sun Yat-sen in preparing for the establishment of the famous Whampoa Military Academy of the Army Military Academy. As a party representative, he worked hard to build a revolutionary army and was known as the loving mother of Huangpu. In June, he served as the governor of Guangdong. In July, he served as a political commissar of the Kuomintang Central Committee, supported the strike of shamian workers, and ordered the county magistrate to help organize peasant associations. In September, he became the finance minister of the base camp. Insist on suppressing the rebellion of Guangzhou merchant group. On the eve of going north, Sun Yat-sen served as the Party representative and Minister of Agriculture of all the Party, Army, Military Academy and Jiangwutang. 1 1 in June, he served as a party representative in the Senate, all party troops, military academies and Jiangwutang, and concurrently served as the central peasant minister.
1925 65438+1On October 25th, Huangpu Military Academy established the Young Soldiers Club with Liao as its president, and published the first issue of Young Soldiers. 1March, 925 12. After Sun Yat-sen's death, he still unswervingly implemented the three major policies, played an important role in quelling the rebellion of the business group, the rebellion of Yang and Liu, and the expedition to the east and the northern expedition, and made great contributions to consolidating the revolutionary regime in Guangdong and supporting the general strike in Guangdong. 1925 In July, the National Government was established, serving as Minister of Finance, Member of the Standing Committee of the Military Commission and Director of Finance of the Guangdong Provincial Government.
Be assassinated
Liao adhered to the three policies, cooperated closely with party member, supported the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants, and promoted the development of China's national revolution. But what he did was undoubtedly unacceptable to the Kuomintang Rightists, feudal warlords and imperialists. Therefore, Chinese and foreign reactionary forces regard Liao as a thorn in the side and want to kill him. Shortly after Sun Yat-sen's death, Xie Zhi, Lin Sen and Zou Lu formed the so-called Xishan Conference School, which betrayed Sun Yat-sen's three major policies and undermined the unity of the national revolutionary leadership.
From July 1925, Kuomintang Rightists Zou Lu, Wu Chaoshu and others began to attack Liao, spreading all kinds of rumors in an attempt to overthrow Liao and deny the three major policies. Facing the aggressive trend of the right-wing opponents, Liao waged an uncompromising struggle with them. Especially to Liao's disgust, some Kuomintang Rightists, old party member, even colluded with the northern reactionary warlords to achieve the goal of opposing * * *. In May, Liao published the article "Revolutionaries and Counterrevolutionaries", sharply criticizing the old Rightists of the Kuomintang. He said: now all counter-revolutionaries in our party call themselves the old revolutionary party, and they call themselves the old revolutionary party. After thinking that they used to be a revolutionary party, they colluded with bureaucrats, warlords and imperialism and tried their best to suppress most of our industries. You can also call it the revolutionary party, thinking that the old revolutionary signs can be purged. I don't know that revolutionaries are not empty names. No matter what achievements that man has made in the past, if he continues the revolution, he is not a revolutionary. On the contrary, as soon as there is counter-revolutionary behavior, it will immediately become counter-revolutionary. This article greatly stimulated Zou Lu, Lin Zhimin, Zhu and other old Rightists. They hate Liao's guts, and some even plan to get rid of Liao by despicable assassination.
In August, the news that the Kuomintang Rightists wanted to kill Liao was widely publicized. In an instant, there are dark clouds everywhere and the pressure is getting bigger and bigger. At that time, there was a right-wing club in the south embankment of Guangzhou, where Zhu and other right-wingers often secretly planned to kill Liao. They are familiar with Soviet advisers such as Bao Luoting, Galen, Wang and Liao. They meet in Fu Bao, Baizi Road and Dongshan every day. At first, Zhu and others wanted to kill all these leaders with a machine gun with a bomb. Before they started, the police chief was shocked by the news, which prevented the bloodshed. Faced with this situation, Liao is fearless and continues to make unremitting efforts. When he heard that the enemy was going to shoot him with a machine gun, he laughed it off and joked to others: the pistol bomb used for assassination is something you can see, but if you use a machine gun, it will be new. He Xiangning advised him to add two more guards to prevent accidents, but he replied disapprovingly: If you add more guards, you will have to arrest the assassins, but it will not stop them from committing crimes. I go to trade unions, peasant associations, student unions and other groups for meetings or speeches every day, and I go to several places all day long. If they want to murder me, they can pretend to be workers, farmers or students and mix with the masses. All my life, I have acted according to my conscience and asked myself not to be sorry for the party and the country. In a word, I can't let him live or die, and I can't relax in the revolution.
On August 1925, at a meeting of the National Government, Wang Jingwei, who was sitting next to Liao, wrote him a note telling him that someone was going to oppose him. He immediately said: it is a revolutionary's long-cherished wish to sacrifice for the party and the country. Why should he care? On August 19, another person reported the exact news to him. Liao generously said: In this difficult autumn of the party and the country, one's life and death have long been forgotten, and the two problems of strike movement and unified Guangdong movement have not been solved! On this day, he worked late into the night to raise money for Huangpu Military Academy. I came home very late.
On the morning of August 20th, 1925, Liao and his wife He Xiangning took a bus to the party headquarters for a meeting. I met Chen Qiulin on the way and immediately went with the car. They don't want to be killed in front of the heavily guarded Kuomintang Central Party Department.
After the Liao case happened, the National Government immediately set up a Liao case inspection committee to trace the mastermind and murderer behind the assassination. It has been found out that the assassination was committed by imperialism and the Kuomintang Rightists. The main members are Zou Lu, Lin Zhimian, Zhu and others. It was Hu's cousin and his close friends Zhu and Kai who paid bribes to the murderer. One of the killers found Zhu after killing Liao. Zhu gave it to 200 yuan to leave Guangzhou. After the case was found out, the national government sent troops to search the Hu brothers' homes, arrested Hu Qingrui and Lin Zhimian, and removed them from their posts as commanders of the First Army. And Zhu absconded in advance, and Hu was also suspected of absconding. The right-wing forces of the Kuomintang suffered a heavy blow.
1September, 925 10, Liao went to the funeral, and more than 200,000 people including teachers, students, workers, farmers and citizens attended the ceremony. His body was temporarily buried in front of Xu Ma Gang's good friend Zhu Zhixin.
65438+September 1 0935, moved to the side of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Zijinshan, Nanjing.
family member
His wife, He Xiangning, is a famous leftist of the Kuomintang. 1949 has been a member of the Central People's Government, director of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission, and chairman of the China Artists Association.
Daughter Liao Mengxing is the wife of revolutionary martyr Li Shaoshi.
Liao Chengzhi, son, the first and fourth NPC Standing Committee, the fifth NPC Standing Committee Vice Chairman. Alternate member of the 7th Central Committee, member of the 8th, 10th, 11th and 12th Central Committees, and the 12th members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.
Daughter Liao.
Sun Tzu Liao Hui, member of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Central Committee.