I. Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty
1, Liu bang
Liu Bang (256 BC 1 1 24th of the month-65438 BC+25th of April, 095) was the founder of the Han Dynasty, one of the great pioneers of the Han nationality and culture, and an outstanding politician, strategist and conductor in the history of China. He made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and the reunification of China.
Liu bang was born in a peasant family, and he was open-minded and did not care about production. Qin was then the curator of the Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, and died in Mangdang Mountain for releasing criminals. Shortly after the Chen Sheng Uprising, Liu Bang assembled 3,000 children to respond to the Uprising and captured Pei County and other places, which was known as Pei Gong in history.
Soon he defected to Xiang Liang, served as the prefect of Dang County, sealed Wu 'an Hou, and took charge of Dang County. In 206 BC 10, Liu Bangjun entered Pakistan, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty perished. Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guanzhong elders.
After the Hongmen banquet, it was named Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong areas. In the early period of Chu-Han War, there were many defeats and wars. However, he knew people well, paid attention to training, gave full play to the talents of his subordinates, paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu, and finally turned defeat into victory.
After defeating Xiang Yu, he unified the whole country. On February 28, 202 BC, Liu Bang ascended the throne in the flood sun, making Chang 'an his capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
2. Liu Heng
Liu Heng (203 BC-BC 157), namely Emperor Wendi (reigned 180 BC 157), the fourth son of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, his mother Ji Bo, the younger brother of Emperor Wudi, and the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/96, after Emperor Gaozu put down the rebellion in Chen Yi, he made Liu Heng the acting king. He is tolerant and peaceful and keeps a low profile politically. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou was in power, and Zhu Lu held the military and political power of the imperial court.
Before his death in A.D. 180, Qiu He, the prime minister, wiped out all Lu, and welcomed Dai Wang to Beijing as emperor and emperor of China.
After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, he vigorously built water conservancy, dressed simply and abolished corporal punishment, which made the Han Dynasty enter a prosperous and stable period. At that time, the people were rich and the world was well off.
When Liu Heng was the acting king, there was a queen with four sons. Shortly after Liu Heng proclaimed himself emperor, these four sons died one after another, and Liu Qi, the son of Dou, was the longest and the most popular among other sons.
Three months after Liu Heng ascended the throne (in the first month of the first year of Jingdi), Liu Qi was made the Crown Prince, and in March of the first year, Dou was made the queen. The rule of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and his son Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty is collectively called the rule of Wenjing? .
During the period of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, there were problems such as the excessive influence of vassal states and the invasion of the Central Plains by Xiongnu. Emperor Wen of Han adopted an attitude of serving people with virtue.
Morally, Emperor Wendi personally tasted medicine for his mother and was deeply filial. In June of the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty collapsed in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an and was buried in Baling.
3. Liu Che
Liu Che (BC156-March 29th, 87 BC), namely Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a politician and strategist.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (before 1, 4 1-87 years), the Chinese and foreign dynasties, the system of secretariat of history and the procuratorial system were established politically, and the law of commendation was promulgated to strengthen the autocratic monarchy and centralization.
Economically, measures such as leveling, compensation, calculation and suing were adopted to cast five baht, which made the government monopolize the operation of salt, iron and wine and suppressed the influence of wealthy businessmen.
Culturally, it "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone" and established imperial academy. Externally, Emperor Wudi adopted an expansion policy. In addition to fighting the Huns for years, it also broke Fujian and Vietnam, South Vietnam, Weishi Korea and Dawan, hollowed out the western regions, opened up the Silk Road and opened up the southwest.
In addition, there are some measures, such as creating a year number and issuing a calendar in the early days. However, he believed in magic, boasted about luxury and resorted to military tactics, which led to the crisis of rule and the outbreak of witchcraft in his later years. Later, because of the frustration of external expansion, it was awarded the "Imperial Decree of Wheel Platform". In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty collapsed in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70 and was buried in Maoling.
Second, the Eastern Han Emperor
Liu xiu 1
Liu Xiu (65438 BC+65438 BC 10 BC+March 29th, 05 -57 BC), namely Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (reigned in 25-57 AD), was born in Jiyang Palace, Jiyang County, Chenliu, and was born in Caiyang County (now Zaoyang City, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province). China was the first emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the temple name "Shizu" and posthumous title "Guangwudi". ?
At the end of the new dynasty, the country was divided and the world was in chaos, and Liu Xiu, a Han civilian, took advantage of Nanyang County.
After three years (25 years) of establishment, Liu Xiu openly broke with the establishment regime and proclaimed himself emperor in Chiaki Minami Pavilion in Xiang County. In order to show Liu's revival, he still takes "Han" as his country name, which is called "Eastern Han" in history.
After 12 years of unified war, Liu Xiu eliminated the separatist forces in Kanto, Longyou and Xishu successively, ending the warlord melee and separatist situation that lasted for nearly 20 years since the end of Xinmang.
In his thirty-three years in office, Liu Xiu carried out political reform on the central official position, reorganized the bureaucracy, streamlined the organization, and gave preferential treatment to the heroes. Liberate productive forces economically, recuperate and vigorously develop the economy.
Culturally, carry forward Confucianism and respect honesty. The Eastern Han Dynasty was also praised by later historians as "the most beautiful and civilized time with the most prosperous Confucianism" in the history of China.
On the fifth day of February in the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57 years), Liu Xiu died in the front hall of Nangong at the age of 62. After Liu Xiu's death, his son Liu Zhuang succeeded to the throne. On the fifth day of March of the same year, Liu Xiu was buried in the original mausoleum, and went there with the temple name of Shi-zu and posthumous title Guangwudi, who was later called Guangwudi.
2. Liu Xie
Liu Xie (181-21,April 2, 234), namely Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (189-220 reigned), whose real name was Bohe, the second son of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, and the half-brother of Liu Bian, the mother of Emperor Shao of Han Dynasty.
Liu Xie was raised by Dong Taihou, so he was called "Dong Hou". He was first named the king of the Bohai Sea, and later named Chen Liuwang. In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (189), Dong Zhuo abolished the little Han emperor Liu Bian and made Liu Xie emperor.
After Dong Zhuo was killed by Wang Yun and Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo led Li Jue and others into Chang 'an and held them hostage again. Liu Xie later escaped from Chang 'an. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), Cao Cao took control of Liu Xie, moved the capital to Xuchang, and held the emperor as a vassal.
In the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao died of illness, Liu Xie was controlled by Cao Pi, and was forced to abdicate to Cao Pi.
In the second year of Qinglong in Cao Wei (234), Liu Xie died at the age of 54, and was buried in the Zen Mausoleum, with posthumous title as the emperor of mourning.
Third, the Southern Han Emperor
1, Liu? (889-942), also known as Liu Li and Liu Mi, formerly known as Ada and Liu Yi, was the third son of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the secretariat of Fengzhou, the brother of Liu Yin, the king of the South China Sea, and the founding hero of the Southern Han Dynasty.
Originally from Shangcai (now Henan), I talked about Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). His ancestors did business in Nanhai and moved to Quanzhou (now Fujian).
Liu? When he was in charge of military affairs at the beginning, he pacified the separatist forces in the east and west of Lingnan, controlled Lingnan, and competed with Ma Chu in the west for the land of Rong Gui, and captured Rongyong (now western and southern Guangxi and parts of Guangdong).
In the first year of drying (9 1 1), his brother Liu Yin died. For the Qing navy's right to know, Liu? For the Qing navy our time, sealing Nanping Wang. Zhen Ming three years (9 17), Liu? Declare yourself emperor and build Panyu as its capital? , renamed Xing, the country name Da Yue, changed the country name to Han the following year, and was called Nanhan in history.
It is reported that parts of Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan today. Liu? During his reign, he relied on scholars to govern the government and let them be the secretariats of the States; Through the imperial examination, more than 10 Jinshi and Mingjing people are employed as officials every year, thus avoiding the trouble of Wu Zhi dominating the officialdom.
But what about Liu? And his successors are all dissolute and cruel kings, collecting jewels and making great progress. In order to collect and punish the people's resistance and torture, the people suffered great pain. Guangtian two years (942) Liu? Dead, the temple name is Gaozu, Emperor posthumous title.
Fourth, the Emperor of the Later Han Dynasty
1, Liu Zhiyuan
Liu Zhiyuan (895-948), a post-Emperor Gaozu (reigned 947-948), was a native of Taiyuan, Hedong, and a native of Shatuo. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Liu Wei, the founding emperor of the later Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor and changed his name to Liu Wei.
When I was a child, I was not playful, with a heavy personality and few words. When I grow up, I have a special image, which is different for people at that time. He was brave and good at fighting, and made many outstanding achievements in the late Tang Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty.
In the fourth year (947), Liu Zhiyuan proclaimed himself emperor, and God bless him for twelve years. During its rule, local governments acted in their own way, which was difficult for the court to control, and there were many corrupt officials under them, which led to graft and tax collection.
In the first month of the first year of Ganyou (948), Liu Zhiyuan died in Wanshoutang, with the temple name Gaozu, and posthumous title Zhao was buried in Baizui Shanyang, 30 kilometers northwest of Yuzhou City.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Shu Han
1, Liu Bei
Liu Bei (161-June10,223), namely Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty (reigned 22 1-223), also known as his late master, whose real name was Xuande, was born in Zhuoxian County, Youzhou County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty.
As a teenager, Liu Bei took Lu Zhi as his teacher. In his early years, he was displaced and went through hardships. He once took refuge in many governors and participated in suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Has led troops to rescue Beihai Kong Rong and Xuzhou Tao Qian. After Tao Qian died, he gave Xuzhou to Liu Bei.
Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao and captured Jingzhou. Then forge ahead and make a profit. In the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, which was called Shu or Shu in history.
The reflection commented that Liu Bei's mechanical strength was not as good as Cao Cao's, but he was generous, knowledgeable and persistent, and eventually became an emperor. Liu Bei also said that he succeeded in doing things "every time he opposed Cao Cao."
In the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei died of illness in Baidicheng at the age of 63. He is posthumous title Zhaolie, with a fierce temple name, and was buried in Hui Ling.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Eastern Han Dynasty
Baidu encyclopedia-western Han dynasty
Baidu Encyclopedia-South Korea
Baidu Encyclopedia-Houhan