The origin of the surname
The surname Chu (Chǔ) has five origins:
1. It comes from the surname Mi, which is named after the country. According to "Xingyuan", "Tongzhi Clan Brief" and "Customs", King Zhou Cheng granted Xiong Yi, the great-grandson of Wan Xiong, a descendant of Emperor Zhuan's Gaoyang family, to Danyang, with the country's name of Jing, and later moved the capital to Yingcheng (Old City). In the old Ying City in the north of Jiangling in present-day Hubei Province), the name of the country was changed to Chu. Later generations took the name of the country and called them the surname Chu.
2. Comes from the surname Ji, named after the ancestor. According to "Tongzhi Clan Briefing" and "Wanxing Genealogy", the descendants of Lin Kai, the concubine of King Ping of Zhou, and after Lin Chu, the doctor of Lu, took the surname of their ancestors and called them Chu.
3. It comes from the ancient sage Chu Lao and should be the origin of the Chu surname.
4. It comes from after Chu Long in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the "Manuscript of the Words and Deeds of Mingxian Clan", it came from Chu Long, a retainer of Zhao Meng (i.e. Zhao Xiangzi) in the Spring and Autumn Period.
5. People from other clans have this surname. The Lisu people harmed the Rao Shi family, and their Han surname was Chu; today Tujia and other ethnic groups also have this surname.
The ancestor who got the surname
Xiong Yi. The founder of the Chu State in the Western Zhou Dynasty, he was the great-grandson of Shi Wan Xiong, King Wen, and a descendant of the Xiong Ying clan. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Xiong Ying tribe helped Prince Wu Geng of Zhou to rebel against the Zhou Dynasty. After the failure, they were forced to go south and established Jingshan (now west of Nanzhang, Hubei Province) as a base to develop in another direction. At the time of Xiong Yi, King Cheng remembered Wan Xiong's achievements and sealed his capital in Danyang. The country was named Jing, and he had the same title as his son. Later, he moved his capital to Ying and changed the country's name to Chu. Chu was the largest vassal state in the south during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and was once very powerful. In the late Warring States period, Chu was destroyed by Qin. In order to commemorate the homeland, the descendants of subsequent generations took the surname of Chu as their surname, and respected Xiong Yi, the founder of Chu, as the ancestor of those who got the surname of Chu.
Migration distribution
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chu State was the largest vassal state in the south. Especially during the reign of King Zhuang of Chu, the country was so powerful that no one in the world dared to compete with it. Aspire to dominate the Central Plains. But later, due to the sycophant's manipulation of power, the king of Chu was mediocre, and after the Qin State's reform, the state of Chu rose in the west, and the state of Chu gradually declined. In 223 BC, Chu was finally destroyed by Qin, and the large sect with the Chu surname was officially born. Before the Chu surname came into being after Xiong Yi, Chu surnames from other origins were already distributed in Lu (the capital is now Qufu, Shandong Province) and present-day Shanxi, Henan and other places. After the Han and Wei dynasties, the large families with the Chu surname multiplied in Jiangling County and Xinping County. Jiangling County is located in today's Jiangling, Hubei Province. It is undoubtedly one of the ancestral residences of the Chu surname. Xinping County is located in today's Bin County, Shaanxi Province, so the Chu surname can be seen. Entered Shaanxi early. From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Chu surname was very silent just like the Han and Wei dynasties, making it difficult to know the exact situation of its reproduction and migration. However, the Chu surname centered on the above-mentioned counties and gradually spread to Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hebei and other places. After the Song Dynasty, more and more people with the surname Chu appeared in the annals of history. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, people with Chu surnames gradually moved south to Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong due to the suffering of war. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial government was defeated, the officialdom was dark, wars were frequent, and disasters continued. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the population decreased greatly. In order to "ease the urgent needs of the Central Plains," the Ming Dynasty forced the people of Shanxi to immigrate. Therefore, in the early Ming Dynasty, The Shanxi Chu surname is one of the surnames of the immigrants from the Hongdong Sophora japonica tree, and was moved to Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Beijing, Tianjin and other places. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, people with the Chu surname also appeared in Gansu, Ningxia and other places in the northwest of the motherland, while some of the Chu surnames in the southwest spread southward to Vietnam, Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries. At this time, there were also people with Chu surnames from the coastal areas who crossed the ocean and entered Taiwan or abroad. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, after Zhang Xianzhong massacred Sichuan, Sichuan was filled with Huguang, and people with Chu surnames from the two lakes settled in what is now Sichuan and Chongqing. During the Kangxi and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty and after that, people with Chu surnames from Shandong, Hebei and other places followed the trend of entering Guandong and entered Liaoning and other places. Today, the Chu surname is widely distributed across the country, especially in Henan and other provinces. The Chu surname in one province accounts for more than half of the Han population with the Chu surname in the country. The Chu surname is the 276th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.02% of the country's Han population.
Historical celebrities
Chu'er: a native of the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Runniang, and a poet who recognized Hui Neng's poetry. She used to be a prostitute, but later became a good person and married Guo Duan, a robber catcher in Wannian County. She was not happy.
Chu Yan: A native of Xucheng, Kaifeng (now Yanjin, Henan Province), he was an astronomer in the Song Dynasty. Less common tetraphones. In particular, the "Nine Chapters", "Ji Gu", and "Zhu Shu" are wonderful calculations. Ming Xiangfa and "Yu Si Jing", good at counting yin and yang and celestial calendar. Since the examination of "Xuanming Li", he has been supplemented by the students of Tianjian, and moved to Baozheng. Renzong Tiansheng created the new calendar at the beginning of the year, and awarded Ling Tailang the title of "Chongtian Calendar". Enter Si Tianjian Cheng. Later, he created the "Si Chenxing Luo Calendar", and eventually he was in charge of Gou Si Tianjian.
Chu Bian: A native of Mengcheng, Anfeng (now part of Anhui Province), a general in the Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of his career, he served as the general of Zhenguo and the defense envoy of Shouchun Mansion. After the death of the Jin Dynasty, he surrendered to the Song Dynasty and was ordered to guard Suzhou. In the eleventh year of Wokuotai Khan's reign, Yizhou surrendered to Mongolia and was ordered to defend it. Song soldiers came to attack and the city was destroyed and he died in the battle.
Chu Ding: The son of Chu Bian, he was the general Huaiyuan of the Yuan Dynasty and led troops to suppress the Ning Kingdom. Later, they crossed the sea from Fan Wenhu and invaded Japan. The strong wind damaged the ship, and they drifted for three days and nights to Korea with a broken plank.
Chu Zhang: A native of Chaocheng, Shandong Province, an official in the early Ming Dynasty. Tong Jing Shu, Shi Yuan was a Hanlin bachelor. In the early days of Hongwu, he was appointed as a Confucian tutor by the Ming Dynasty, and was promoted to Zhan Shi Fu Cheng.
Chu Zhi: A general in the early Ming Dynasty. During the Hongwu period, Feng Sheng and Lan Yu successively made contributions to the fortress, and were appointed to command the capital. King Zhu Di of Yan raised an army. He and Li Jinglong led their troops to resist the enemy and were known for their bravery. They later died in Jiahe in a battle with the Yan soldiers.
Chu Yan: A native of Caozhou (now Heze), Shandong Province, an official in the late Ming Dynasty. Jinshi in the fifth year of Tianqi. He was granted the title of Magistrate of Longxi County, moved to be the head of the Household Department, and returned to officialdom. At the end of Chongzhen, Qing soldiers broke through the city and resisted being killed. There is "Zizhi Tang Ji".
Chu Zhilan: A native of Xiangcheng, Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan Province), an official in the Northern Song Dynasty. When I first started studying "Three Rites", I suddenly said to myself that if I met a wise man, I would teach him the techniques of Liu Ren and Dun Jia. It happened that the imperial court was asking for prescription skills, so he recommended himself. He was promoted to Hanlin Astronomy based on his evidence of horoscopes. He was awarded the title of Registrar of Leyuan County, moved to the position of Tianchun, and was sentenced to be the supervisor of Sitian. He was promoted to Shangshu and Gongbu Yuanwailang, and was later demoted to Suiping order due to some affairs.
Chu Zhaofu: A native of Songzhou Songcheng (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), he was a general in the Song Dynasty. He was first appointed as the envoy of the armory. When Taizu went out to conquer the country, he was appointed to inspect the capital and later moved to deputy envoy to the privy council. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the officials paid homage to the privy envoy. Because he is known for his talents and diligent nature, people dare not do anything for personal gain, but are just stingy.
Chu Jianzhong: A native of Luoyang, a minister of the Song Dynasty. He was born as a Jinshi, and he was the magistrate of Xinghe County in his early years, and he had a reputation for governance. He had the foresight and suggested building a city defense to resist Xixia. The Xixia people did not dare to attack after hearing that they were well prepared. He served as transshipment envoys in Kuilu, Huainan and Jingxi, and later moved to Shaanxi Province as transshipment envoys. He was informed of Guangzhou, Jiangning and Chengdejun, and was responsible for discussing the appointment of officials to official positions.
Chu Zhirou: An official in the Song Dynasty. Huizong Zhenghe was appointed as the Prime Minister of Jiangyin. During his tenure, he made great efforts to control the water, so that the waterways in the county were sparse and not blocked, and they were kept in order but not excessive. More than 6,000 hectares of farmland benefited.
Jun Wangtang No.
1. Jun Wang
Jiangling County: established in the Qin Dynasty, the administrative seat is now Jiangling, Hubei Province. In the Southern Dynasties, the Qi Dynasty changed the county to the jurisdiction of the county. Comparable to Jiangling and eastern Sichuan areas in Hubei Province today.
Xinping County: Set up in the Eastern Han Dynasty, its governance is in Qixian County (the old city is in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province today), and its jurisdiction is similar to Binxian County, Changwu County, Yongshou County, Gansu Province, Jingchuan County, Lingtai County, Gansu Province, etc. .
2. Hall names
The main hall names of the Chu surname are: "Bingdetang", "Jianglingtang", "Gangjietang", "Zizhitang", "Tingting" Snow Hall" etc.
Clan Characteristics
1. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancestors of the Chu family once performed well, but after they died in the Qin Dynasty, they suddenly disappeared. It can be said that the Chu surname had always performed well before the Song Dynasty. is relatively quiet.
2. The surnames Chu, Xiong, Jing, and Mi can be said to be different branches and leaves of the same tree.
3. The unique applicable couplets of the Chu surname include: "The Spring and Autumn Period tied for the fifth uncle, and the Warring States Period jumped to the seventh uncle", "Si Chenxing has been passed down for eternity, Gusu Taitu has flourished for thousands of years", "Bingbing was the transfer envoy of the Song Dynasty" , General Biao Biao of the Yuan Dynasty" and so on.
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Universal couplets for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu
〖Universal couplets with four characters for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu〗
Good knowledge of waterways;
Familiar with arithmetic.
——Anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu
The first couplet refers to Chu Zhirou in the Song Dynasty as the magistrate of Jiangyin County, who was good at knowing waterways. Xia Lian Dian refers to Chu Yan of the Song Dynasty as Si Tianjian Cheng, and all the calculations are full of ingenuity.
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〖Six-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Chu〗
In the Spring and Autumn Period, he was ranked as the fifth uncle;
In the Warring States Period, he was ranked as the seventh uncle.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu.
The first couplet refers to King Chuzhuang, one of the "Five Uncles" who "took the world" during the Spring and Autumn Period. The five uncles were Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu, King Helu of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue. The second line "Seven Heroes" refers to the seven powerful states of Wei, Zhao, Han, Qin, Qi, Chu and Yan during the Warring States Period.
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〖Seven-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Chu〗
The Prime Minister of Jiangyin knew the waterways well;
Si Tianjian was familiar with arithmetic.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu
The first couplet refers to Chu Zhirou, a native of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was the official Jiang Yincheng during the Zhenghe period, and he knew how to control floods. After his management, the rivers in the county were dredged without being blocked, water was saved without flooding, and more than 6,000 hectares of farmland were benefited. Xia Lian Dian refers to Chu Yan, a native of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty. He studied arithmetic classics such as "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", "Ji Gu Zhu Shu", and "Haidao Arithmetic Classic". He was able to obtain their mysteries and was good at inferring yin and yang and ephemeris. Zeng himself requested to be called to take the "Xuanming Li" exam, and was admitted as a student of Si Tianjian. In the early years of Tiansheng's reign, he compiled the "Chongtian Calendar" and sued Tian Jiancheng. Later, he wrote the "Sichenxingluo Calendar" in twelve volumes.
Si Chenxing has been passed down for eternity;
The picture of Gusu Terrace will shine through the ages.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu.
The Shangliandian refers to Chu Yan, a mathematician and astronomer in the Song Dynasty, who wrote famous works such as "Si Chen Xing Luo Calendar". The second couplet refers to Chu An, a painter of the Tang Dynasty, who worked on the towers of the towers. There are excellent works such as "Wu Wang Yan Gu Su Terrace" handed down to the world.
Bingbing envoy of the Song Dynasty;
General Biao Biao of the Yuan Dynasty.
——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu.
The Shangliandian refers to the transfer envoy of the capital of Shaanxi Province in the Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zhengshu, and he was from Luoyang. Plan more for good governance, and use the right advice to become an official. Xialiandian refers to Chu Ding, the general manager of the army in the Yuan Dynasty, who was from Mengcheng. He was once sent by the imperial court to conquer Japan. When crossing the sea, his ship was destroyed by a storm. He held the deck and drifted for three days and nights until he drifted to Korea. After landing, he went along the coast to gather the lost troops, and then returned to the court to report to the emperor, and was awarded the title of General Huaiyuan.
The calligraphy and calligraphy express feelings far away;
The inscriptions on gold and stone express the integrity and integrity.
——Chu Tunan wrote a universal couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu
This couplet is written by Chu Tunan, a contemporary celebrity of the Chu family, a famous calligrapher and seal carver, and the former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The book is presented to Rong Hongjunlian, a member of the Chinese Calligraphy Association and a member of the Japanese Art Research Association.
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〖Common couplets for ancestral halls with the surname Chu in seven words or above〗
Speak out correct words, eliminate doubts, and become stronger;
Talk about talents, be kind and scheming, and introduce but not only.
——Anonymous written couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Chu.
The first couplet refers to the Chuqiu Shidian of the fortune teller of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. Xia Lian Dian refers to Chu Zhaofu, the privy envoy of the Song Dynasty, named Gongchen, who was from Songcheng. Talented, scheming, strong-willed, and willing to act selfishly.
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Chinese People *** Chu A brief biography of the contemporary general named
Lieutenant General Chu Hongyan
Chu Hongyan (1942.10-----) was born in Qixian County, Henan Province. Joined the People's Liberation Army of China in June 1960. He graduated from the 2nd Aviation Preparatory School of the Air Force with a major in flight and has a college degree.
Served as deputy director of the Equipment Department of the General Staff Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and director of the Comprehensive Planning Department of the General Staff Department of the Communist Party of China. In January 2002, he was appointed deputy director of the General Logistics Department of ***.
Promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in 2002.