1 Confucius quotations. The Analects of Confucius
I want fish &; ; Mencius
Born in sorrow, died in happiness &; ; Mencius
4 Cao Gui Debate &; ; Zuo zhuan
5 Zou Ji satirizes the minister of Qi King; Conspiracy in the warring States period
6 model &; ; Zhuge Liang
7 Taohuayuan &; ; Tao Yuanming
8 Three Gorges &; ; Li daoyuan
9 Miscellaneous remarks (4)&; Han Yu
10 humble room inscription &; ; Liu Yuxi
Xiaoshitang &11; ; liu zongyuan
12 Yueyang Tower &; ; fan zhongyan
13 Drunk Pavilion &; ; Ouyang Xiu
14 Hu Ailian said &; ; Zhou dunyi
15 Night Tour at Chengtian Temple &; ; Su Shi
16 Send Dongyang Horse (excerpt)&; ; Song Lian
17 Official Gong & The Book of Songs
18 Jia Jian & The Book of Songs
19 See the sea&; ; Cao Cao
20 Drinking &; ; Tao Yuanming
2 1 Say goodbye to the viceroy and leave for Shu. Bo Wang
A berth at the foot of No.22 Beibao Mountain &; ; Wangwan
Let it go to the plug &; ; Wang Wei
24. I heard that Wang Changling moved to the Longbiao kiln on the left and sent this message &; ; Lipper
It's hard to go&; ; Lipper
26 Wang Yue&; ; Du Fu
27 Hope of Spring &; ; Du Fu
The hut was broken by the autumn wind &; ; Du Fu
29 "Bai Xuege" sent Tian Shuji Wu home &; ; Cen Can
In early spring of 30, he appeared outside the water conservancy department &; ; Han Yu
3 1 Reward Lotte Yangzhou for meeting for the first time &; Liu Yuxi
32 Watch Wheat Cutting & Bai Juyi
33 Spring Tour of Qiantang Lake &; ; Bai Juyi
34 Yanmen Taishouhang &; ; Li he
35 Chibi & Du Mu
36 Bo Qinhuai &; ; Du Mu
A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night &; Li shangyin
38 untitled &; ; Li shangyin
39 Ying Huan &; ; Yu Li
40 Fisherman's Pride &; ; fan zhongyan
4 1 Huanxisha & Yan Shu
42 Climb Feilai Peak &; ; Wang Anshi
43 Jiangchengzi went hunting in Mizhou. Su Shi
44 water tune song &; ; Su Shi
45 Visit Shanxi Village &; ; Lu you
46 broken child &; ; Xin Qiji
47 Crossing Zero Ding Yang &; ; wen tianxiang
Qiu Si pure sand for 48 days &; ; Ma Zhiyuan
49 alpine sheep. Tongguan nostalgia &; ; Zhang
50 Ji Hai Zashi &; ; gong zizhen
Senior high school (14)
1. Persuade (excerpt)&; ; xunzi
2. Easy travel (excerpt)&; ; Zhuangzi
3. The teacher said &; ; Han Yu
4 Epang Palace Fu&; ; Du Mu
5 Red Cliff Fu&; ; Su Shi
6 Meng &; ; The Book of Songs
7 Li Sao (excerpt)&; ; Qu Yuan
8 Shu Road is not easy to walk &; ; Lipper
9 Gordon & Du Fu
10 pipa line &; ; Bai Juyi
1 1 gold &; ; Li shangyin
12 Yu Meiren &; ; Yu Li
13 Nian Nujiao misses the past &; ; Su Shi
14 nostalgia of Gu Bei Pavilion in Jingkou, Yongyule &; ; Xin Qiji
2.64 high school Chinese must recite the ancient poem "Niannujiao? Chibi nostalgia 1. Try to sum up the content of this word in three words.
The first part: Red Cliff Fu, the second part: Appreciating poetry, we can grasp the train of thought from the title: from the title of the poem, this is an ancient poem, nostalgic for the past in Chibi. The general idea of nostalgic poetry is to write about the present situation of historic sites first, and then express feelings.
So is this word. The last film is mainly about scenery and nostalgia for the ancients. The next nostalgia, then send feelings. 2. The last film was about the scenery of Chibi. What scenes have you written? Rivers, old bases, rocks and stormy waves 3. "The river of no return is a romantic figure through the ages."
These three sentences have always been praised by people and are famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. Who can talk about its benefits? From rivers to years, from years to people, a vast space and a long time background have been set up. Turn intangible into tangible and vivid.
4. Understanding of the poem: (1) "River of No Return, Romantic Figures through the ages": After the waves swept away the sand, they left real romantic figures, who will go down in history. (2) "The mountains and rivers are picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time."
There are many heroes in Battle of Red Cliffs. (3) "Xiao Qiao is handsome and heroic at his first marriage."
Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao at a young age. How brave and radiant he is. (4) "Feather fan nylon scarf, laughing and laughing, dying."
Zhou Yu cranked a feather fan and wore a black silk scarf. He burned Cao's boat with a joke. 5] "The old country is falling, and many lovers Ying Xiao Wo are born early."
When I came to Chibi and imagined the scene in Battle of Red Cliffs, I really should laugh at myself for being so affectionate that I grew white hair at a young age. [6] "Life is like a dream, a bottle will still have a bright moon": The author sees through the world of mortals, drinks wine to drown his sorrows, regrets that the years have passed and his achievements have not been achieved, so as to seek relief.
5. Main idea understanding: Some people say: "Su Shi's life is a life of perseverance, hard struggle and unremitting struggle", while others say: "Su Shi's life is a miserable and unsuccessful life." How to treat the word "life is like a dream"? Freedom of opinion, but you have to give reasons and justify yourself.
(1) was arrested and imprisoned, living in Huangzhou, which was a great blow to him. In his view, he is not qualified and framed, which makes his ambition difficult to realize.
The sentence "Life is like a dream" is precisely the grief and indignation of persecution, the lack of talent and great ambition, and an open-mindedness that no one understands and places on Jiang Yue. ⑵ The phrase "Life is like a dream" was uttered by the poet in the comparison between the story of Jiangshan characters and his own "premature birth and prosperity".
The Yangtze River remains the same, and the hero has passed away; When I was young, my ambition was still there. This year, when I came close to knowing life, I couldn't help feeling the shortness of life and all the sadness. This is human nature, how can it be said to be negative? (3) This feeling is caused by admiration for ancient heroes.
Compared with Zhou Yu, who has made great achievements at a young age and is immortal, he can't help but feel deeply depressed that his old age is approaching and his ambition is hard to pay, and he can't help but feel small and ashamed. Doesn't this sadness of being ashamed of nothing compared with heroes contain a positive spirit? 5. "Yong Yule? Jingkou Nostalgia Gu Bei Pavilion 1. About the author: Xin Qiji, born in Licheng (Jinan, Shandong), was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
He advocated resisting gold all his life and longed to restore the Central Plains. He is a hero among poets.
His lyrics expressed his patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity and poured out his grief and indignation. There is a collection of words Jia and Short Sentences.
2. Allusions in the words: (1) Sun Quan: He once established a military capital in Jingkou, defeated Cao Cao's army from the north and defended his homeland. ⑵ Emperor Wu: The ancestors of Emperor Wu moved from the north to Jingkou, where they started an uprising and finally established political power.
In order to restore the Central Plains, he made several large-scale northern expeditions. The poet wrote about the feelings of these two heroes: he expressed his great ambition to resist gold and restore the Central Plains, and at the same time satirized the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty who used the ancient emperors to humiliate the country and make peace.
(3) Liu Yilong: Liu Yilong was not fully prepared and lost the Northern Expedition hastily, warning Hantuo not to worry. (4) Lian Po: The author compares himself with Lian Po, showing that he is old, but he does not forget to serve his country.
Use the story that Lian Po is remembered by some people although he is old to express his resentment that he can't be reused by the imperial court. Miss Lian Po, show compassion for others, and exaggerate a tragic and desolate mood.
5. Beaver Temple: The reality remains the same, and the people are numb. 3. General idea: By remembering the past, this word shows the poet's eager desire to resist gold and save the country and restore the Central Plains, as well as his anguish over the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty who struggled to recover lost land and made poor use of people.
Climb the mountain 1. Poetic image: "image" is a picture of life displayed in literary works, which can be generally divided into character image and natural scenery image. Character image: the poet image "I" in poetry generally refers to the lyric hero, that is, the poet himself.
Situational image: the situational image in poetry is the sentiment in the scene. Lyrics are often subjective emotional images expressed by objective images (mountains, rivers, vegetation, etc.). ), that is, there is an image of "meaning", that is, "image".
2. Poetic lyricism means: direct lyricism (direct expression of feelings) and indirect lyricism (expressing feelings through scenery, remembering the past and hurting the present). Commonly used terms: allusions: the source of allusions is very meaningful; The function of allusions: nostalgia hurts today, recites history and expresses ambition. Style: romantic/realistic, bold/graceful, lingering/fresh and beautiful/generous and sad/suppressing anger.
Artistic conception: the poet's emotion and reason, the shape and spirit of things. 4. Modern poetry knowledge: a poetic style relative to ancient poetry, also known as modern poetry.
It refers to the metrical poem style formed in the Tang Dynasty, which has strict regulations on the number, number of words, parallelism, antithesis and rhyme level of sentences, mainly metrical poems and quatrains. Rhyme: ① The number of words in the poem is neat.
It is divided into five words and seven languages (referred to as five laws and seven laws). (2) a specified number of poems.
Generally, each song has eight sentences (more than ten sentences are called except or long). (3) The middle two couplets must be couplets.
Every two sentences form a couplet, and eight sentences are four sentences, which are head couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet (end couplet) in turn. Among them, the upper and lower sentences of parallel couplets and necklaces must be antithetical sentences.
Also, the upper sentence in each couplet is called antithesis, and the lower sentence is called antithesis. (4) There are strict requirements for temperament.
Quatrains: Each song is divided into four sentences, with five words and seven words as the main ones, referred to as five quatrains, seven quatrains for short, and occasionally six quatrains. Rhythm is the same as metrical poetry, but not necessarily the opposite.
5. What images did this article write? What content? In the first four sentences, the key point is to write about scenery. One day, there is wind, sand and water.
3.20 19 Chinese in the college entrance examination must recite ancient poems and classical Chinese. Senior high school 14: 1. Xunzi II. Wandering around Zhuangzi III. Teacher Yu. Epang Palace Dufumu 5. Su Shi on the Red Wall 6. Mang Shijing 7. Li Sao Qu Yuan 8. The difficulty of Shu Dao. 13. Nostalgia at Red Cliff by Niannujiao Su Shi 14. "Never meet music. Gu Beiting in Jingkou Nostalgia Xin Qiji II, 50 junior middle school: 1. Quotations from Confucius II. Fish is what I want. 3. Born in sorrow and died in happiness. 4. Debate in Cao Gui. 5. Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's incompetence. 6. Example 7. Peach Blossom Garden 8. Three Gorges 9. Ma Shuo 10. Inscription of humble abode 165438. Xiaoshitang records 65438. Night tour 16. Send it to dongyangma 17. Guanluo 18. Jianmao 19. Watch the sea 20. Drink 2 1. On the 22nd, he bid farewell to the viceroy and went to Shu for his post. A berth under No.23, Beibao Mountain. Send it to fortress 24. Wen Wang Changling left. 3 1. Yangzhou enjoys Lotte for the first time. 32. Look at cutting wheat. 33. Qiantang River Spring Tour. 34. Yanmen Taishou Star. 35. Chibi. 36. Bo Qinhuai. 37. A short message to a friend in the north on a rainy night. 38. Untitled-Li Shangyin. 39. Meeting you. 40. The Fisherman's Pride Qiu Si. 4 1. Huanxisha.
4. High school Chinese must recite ancient poems. Junior high school: ten Analects of Confucius; Taohuayuan; Humble room inscription; Ailian said; Three Gorges; Remember the night tour of Chengtian Temple; Send dongyang horse; Yueyang Tower; Drunk pavilion; A model; Born in sorrow, died in happiness; Fish is what I want; Guan Yu; Jia Jian; Look at the sea; Drinking alcohol; Farewell to the viceroy and go to Shu to take up his post. A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain; Stick to the end; I heard that Wang Changlin had left and moved to Longbiao kiln to deliver this. It's hard to go; Wang Yue; The hope of spring; The hut was broken by the autumn wind; "Song of Snow" sends Tian Shuji Wu home: it is the first time to reward Lotte Yangzhou; Spring tour of Qiantang Lake; Look at wheat cutting; Yanmen Taishouxing; Chibi; Bo Qinhuai; In early spring, he was a member of the Ministry of Water Resources. Notes for friends in the north on a rainy night; Untitled (Li Shangyin); Meet each other late; Fishermen are proud of Qiu Si; Huanxisha (Yan Shu); Dengfeilai Peak; Jiangchengzi Mizhou went hunting; Water tune song head; Visit Shanxi village; Get out of the queue and force Chen Tongfu to send it; Crossing the ocean; Tianjingsha Qiu Si; Mountain slope sheep Tongguan nostalgia; Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems; An autumn night in a mountain high school: Meng (compulsory one); Li Sao (compulsory 1); Epang Palace Fu (compulsory 2); Free travel (compulsory 2); Red wall fu (compulsory 2); Difficult access to the Shu Road (compulsory 3); Mountain climbing (compulsory 3); Pipa (compulsory 3); Jinse (compulsory 3); Yu Meiren (compulsory 3); Read Slave Red Cliff Nostalgia (compulsory 3); Nostalgia of Gu Bei Pavilion in Yonghe Lejingkou (compulsory 3); Persuasion (compulsory 4); The teacher said (compulsory four) I'm sorry, I just relaxed after the college entrance examination for more than a month, so I remembered these.
If you are free, recite the pronunciation and idioms and you will pass the college entrance examination.
5. A compulsory course in Chinese for senior one, and a compulsory course in reciting poems in classical Chinese. 1: A passage from Qinyuanchun Changsha, Rainy Lane, Farewell to Cambridge, and Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin were all given to them for nothing. When we get to Yishui, that's the granddaddy. Take the main road. Gao Jianli crashed into the building and Jing Ke. After a generous feather, many scholars were dumbfounded and their fingers were crowned. So Jing Ke drove the car away, and finally ignored it. There are also two required books: Tao Yuanming's The Book of Songs (which our teacher asked to recite); two: Mencius, Cai Wei and Li Sao; and three: Caijiang. The farther the risk, the fewer people. However, the outlandish, magnificent and otherworldly outlook often lies in risks, and people are so rare that people without will can't reach it. People with lofty ideals don't stop there, and those who are unable to do so can't reach it. They have ambition and strength, but they don't slack off. As for darkness and chaos, there is nothing to see. Those who can't do what I want can have no regrets, so who can laugh at them? So is the rest of the income.
6. Chinese in senior high school (compulsory 1, 2) requires the ancient poem "Five-person Tomb Monument" (Zhang Pu). When Wei Zhongxian rebelled, officials and people could not change their own records. How many people could there be in China? But these five lives are among the people, and they have never been educated in books, but they can be inspired by the great righteousness and have no hesitation. What is the truth? Moreover, there are countless rectification letters, grasping the party and the world; The pawn struck with the anger of our county and dared not punish again.
Great castration is also afraid of righteousness, unusual and difficult to explode. It is not the strength of five people who can wait for the saints to come out and jump into the road! From the it point of view, today's high position is obvious. Once you make amends, or escape, you can't tolerate it. There are also people who cut their hair and Dumen, who pretend that they don't know what they are doing, but also insult people and do what they do, and they are as dead as death. Therefore, the Duke of Zhou was loyal to the imperial court, and gave him a beautiful gift behind him. Five people could also add earth seals on the levee and list their names.
People from all corners of the country, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people, all people will meet forever. Otherwise, if five people are allowed to protect their leader and make him older than Hu, they will do their best to make him a hero, mourn his grave and express his sorrow. Therefore, for the gentlemen of the reunion, the mourners have their own stones, which can be remembered; It is also because of life and death that the husband is more important than the country.
Famous sentences in Li Sao (Qu Yuan) (descendants of Emperor Levin). (1) Take a long breath to hide your tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives.
(2) also more kindness xi, although nine died without regret. (3) Ruman Manqi Xiu Yuan Xi, I will search up and down.
Philosophical Sentences in Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong (Wei Zhi). Older people who seek wood must be solid; Those who want to flow far away will dig their springs; A man who considers national security will accumulate his morality.
The source is not deep, but it flows far. Roots are not solid, but seek the length of wood. If virtue is not thick, the country will be safe. Although I am stupid, I know it is impossible, but it is wise to assess the situation. Hundreds of heads of state, bearing the fate of heaven and earth, are complicated at first, but few are stubborn at last. Resentment is not great, but people are to be feared; You should be careful when transporting a boat and capsizing it.
In the last paragraph of Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (excerpt), Lian Po said: "I am General Zhao, who has made great contributions to the siege field, while Lin Xiangru is above me. And I'm too ashamed to do it! " The declaration said, "If I see each other, I will feel humiliated."
I heard about each other and refused to attend the meeting. Like every dynasty, he often claimed to be ill and didn't want to compete with Lian Po.
I always like to go out and see Lian Po, and I like to lead cars to hide. So Mr. Scheeren said to the admonition officer, "I went to my relatives' house to serve you, and I admire your noble righteousness."
Today, you and Lian Po are in the same column. You are afraid to hide your evil words, and your fear is great. And mediocrity is still shameful. What is the situation? I have been waiting for you. Please resign. "
Lin Xiangru stopped him and said, "Who do you think is better, General Lian or the King of Qin?" Say, "If not." Xiang Ru said, "My husband used the power of the king of Qin, but Xiang Ru scolded him and humiliated his ministers.
Although you are very similar, are you afraid of even the general? Gu Wu saw that Qiang Qin did not dare to send more soldiers to Zhao Zhe because we are all here. Nowadays, the two tigers are at odds.
Therefore, for this reason, I take national emergency first, and then take personal grievances. Hearing this, Lian Po was naked and ashamed. Because the guest came to Lin Xiangru Gate to apologize, he said, "I didn't know the general was so generous!" The Analects of Confucius Ji will attack Zhuan Xu.
Li Ranguo, Ji Dao and Confucius said that war should be used against Liu. "Confucius said," beg! Is innocence too much? My husband, a former king, thinks he is the Lord of the East, and he is also a minister of the country in the field of the country.
Why cut it? You Ran said, "The master wants it, but my two ministers don't want it." Confucius said, "beg! Zhou Renyou said:' Chen Li is in the column, and those who can't stop it are also.
What will you do if you don't seize the danger and help? What's more, I have gone too far. A tiger is born out of its nest, but a turtle and jade are destroyed in the rafters. Who is to blame? You Ran said: "Today's husband is full of wrinkles, solid and close to expenses. If you don't take it today, future generations will worry about future generations. " Confucius said, "beg! A sick gentleman will say' what he wants' and do it.
Qiu also heard that people with state-owned families do not suffer from inequality because of widowhood, nor do they feel anxious because of poverty. There is no poverty, no poverty and no peace.
If the husband is like this, he will not accept it if he is far away. Since Wende, he has cultivated himself. Let nature take its course Today, from seeking to seeking, I am like a master. I can't come when others are far away from me. The country is falling apart, and I can't keep it. But what I am afraid of is internal troubles and foreign invasion, not in the noise, but in the wall. "
"I am for the country" Liang said: "I am for the country, I am dedicated. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi.
Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me.
There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country. Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the analogy of war. Drum filling, weapon company, abandoned armor troops go, or stop at a hundred steps, or stop at fifty steps.
What if the pot is too black? Said, "No, if you don't take a hundred steps, you will." "
He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't beat the grain.
If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used.
Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
Five acres of houses, trees are mulberry, and fifty people can wear clothes and silks. Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road.
Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing. Dogs don't know what to do when they eat people, and they don't know what to do when they are hungry.
When people die, they say,' If it weren't for me, I would be old.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? He said,' Not me, but a soldier.
If the king is innocent, what is the world like? "It's hard to sigh! High risk! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky! Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age! Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai.
And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, all the way to the peak of Emei. Once it was broken by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone pile was hooked.
On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel. Such a height is difficult for a yellow crane, poor monkey, they only have claws to use.
The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound. Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, and then fell to the ground with our arms folded and groaned.
We don't know whether this road to the west will never end. The road ahead is getting darker and darker. Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird.
Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain. It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. It turns pale when you smell it! .
7. High school must recite ancient poems. First of all, the requirements and methods of reading classical Chinese are simply reading, understanding and reciting.
Reading, understanding, reciting and reading are the core, key and foothold of classical Chinese learning. The so-called reading, Mr. Zhu Ziqing once said: "Reading is a teaching process, and its purpose is to cultivate students' understanding ability and writing ability. When teaching, the old teacher reads first, then the students follow, and then the students practice reading and sometimes recite. Besides reciting, you can read books. "
It can be seen that in reading teaching, in addition to the teacher's demonstration reading, what students have to do is "follow", "practice reading", "recite" and "read". In other words, reading aloud is a learning process that students actively participate in and explore under the guidance of teachers. Among them, reading is the key.
To study, you must first listen to the old normal school. What should I learn from the teacher's model essay reading? Please see Mr. Liang Shiqiu recalling his teacher Mr. Xu Jincheng's lecture: xu teacher recited the full text after introducing the author, which was very interesting.
..... Both ancient and vernacular Chinese are like an actor reciting his lines, and he seems to vent all the meanings contained in the text. He speaks with rhythm, rhythm, emotion, momentum and cadence. After listening, we seem to have understood half the meaning of the original text.
A good article has a golden voice, which may be exaggerated, but it must be catchy, but it is true. It can be seen from here that the tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum, cadence and implied meaning of the article should be expressed by reciting.
While listening to the teacher's demonstration reading, students will soon get the first and most intuitive impression and understanding of the article, thus stimulating their desire to read aloud, so as to further "understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works." Tone, inflexibility, mood, momentum, cadence and the meaning contained in words can't be learned at once, but students gradually realize, comprehend and perceive it in the reading process of listening to the model essay, following it and practicing reading.
Pay special attention to the following points: first, correct pronunciation. This is because there are many uncommon words in classical Chinese, as well as interchangeable words, polyphonic words and broken words.
Generally speaking, these words are pronounced in the text notes, so read them carefully according to the phonetic notation. Here we should focus on the problem of "broken reading".
The so-called "broken reading" is to distinguish different meanings or parts of speech by changing the pronunciation of words. For example, "clothing" is pronounced as Y when a noun is used, and Y when a verb is used (dressing); "Eating" means eating, while reading "Si" means giving others food.
However, some broken sounds have entered modern Chinese, and there are also notes in general dictionaries, such as beautiful "good" (adjective) reading H m 4 o, favorite "good" (verb) reading H ao, difficult "difficult" (adjective) reading nán, and disaster "difficult" reading nàn and so on. However, there is no special distinction between some broken pronunciations, such as Ye Gong's "Ye", which used to be pronounced shè, but now it can be pronounced yè.
Mastering broken reading is necessary to distinguish the meaning of parts of speech and deepen the understanding of classical Chinese. Second, pay attention to pause.
Including intra-sentence pause and inter-sentence pause. Being able to correctly distinguish between intra-sentence pauses and inter-sentence pauses shows a correct understanding of sentence levels and general ideas, which should be achieved through reading in the training of understanding words and sentence meanings.
In addition, we should pay attention to pronunciation, reading language, and so on. In fact, reading aloud is a learning process based on preliminary understanding, which requires repeated familiarity with the text and gradual deepening of understanding until it can be recited.
We don't approve of tedious grammatical analysis and mechanical memorization of noun terms in classical Chinese learning, nor do we advocate the so-called rigid execution of words and sentences. We advocate learning classical Chinese, understanding in reading, understanding in reading, accumulating language materials in reading, and finally making classical Chinese a part of our language habits.
In this learning process, reading, memory and understanding are carried out simultaneously. What we mean by knowing classical Chinese mainly refers to the overall understanding and grasp of the content of the article.
This understanding and grasp should be: ① around the whole content; (2) Pay attention to the communication of meaning; ③ Focus on the chapters of the article. As for reciting, it is also determined by the particularity of classical Chinese learning.
Memorization of words, understanding of words and expressions, and grasping the ideological content of works can all be achieved by reciting. Moreover, concepts and rules are not the most important in language learning. You can speak, write and read without memorizing rules. Language learning means practicing, using and then understanding.
Therefore, Chinese learning needs reciting, while classical Chinese learning emphasizes reciting more. Being able to "read classical poetry and simple classical Chinese, understand the meaning of words and the ideological content of works" mainly depends on the continuous accumulation of recitation.
Therefore, the newly revised Chinese syllabus for primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools stipulates the number of reciting. Among them, primary school recited 80 ancient poems, junior high school recited 20 classical Chinese poems, 50 ancient Chinese poems, senior high school recited 20 classical Chinese poems and 50 poems.
It is not difficult to memorize all these articles to meet the requirements of reading classical Chinese. We advocate reading classical poetry and classical Chinese, and basically recite them in class.
Reciting, of course, also pays attention to methods. The chunk memory method I summarized in the past is one of them.
For example, meaning chunks: the way to remember chunks according to the meaning of the article; Outline chunk: the method of memorizing outline chunks of hierarchical content is applied; Keyword chunk: grasp the main idea and outline of the article through keyword chunk, and in turn master the memory method of words; Abbreviated sentence chunks: the way to abbreviate sentences into phrases to form chunks; In addition, there are sentence groups, central sentence blocks, related word blocks and so on. Limited to space, we won't discuss it.
Reciting depends on constant * * * and reinforcement. Mr. Feng Zikai warned his children to learn and pay attention to a method of "reading".
The traditional stroke of reading Chinese characters is 22 paintings, so he asked each poem to be read 22 times. In this way, the mantra will be familiar and will never be forgotten.
In the past, private schools paid attention to "memorizing", that is, every time you memorized a familiar article, you had to repeat what you had learned before, that is, to read the second article, you had to repeat 1-2 articles and read the third article.
8. High school must recite ancient poems and classical Chinese.