Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love. It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.
The phase of a lady, pitching for a lifetime, or taking a bosom, realizing a room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When he is happy with what he has encountered, he will temporarily get it from himself and soon become self-sufficient. He never knew that old age was coming. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
Every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if I unite, I will lament the article, which can't be compared to the things in my chest. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
Writing background
On the third day of March (AD 353) in the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (Sima Dan), Wang Xizhi and 4/kloc-0 celebrities such as Sun Chuo, Xie An and Shi Zhidun gathered in Lanting for a banquet. Everyone at the meeting had poems, which were later compiled into collections. Preface to Lanting Collection is the preface written by Wang Xizhi for this collection of poems. Preface, that is, the name of style, is a kind of text that gives an outline and discusses the main idea of books and articles, which is equivalent to preface.
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Xizhi (AD 32 1-379): Shao Yi, a native of Linyi County in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, lived in Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He once served as Jiangzhou secretariat, Huiji civil history and general of the right army. He is the most famous calligrapher in the history of our country, and is known as the "book saint".
Analysis of Lanting
Preface to Lanting Collection is also known as Preface to He Lin, Praise for Iron, Preface to Lanting March 3rd, etc. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Jin Mu (AD 353), Wang Xizhi, then a historian of literature and history, and his friends Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 4/0 people gathered in Lanting to compose poems and drink wine. Wang Xizhi compiled a collection of famous poets and their poems, and made a preface, describing the swimming event and expressing the inner feelings caused by it. This preface is Preface to Lanting Collection. This preface is greatly influenced by Shi Chong's Preface to Jingu Poetry, and its achievement is far above that of Jingu Poetry. ?
The article first describes the time, place and participants of the meeting, which is concise. Then describe the natural environment and surrounding scenery where Lanting is located. The language is concise and orderly. Describe the scenery from the big picture, from far and near, to near and far, to infinity. First write about mountains and rivers, then write about clean water and turbulence, and then write about the activities of characters and the combination of modality and movement downstream. Then add natural search, from clear blue sky and faint spring breeze, naturally push to the vast universe and everything in the world. The artistic conception is graceful and elegant, and the mood is cheerful and smooth. Lanting banquet can be described as "four beauties and two difficulties".
However, there is no such thing as a banquet that must come to an end. The so-called "joy begets sorrow" is a common emotion of people, although people have different choices and temperaments. Just when I felt extremely happy for what I longed for and finally got, in an instant, all this became the past. Human life is no exception. The so-called "I don't know that the old times are coming" (in Confucius' language), "Old Ran Ran is coming" (in Quyuan's language) and "Life is between heaven and earth, and elections fly suddenly" (19 ancient poems) cannot but arouse people's feelings. Every time I think that a person will eventually die no matter how long he lives, it makes people feel extremely sad and sad. If the previous paragraph is a narrative description, then this paragraph is a discussion and lyric. The author expressed his yearning and persistent enthusiasm for life in the sigh that life is short and life is not alive. ?
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, metaphysics prevailed for a time, and most of the scholars used Zhuangzi's "Homogeneous Theory" as an excuse to pretend to be enlightened and dismissive. Wang Xizhi is also an eloquent scholar, but he is different from other scholars in political thought and life ideal. He once said: "Empty talk about waste things and superficial articles hinder the main point" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Remarks). In this preface, Wang Xizhi also explicitly accused "Field of Life and Death" and "Mourning of Peng Qi" as an illusory outlook on life, which clearly affirmed the value of life. ?
This article is fresh and unpretentious in style. The language is fluent, beautiful and moving, which is quite different from the work of Mo Shan Pan Shui in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Couples Fight for a Strange Sentence (Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi). The sentence patterns are neat and diverse, mainly short sentences, and even sentences are added to the scattered sentences, which are harmonious in rhythm and pleasant to listen to. ?
The ins and outs of Lanting
Huiji Mountain is quiet and has beautiful scenery. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many celebrities lived here, talking about metaphysics and Taoism. In the 9th year of Jin Yonghe (353), on the 3rd day of the 3rd lunar month, Wang Xizhi, who was "the first person to go to Zhejiang with lofty aspirations", held an elegant collection in Lanting of Huiji Mountain (now at the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain outside Shaoxing City). These celebrities include Situ Xie 'an, Ci writer Sun Chuo, Xie Wan, the son and nephew of the monk Zhi Daolin, and Ning Zhi.
March in the south of the Yangtze River is usually rainy and drizzling, but this day is particularly sunny, with mountains and lush trees, bamboo cultivation, sunny weather, swift streams and quiet and pleasant scenery. The main content of Lanting Ji Ya is embroidery, which is an ancient custom in China. On the fourth day of the first lunar month (the penultimate day), people hold sacrificial ceremonies at the water's edge, soak herbs in water, or bathe and wash dirt, feel the spring, and pray for the elimination of diseases and ominous.
Another project of Lanting Ji Ya is running water. Forty-two celebrities sat on both sides of the winding stream, and then buddhist nun put the pouring feather into the stream and let it flow down. If the feather of pouring wine stagnates in front of anyone, he will have to write poems. If you can't sing poetry, you will be fined three cups. Lanting Ya Ji, eleven people each wrote two songs, fifteen people each wrote one, sixteen people failed to write one, and three cups were fined, and Wang Xianzhi, Wang Xizhi's youngest son, was also fined. Poets in the Qing Dynasty used to make fun of Wang Xianzhi with limerick. "But I laugh at Wu Wangyi, and Lanting will have no poetry."
Everyone put the poems together and recommended the convener of this gathering, the respected Wang Xizhi, to write a preface and record this exquisite collection. So, Wang Xizhi rode a horse drunk and wrote 28 lines and 324 words on silkworm paper with a eight-character pen, which was praised as "the best running script in the world" by later generations.
Preface to Lanting is a well-known and beautiful prose with brilliant literary talent and delicate words. It breaks the routine, finds a new way, does not stick to the old pattern, is wonderful and elegant, and it is refreshing whether it is lyrical scenery writing or commenting on historical records. Although the mentality is inconsistent, it is still positive on the whole, especially in the atmosphere of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. When talking about metaphysics, it is particularly valuable to put forward that "death is a false life, and Peng Qizhi's grief is a mistake". The greater achievement of Preface to Lanting Collection lies in its calligraphy art, which is light, ethereal and natural. Charming and elegant with a pen; The technique is both peaceful and strange, and the size is uneven. There are both elaborate artistic ingenuity and no traces of artificial carving, which is natural. Among them, the same words are written in different ways, such as "Zhi", "Yi" and "Wei", and each has its own changes, especially the word "Zhi", which has achieved the effect of artistic diversity and unity. Preface to Lanting Collection is the representative work of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art and a peak in the history of China's calligraphy art, which has nourished generations of calligraphers.
In structure and composition, emotion is a clue, emotion is expressed in narrative, and reason is based on emotion. In the first paragraph, in the beautiful realm, the word "joy" is written emphatically, and the word "pain" in the second paragraph is extracted from joy. After some painful thinking, I felt infinite sadness, and finally ended with the word "sadness". The emotional color is completely different, but the transition before and after is appropriate and natural. ?
The author wrote this article with his exquisite calligraphy. It is said that the original was put in his grave by Li Shimin. However, we can still see his spirit of "Yue Long crouching tiger" from his copywriting. "Mao Tie" is called "the best running script in the world", and Dong Qichang's "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms" says: "The composition is the first in ancient and modern times, and its words have a reflection, big or small, and whatever you like, you will enter the law."
The replica of Feng Chengsu, now on display at Wang Youjun Temple in Lanting, is kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing, with the small seal of "Dragon" on it (the year number of Tang Zhongzong), which is the ironclad proof that it is a replica of the Tang Dynasty. Dragon Book is the closest existing manuscript to Wang Xizhi's original work. Because of its meticulous hook and vivid lines, not only the ink color is dry and moist, but also the sharpness of writing, the bifurcation of broken pen and the hairspring between turns are very realistic, from which we can see Wang Xizhi's wonderful pen, frustration and twists and turns when writing.
Preface to Lanting Collection is a treasure recognized by the world, which has been treasured in the Wang family and passed on to his seventh Sun Zhiyong. Zhiyong became a monk in Yongxin Temple in Shaoxing when he was a teenager, and has been studying Wang Xizhi's original works for more than 30 years. Before Zhiyong died, he passed the Preface to Lanting Collection to his disciples. Debate on calligraphy and painting, and collect Preface to Lanting Collection, which is hidden in the pavilion and never shown to others. Later, he was deceived by Shi Xiaoyi, a supervisor sent by Emperor Taizong. After Emperor Taizong got the Preface to Lanting Collection, he was a treasure. And ordered Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and other calligraphers to write. The calligrapher of Hong Wen Pavilion, headed by Feng Chengsu, was also ordered to copy the original into several copies and give them to the princes. After the death of Emperor Taizong, the courtiers followed his testamentary edict and buried the original Preface to the Orchid Pavilion as a sacrifice in Zhaoling.