Freehand brushwork is a painting method of traditional Chinese painting. The brush is not demanding on details, but focuses on the expression of expression and the expression of the author's taste. It is an expression technique that is simple in form but rich in meaning. "Freehand brushwork" is opposite to "gongbi", and gongbi is also called "fine-stroke painting". It belongs to a category of Chinese painting techniques and is symmetrical with "freehand painting". Gongbi painting belongs to a neat and meticulous painting method, such as the courtyard paintings of the Song Dynasty and the figure paintings of Qiu Ying of the Ming Dynasty.
1. Classification of freehand painting:
1. Freehand figure painting
The fifth generation Shi Ke's lt; the second ancestor's mind-adjusting picture gt; In the Southern Song Dynasty, Liang Kai, a painter of the Southern Song Dynasty, developed figure painting with reduced strokes and created a new trend. He also created the large-stroke splash-ink method and became a representative painter of freehand figure painting. His work "Splash-ink Immortal" Pictures gt;, lt; Li Taibai's chanting picture gt; etc. all use bold and concise brushwork to vividly express the charm of the characters. In modern times, since the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, there have been many painters who are good at freehand ink painting of figures, gradually forming a major trend in Chinese figure painting. ?
2. Freehand flower-and-bird painting
Freehand flower-and-bird painting is one of the traditional arts of the Chinese nation. It is a traditional art that pays attention to inner spiritual cultivation, charm and artistic conception. It is characterized by a high degree of generalization and conciseness. It does not require meticulous workmanship, but uses concise pen and ink, and summarizes the language to seek its large form, great spirit, grandeur, great quality, great trend, great interest, and great artistic conception. It has a distinctive artistic style. , unique aesthetic rules, special pen and ink language and expression techniques, flower-and-bird painting initially only appeared as a background for figure paintings. Starting from the Tang Dynasty, flower-and-bird painting became an independent subject and became an indispensable banner of Chinese painting.
3. Freehand landscape painting
The painting method of landscape painting is both realistic and imagistic, and is expressive. In essence, it is to use realistic techniques to achieve the state of "writing things with extreme appearance". Expressing the sense of quality and space of mountains, rivers, clouds and trees, as well as the beauty of weather changes such as seasons, wind, rain, and snow, is an important topic that landscape painters devote themselves to exploring. However, the painting method of Chinese landscape painting is not a pure copy of nature in the photographic style of Western landscape painting. The mountains, rivers, clouds and trees in landscape paintings are the product of the subjective image processing of the painter. As Huang Binhong, the master of landscape painting, said: "Mountains and rivers are natural things, but drawings are artificial things." In landscape paintings, mountains, rivers, clouds and trees are the hills and valleys in the mind created by the painter according to nature. Therefore, most of the accomplished landscape painters in the past have followed the spirit of "learning from outside and getting the heart from within", constantly exploring the mysteries of nature, capturing the feelings of mountains and waters, and honing their expression methods and artistic language to express their own souls.
2. The method of using brushes in freehand painting
1. The intention of the brushwork
It means that the intention comes first. When the painter writes, he must use his heart and his wrists to use a kind of brushwork. Only when specific emotions and thoughts drive the pen and ink can images be formed according to the intention and the meaning expressed through the images. The intention of the pen is the key to using the pen, and the unintentional pen is a dead pen. The art created by painters of all ages is exciting mainly because the painters incorporated passion and interest into their brush and ink techniques.
2. Pen power
It is the sense of strength of the pen and is an important factor in formal beauty. The sense of strength of the pen has two connotations: the first is the strength of the skill, which expresses the degree of skill in using the pen, which is said to be "old" and "young". Mastery of skills requires a long-term process of tempering. A painter with skillful skills can still make soft and hard lines, with needles hidden in cotton, and inner strength. Therefore, writing skills is a long-term effort. The second is the power of breath. The way to use luck is to first have a strong intention before writing, to concentrate and calm down, and then use the mind to guide the energy, and use the energy to guide the energy of the whole body from the arms to the wrists, from the wrists to the fingers, and then from the fingers. Focus on the tip of the pen, and let the force naturally come out of the tip of the pen. Avoid being tense and angry on the surface.
3. Pen rhyme
The so-called pen rhyme has two meanings: charm and rhythm. The charm requires that the unity and harmony of the picture be achieved through changes in the weight, virtuality, firmness and softness, squareness and circle, slow movements, pauses and setbacks of the pen. Just like music, there is a tone, a theme. Rhythm means using the pen to have a sense of movement and rhythm.
Like calligraphy, pay attention to the rhythm of the line, "the side method is like a bird flipping down", "the method is like the reins of a galloping horse", "light like the movement of clouds and flowing water", "heavy like the force of falling rocks from a mountain".
4. Biqu
Biqu has two meanings: interesting and natural. Only by using interesting brushwork can the viewer enjoy the pleasure and enjoy beauty. Therefore, interesting brushwork is the key to creating formal beauty in paintings. The joy of using a pen lies in skillfully handling the relationship between the pen's rawness and maturity, clumsiness, age and tenderness. Practice with the pen will make you perfect, and the beauty will be beautiful, but it will fall into the craftsmanship and market spirit. Therefore, the importance of brushwork comes from being cooked before being born, from being cooked to being born again, "when painting is raw, it is when it is cooked", which is what makes it interesting. It is not easy to use the pen dexterously and skillfully, but you must be careful of being too sweet and vulgar. Therefore, the importance of using a pen lies in its simplicity, from skill to clumsiness, simplicity and uprightness, which is the vitality of life.
Reference materials
Baidu Encyclopedia: /item/E58699E6848F
Baidu Encyclopedia: /doc/6510216-6723939.html