The poem "It is the endless treasure of the Creator, and the perfect place for me and my son" comes from a poem "Chibi Fu" written by the Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi, which means that this is a great poem. You and I can enjoy the endless treasures of nature's gifts together.
Original text of the work:
"Ode to Red Cliff"
Su Shi [Song Dynasty]
In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su Zi Go boating with guests under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to the guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is as if Feng Xu is riding the wind without knowing where it is going; the flutteringness is as if he is left alone in the world, becoming an immortal and ascending to immortality. (Feng Tong: Ping)
So he drank and enjoyed himself very much, and he buckled the ship and sang. The song goes: "The osmanthus sticks are covered with orchid oars, hitting the sky is bright and tracing the stream of light. It is dim and vague, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings along with it. His voice was whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping, and complaining; the lingering sound was lingering like a wisp. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.
Su Zi was stunned. He sat upright and asked the guest: "Why is this so?" The guest said: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Is this not a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west Xiakou, looking east to Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green. Isn't this what Meng De was trapped in Zhou Lang? Drinking by the river, writing poems across the river, I have been a hero for a lifetime. How can I live now? . Send the mayfly to the sky, a drop in the vast ocean. I feel sorry for my life, and I admire the infiniteness of the Yangtze River. I carry the flying fairy to fly, and I know it is unexpected, and it is left in the sad wind." p>
Su Zi said: "Do guests also know that water and the moon are like this? Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet passed away; those who are full and empty are like that, but their soldiers are not waxing and waning. Look at the changes in Gaijiang, Then the heaven and the earth cannot last for a moment; from the perspective of being unchanging, things and I are endless, and how can I envy it! Between the heaven and the earth, everything has its own owner, not even a single bit of it belongs to me. Take. Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be picked up by the ears and become sounds, and the eyes can see them and form colors. They can be taken without restraint and used inexhaustibly. These are the infinite treasures of the Creator, and this is where I and my son belong. It’s perfect.”
The guests smiled happily and drank more wine after washing their cups. The core of the food is gone, and the cups and plates are in a mess. The couple and their pillows were spread out in the boat, unaware of the whiteness of the east.
Vernacular translation:
In the autumn of the Renxu year, on the 16th day of the seventh month, my friends and I went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze blows in waves, and the water surface becomes calm. He raised his glass to persuade his companions to drink, and recited the chapter "Young and Graceful" in "The Bright Moon". After a while, the bright moon rose from behind the East Mountain and moved back and forth between the constellations Dipper and Ox. The white water vapor stretches across the river, and the water light reaches the sky. Let the boat float like a reed leaf at will, crossing the vast and boundless river. The vast waves seem to be traveling in the sky on the wind, not knowing where they will stop. They are fluttering and swaying as if they are about to leave the world and fly away, transforming into immortals and entering the fairyland.
At this time, I was very happy drinking and singing to the beat. The song goes like this: "The osmanthus wooden boat oars and the pandan oars beat the clear waves under the moonlight, and swim upstream on the moonlit water. My feelings are far away and boundless, and I look at the beauty (the monarch), but in the On the other side of the sky." There are guests who can play the dongxiao, and they accompany the singing with the rhythm. The sound of the dongxiao sobs: like sorrow and longing, like sobbing and talking, the lingering sound echoes on the river, as continuous as a thin thread. Continuously. It can make the dragons in the deep valley dance for it, and the widow on the lonely boat weep.
My expression also became sad. I straightened my clothes and sat up straight, and asked the guest: "Why is the flute sounding so sad?" Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong Mengde? From here, you can see Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east. The mountains and rivers are endless, and the sky is lush and green as far as the eye can see.
Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? When he captured Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and sailed eastward along the Yangtze River, his warships stretched thousands of miles from end to end, with flags covering the sky. He poured wine in front of the river, held his spear across the river and recited poems. He was originally a leader of the world. A heroic figure, but where is he now? What's more, you and I fished and chopped firewood on the small island in the river, with fish and shrimp as companions and elk as friends. We drove this small boat on the river, raising our glasses to toast each other, just like mayflies in the vast world. , as small as a grain of corn in the sea. Alas, we lament that our life is only a short moment, and we can't help but envy the endlessness of the Yangtze River. I want to travel around the world hand in hand with the immortals, embrace the bright moon and live forever in the world. Knowing that the above ideas cannot be realized at once, I have no choice but to turn my regrets into the sound of a flute and entrust it in the sad autumn wind. ”
I asked: “Do you also know about the water and the moon?” The river water is always flowing, but they do not flow away; the moon is always round and missing, but it does not increase or decrease after all. It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, everything in the world is changing all the time, even in the blink of an eye; from the unchanging side of things, everything is eternal to us, and there are What is there to envy? What's more, everything in heaven and earth has its own master. If you don't have what you deserve, you can't get even a penny. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains become sounds when heard, and shapes are drawn when they enter the eyes. No one will stop them from getting them, and there will be no exhausting worries when they feel them. This is an endless treasure gifted by nature, and you and I can enjoy it together. ”
The guests smiled happily, washed the wine glasses and drank again. The dishes and fruits were all finished, and the cups and plates were in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat with pillows on each other, and unknowingly the white sky was revealed in the east Dawn.
Word notes:
Renxu (rén xū): In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, the year was Renxu. In ancient times, the year was marked by the stems and branches.
Jiwang: The 15th day of each month in the lunar calendar is "Wangri", and the 16th day is "Jiwang".
Xing: rise.
Generator (zhǔ): pour, extended to drink.
The poem of the bright moon: refers to "The Book of Songs·Chen Feng·Yue Chu".
The chapter of graceful (yǎotiǎo): The first chapter of the poem "Chen Feng·Moonrise" is: "The moonrise is bright, the outstanding people are here, the gentle and graceful are here, and the hard work is quiet." "Yaojiu" is the same as "Yaoyou".
Shaoyan: a while.
Bullfighting: the name of the constellation, namely Dou Su (Nandou) and Niu Su.
Bailu: A vast expanse of water. Hengjiang: Across the river.
The second sentence of "Zongyiwei": Let the boat float on the wide river. "Yiwei" is a metaphor for a very small boat. "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·He Guang": "Who calls He Guang a river? "Like, go. Ling, cross. Ten thousand hectares, extremely wide river surface. Blurred, vast and far away.
Feng (píng) Xu Yufeng: to fly in the sky by the wind. Feng Xu, out of the air, volleying in the sky. Feng, "Ping", "Void", control, control.
Leave the world.
It is said that people who become immortals can be like having wings. Ascend. Climb to the fairyland.
Knock on the side of the boat and beat the beat.
Gui Chu (zhào) orchid oar: Made of osmanthus. , an oar made of orchid.
Kong Ming: The clear color of the moon reflected in the water. Streaming light: The moonlight flashing on the water waves. A distant look.
Beauty: a metaphor for a beautiful ideal or a good king.
In tune with the tone of the song.
Appreciation of the work:
This poem describes what the author and his friends saw and felt when they went boating on a moonlit night in Red Cliff. It takes the author’s subjective feelings as clues and reflects the author’s experience of the moonlit night through the form of question and answer. The comfort of boating, the sadness of remembering the past and regretting the present, and the optimism of spiritual liberation.
The whole Fu reflects its unique artistic conception in its layout and structural arrangement, with profound charm and penetrating ideas. It has a high literary status in Chinese literature and has had a significant influence on subsequent Fu, prose and poetry.
The first paragraph describes the scene of a night tour in Red Cliff. The author "boated with guests under Red Cliff", fell into the embrace of nature, and enjoyed the beauty of the breeze, white dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight, and skylight. When he was excited, he recited "The Book of Songs·Moon" The first chapter of "Out" "The moon rises brightly, and there are outstanding people and colleagues. It is comfortable and graceful, and the hard work is quiet." The bright moon is compared to a delicate beauty, looking forward to her rising. Echoing the poem "Moonrise", "A little while ago, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights." It also leads to the author's own song below: "Looking at the beauty in the sky", with consistent emotion and literary style. The word "wandering" vividly and vividly depicts the soft moonlight that seems to be extremely attached and affectionate to tourists. Under the bright moonlight, a vast white mist enveloped the river, and the skylight and water colors merged into one, as the saying goes, "Autumn water always has the same color as the sky" (Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion"). At this time, tourists are open-minded, comfortable and unrestrained, so "as far as a reed is concerned, the vast expanse of land is at a loss", riding a small boat, drifting with the waves on the vast and boundless river where "the waves are calm" The earth is separate from the world, detached and independent. The vast river and the free and easy mind leap out of the author's writing, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is the front part of the article describing the "boating" tour to enjoy the scenery. It uses the scenery to express emotions, blending the emotions into the scenery, and the scene is beautiful.
The second paragraph describes the joy of the author drinking and singing and the sad sound of the flute of the guests. The author was extremely happy drinking and singing while crouching down the boat to express his melancholy and frustration about missing the "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the author's ideal and the embodiment of all beautiful things. The song says: "The osmanthus is on the orchid oar, and the light is shining in the sky. The light is flowing. I feel the mist in my heart, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." These lyrics are all adapted from "Chu Ci·Shao Siming": "Looking at the beauty in the future , The meaning of "Songs of Havoc in the Wind" is embodied in the content of "Reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing the graceful chapter" above. Because he longed for the beautiful woman but could not see her, he had already expressed his frustration and sadness. In addition, the guests played the flute and sang in harmony with her. The tone of the flute was sad and resentful, "like resentment, like admiration, like crying, like complaining, and the lingering sound lingered endlessly." "Like a thread" actually caused the dragon hidden in the ravine to dance and made the widow who was alone in the boat cry. A Dongxiao song is sad and graceful, and its sad and low tone is deeply touching, causing the author's emotions to suddenly change, from joy to sadness, and the article also rises and falls due to this, and the literary spirit is lifted.
The writer's answer in the third paragraph shows a negative outlook on life and nihilistic thoughts. If human society is opposed to the universe and nature, and individual people are separated from society as a whole, then of course we cannot see the continuous performance of the majestic drama on the entire historical stage, nor can we see that although human beings are dependent on nature, they are more capable of transforming nature. Initiative and creativity are the epistemological roots of pessimistic world-weariness or negative transcendental thinking. For literati and officials in feudal society, when they were politically frustrated or encountered setbacks in life, they often fell into such depression and confusion. The same is true for Su Shi. Ke's answer is actually an aspect of Su Shi's thoughts and feelings after he was demoted to Huangzhou. Doesn't the poem "Niannujiao" also say "life is like a dream"? However, such thoughts and feelings, as an abstract understanding of social life, were expressed by Su Shi in a poetic language by combining the characteristics of the scenery and places, from history to reality, from the specific to the general, so that the readers will not feel any dullness at all. Didactic meaning. What's more important is that Su Shi also combined the characteristics of the scenery and place, and also used poetic language to criticize the guest's answer, showing another dominant aspect of Su Shi's thoughts and feelings at that time. The full text begins with "Su Zi said" And enter the fourth paragraph.
The fourth paragraph is Su Shi's statement of his own opinions on the guest's emotion about the impermanence of life, in order to relieve the other party. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "hold the bright moon forever". Su Shi used rivers and bright moons as metaphors and put forward the understanding that "the dead are like this, but they are not gone; the ups and downs are like that, but the dead are not waxing and waning."
If you look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is just a blink of an eye; if you look at it from the perspective of change, then things and human beings are endless, and there is no need to envy the rivers, the bright moon, and the heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "sorrow for a moment of my life". This reflects Su Shi's open-minded outlook on the universe and life. He favors looking at problems from multiple angles but does not agree to make them absolute. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptable mental state even in adversity. And can be freed from the uncertainty of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explained that everything in heaven and earth has its own owner and individuals cannot force it. The breeze on the river has sounds, the bright moon in the mountains has color, the mountains and rivers are endless, the wind and moon last forever, the heaven and earth are selfless, the sounds and colors are entertaining, and the author can just wander around and enjoy himself. This feeling and scene are due to Li Bai's "Song of Xiangyang": "You don't need a penny to buy the cool breeze and the bright moon, and Yushan has fallen by itself and no one can recommend it." It is further deepened.
Creative background:
"Chibi Fu" was written during one of the most difficult periods in Su Shi's life - when he was demoted to Huangzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was falsely accused of writing a poem that "slandered the imperial court." Because he wrote "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao", he was impeached by the censor and charged with slandering the imperial court. "Taiwan Poetry Case". "After several restorations," he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in December of that year and demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian, but he was "not allowed to sign official documents or go to the resettlement house without authorization." This was undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" controlled life. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi traveled to Red Cliff twice on July 16 and October 15, and wrote two poems on Red Cliff. Later generations called the first "Red Cliff Ode" and the second one. It is "Hou Chibi Fu".
About the author:
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). Son of Su Xun. During the Jiayou period (1056-1063), he became a Jinshi. He once wrote a letter to express the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new law. Later, he was sent to the imperial censor's prison and demoted to Huangzhou for writing poems that satirized the new law. Zhezong of the Song Dynasty was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy at that time. He once went to Hangzhou and Yingzhou, and became the Minister of the Ministry of Rites. Later he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. There are preferential policies everywhere. After his death, he was given the posthumous title Wenzhong. He is knowledgeable and likes to reward those who are advanced. Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, they are collectively known as "Three Su". His writing is vertical and horizontal, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems have broad themes, are fresh and bold, are good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is also known as "Su Huang". He is a bold and unrestrained poet, and is called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. He also works in calligraphy and painting. There are "Seven Collections of Dongpo", "Yi Zhuan of Dongpo", "Biography of Dongpo Shu", "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on.