Two. Image and artistic conception
1. image: it is the image in the poet's mind (including objective natural scenery, artificial landscape, objects, or life pictures, human parts, fictional gods, etc. Images are often formed by poets exaggerating or empathizing with things. For example, the Yellow River in "Three thousands of feet with White Hair" and "How the water of the Yellow River goes out of heaven into the ocean and never returns" is exaggerated. The flowers and birds in Yue Ming, whose petals are in tears, and the lonely birds sing their sorrows are all empathetic.
2. Artistic conception: it is the artistic realm achieved by describing something in the works. It refers to the artistic realm that combines the poet's aesthetic experience and personality interest, which can arouse readers' imagination and association and make people immersive. It is the result of the harmonious unity of the writer's thoughts and feelings and the image of his works. The artistic conception of poetry and songs is varied: some are magnificent and magnificent; Some are quiet and beautiful, euphemistic and deep. For example, the poem "Sword Armor" creates a sad and melancholy mood at the beginning, while "Looking at the Sea" shows a magnificent mood.
3. Proposition materials: short and pithy, well-known masterpieces in Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuan qu.
4. Examination angle: ideological content and expression.
Test center: appreciate the image, language and expression skills of the work, and evaluate the ideological content of the work and the author's views and attitudes. Specifically, it includes:
1. Understand the images in poems and songs;
2. Appreciate the artistic conception of poetry and the author's emotion and attitude;
3. Analyze the meaning and profound meaning of poetry and music language;
4. Try to figure out, scrutinize and understand the author's skills of refining words and expressing thoughts from the aspects of diction, sentence making and rhetoric;
5. Appreciate the rhetorical devices used in poems and songs and their functions, expressions and functions;
6. Evaluate the author's views and attitudes;
7. State the enlightenment, feelings and innovative ideas obtained from poems and songs.
Appreciation method of intransitive verbs
1. To understand images in poetry, we should not only focus on the literal meaning and superficial meaning of poetry, but also use association and imagination to understand the deep meaning of images (such as puns and synaesthesia in works).
2. To appreciate the artistic conception of poetry, we must grasp the scene in the poem and the atmosphere it presents, so as to understand and feel the feelings of people who are in this scene at this time.
3. The theme of a poem/word/song can be to express a specific life interest (such as Li Qingzhao's dream), explain a specific life phenomenon (such as Su Shi's title Xilinbi), enlighten a certain life value and philosophy (such as Gong Zizhen's "Miscellaneous Things in Jihai" and Liu Yuxi's "The First Meeting of Rewarding Lotte in Yangzhou"), and express one's ambition and feelings in poetry. Some are bold and unrestrained, and their feelings are heroic and heroic; Some send their feelings to mountains and rivers, and send their feelings to grief and indignation; Some lament fate and express cynicism; Some care about the country and the people, showing their broad mind. To appreciate the emotion and writing intention (especially the implication) of poems and songs, we should combine the specific content of poems with the author's thoughts, life experiences, times environment, life experiences and creative background. (For example, "Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge" should be combined with the background of the poet's scientific research failure to understand the poet's sadness, and Meng Haoran's "Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang")
4. Poetry speaks by images (that is, images and artistic conception), and there are few cases of expressing one's mind directly. Implication is the basic feature of poetry. Therefore, in order to analyze the significance and profound meaning of the musical language of poetry, we must understand the common ways to convey poetry in poetry: ① Emotion in scenery. Landscape is the carrier of emotion, and emotion is the soul of landscape. Scenery blending is the most common in poetry, which is manifested in touching or creating scenery because of emotion. (such as Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si") ② Consignment (symbol). When poets find that the attributes of things have something in common with their own moods, they often use this vivid and sensible image to reflect more abstract meanings and feelings. (For example, Untitled by Li Shangyin, Jihai Miscellaneous Poems by Gong Zizhen, and Gifts at the First Meeting in Yangzhou by Liu Yuxi) (3) Use the ancient to satirize the present. It describes ancient people and things, but conception actually refers to the social reality at that time. (For example, Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai" and Zhang's "Mountain Slope Sheep Tongguan Nostalgia"). 4 see the big because of the small. Reflect the general through the individual, or partially reflect the whole (generally reflect truth, law, dialectics, major social issues, etc.). ). (For example, Wang Anshi's climbing on the flying peak, Fang Lin's new leaves urge the morning night, and the waves in front of the running water make the waves behind), Du Mu's Chibi, Du Fu's longing for spring, and Bai Juyi's view of wheat harvesting)
5. The language characteristics of poetry are concise, vivid and vivid. Commonly used rhetorical devices include personification, metaphor, metonymy, pun, contrast, exaggeration, allusion and so on. Using allusions can express rich meanings in a few words, giving people a concrete and vivid impression, thus enhancing the expressive force and appeal of the works. To this end, the author often uses this to express his thoughts and feelings. )
6. Taste the artistic features of poems and songs, including lyrical way (see above), conception and expression. The commonly used artistic techniques/expressions of poetry and music include: writing quietness with movement/standing quietness with sound (such as "the cicada forest is quieter, and the Yin Gong Mountain is more secluded"), combining the virtual and the real (such as Xin Qiji's "Drunk War Despises the Sword"), rendering (such as Jia Jian), and setting off/contrasting (such as "Bai Xuege Farewell to Wu's Home").
7. The evaluation of works can be carried out from two aspects: one is its cultural value, which artistically reflects the true degree of life and the positive significance of ideological tendency; The second is its artistic value, vivid and profound image, and whether it has touching artistic charm.