-Read "Mount Taishan Cliff Stone Carvings, the volume of the worse gate"
Wang keyu
Mount Tai is famous all over the world because it is called "the only one of the five mountains" and has become the spiritual home of the Chinese nation. Because of the unique history and culture of Mount Tai. So what does the history and culture of Mount Tai come from? That is the treasure of Taishan's history and culture-stone carving.
Stone carving is one of the early forms of books. Carving on stones is a recording method used by many nationalities in the world. "Mo Jing Wen" said: "Books are to bamboo and silk, and carvings are to stone." It is proved that stones, like bronzes, have been used as text carriers in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Few early stone carvings have been handed down. Written on stone tablets and jade tablets, The Book of the Later Mameng was unearthed in the site of Jin State in Houma, Shanxi Province, and 10 stone drums engraved with more than 600 words and four-character poems were unearthed in Shaanxi Province, which are the remains of stone carvings in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
There are two types of stone carvings in China. One is stone carvings, such as copybooks, rubbings, records, books and so on. One is a book with stone carvings. For example, Mount Tai cliff stone carving and tombstone carving.
Guan Zi was quoted as saying in Historical Records: "There are seventy-two Zen founders in Mount Tai, but there are two journalists in Yiwu. Before, there was no Huai family to seal Mount Tai, and Zen was like this; ..... Yu Feng Taishan, Zen record; Tang Feng Taishan, Zen Yun Yun; Zhou Chengwang Feng Taishan, the first Yi Chan society "; "Zhuangzi" said: "There are two generations who changed their surnames to be kings, sealed Mount Tai and worshipped their fathers. There are 1,800 tangible stones. " Accordingly, some scholars think that Yu, Tang, etc. I also came to Mount Tai to worship Zen, and all of them carved stones to record their merits. So far, there is no physical evidence. But in any case, apart from Shi Guwen, Taishan stone carving and Qin Langyatai stone carving should be the ancestors of China stone carving, because it is not only confirmed by physical objects, but also recorded in historical books, and it is the earliest existing stone carving text source in China.
Guo Moruo said in Notes on Poems in Suiyuan: "Mount Tai should be said to be a partial microcosm of China's cultural history." Ji Xianlin also said: "Mount Tai is one of the main symbols of China culture. If we want to carry forward Chinese culture, we must first carry forward Taishan culture. This is a natural thing. " There are two important events that prove the mysterious relationship between Taishan culture and stone carving.
The first major event was that Qin Taishan's dramatic stone carving was recovered three times. When Qin Shihuang visited Mount Tai in the east, Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, sealed the handwriting to record the merits of Qin Shihuang's unification of China. The first half was carved in 2 19 BC, when Qin Shihuang traveled eastward to Mount Tai, with the word 144. The second half was carved in the first year of Qin Ershi Hu Hai's accession to the throne (209 BC), with 78 words and about 222 words. The only word left in Qin Ershi's imperial edict is 10, that is, "Please die when I am ill", also known as "Taishan Cross". Li Si is the founder of Xiao Zhuan in China, and the history of "Tongshu" originated here.
The stone carvings on Mount Tai in Qin Dynasty were lost because of the fire in Bi Xia Temple in the fifth year of Qing Qianlong. It was not until the twentieth year of Jiaqing, 75 years later, that two residual stones were found in the Jade Girl Pool at the top of the mountain, with the remaining word 10, so the residual stones were embedded in the Dongyue Temple in Daiding. Unexpectedly, in the 12th year of Qing Daoguang, the wall of Dongyue Temple collapsed, and then the remnant tablet was moved to the foot of the mountain and embedded in the tablet wall of Daimiao Temple. In the sixteenth year of Guangxu, the remnant tablet was stolen, and Taian County ordered the city to be closed for 10 days. Finally, the monument was retrieved under the North Gate Bridge and placed in the courtyard of Dai Temple. In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, he moved to the East Throne of the Temple.
After more than 2,200 years of vicissitudes, this national treasure, which is extremely precious in the history of China, the history of China characters and the history of China calligraphy, has only nine and a half words left. However, these dramatic changes have hardly affected the historical position of Taishan stone carvings. Since the Qin dynasty carved stone, Taishan stone carvings have become more and more rich and mature. They are real cursive seals, and there are countless books. There are more than 800 cliff stone carvings and more than 500 stone carvings, making it a natural museum of stone carving and calligraphy art in China, and the number of stone carvings ranks first among famous mountains in China. The stone carvings on Mount Tai make the stones on Mount Tai come alive, full of spirituality and thoughts; On the other hand, these smart stones make the natural mountains rich in culture, soul and thoughts. From June 65438 to February 65438+June 2007, Mount Tai was named "China Famous Calligraphy Mountain". This is the first one in China! It can be said that Taishan stone carving made Mount Tai.
The stone carvings on Mount Tai have won many honors for Mount Tai. It is an exception that Mount Tai is rated as the world's dual natural and cultural heritage, and its stone carvings rank first. This is the second big thing.
When China declared World Heritage in the late 1980s, there was only one category of "natural heritage", and the Ministry of Culture could only report it to UNESCO for approval. In May, 1987, Mr. Lucas, Vice Chairman of the National Parks and Protected Areas Committee of UNESCO, was very excited after visiting Mount Tai. He not only reveled in the natural scenery, but also praised the rich cultural heritage of Mount Tai. He said: "World heritage has different characteristics, either natural or cultural. Heritage with dual values is rarely in the same protected area, and Mount Tai is a heritage with dual values. This means that China has contributed a unique and special heritage. " "Mount Tai uniquely combines nature and culture and broadens the horizon in the concept of man and nature, which is China's great contribution to the world." 1987 65438+On February 9th, at the 11th World Heritage Conference held in Paris, Mount Tai became the world's first dual natural and cultural heritage, rewriting the classification of world heritage.
Nantianmen, located at the end of the 18th Pan, is the gateway to the top of Mount Tai. Looking up from the bottom, it looks like a palace in the sky. Ancient emperors came to Mount Tai to worship Zen, that is, to build an altar at Daiding to worship heaven, so as to realize the connection between heaven and man and pray for the peace of the country and the people. Daiding is a symbol of heaven. Visitors can reach the "fairyland" from the earth through the ladder and experience the artistic conception of "climbing Mount Tai like climbing to heaven". Daiding not only condensed the most beautiful natural and cultural landscape of Mount Tai, but also witnessed and remembered the origin and prosperity of Mount Tai's history and culture.
Shi Zhonghua, the author of Taishan Stone Carvings: South Gate Volume, is a cultural relic appraiser and a rookie in the study of Taishan Cliff Stone Carvings. He is not only a member of China Cultural Relics Society, but also a member of Beijing Collectors Association. I know Shi Zhonghua because * * * edited Mount Tai White Horse Stone Carving. In the past two years, as a Taishan cultural relic worker, he recorded the present situation of Taishan stone carvings with his own camera, drew a distribution map, and conducted on-the-spot investigation, measurement and labeling on each stone carving. This book is different from other Taishan stone carving books. It is based on roads, guided by the context of mountains and the distribution of cliff stone carvings in Nantianmen Scenic Area. It is roughly divided into 17 parts, and all the stone carvings in the area are photographed with a camera to show the original appearance of these cultural relics. For the convenience of readers, in front of each part, the number of stone carvings, inscriptions, inscriptions and poems in the interval is described in detail, and maps and rubbings are attached. Later, the position, content, age, size, word diameter, existing situation, source and general idea of the inscription were recorded in detail.
The publication of Mount Tai's stone carving "The Book of the Southern Tianmen" is a great achievement. This book is the most complete picture file of Mount Tai Daiding stone carving at present, and it is also a stone carving information book, which highlights the value of China's calligraphy. At the same time, it is also a book to popularize stone culture, and let everyone know that it is not only "Shi Gandang" that is deeply rooted in people's hearts, but also to truly understand the infinite charm of Taishan stone culture. However, China is modest. He has repeatedly said that in the process of compilation, he has received strong support from experts and scholars such as Peking University, China Ink and Wash Research Institute, Shandong Normal University, Taishan College, Taian Daily and Taishan Management Committee, such as Chen Buyi,,,, Chen, Zhao Boping and Ji Pengfei, and asked the author to thank him on his behalf.