Belongs to: Shimen County, Changde City, Hunan Province
The origin of Shimen City
At the beginning of the 20th century, Shijiazhuang was still a small rural village under the jurisdiction of Huolu County. With the completion of the Beijing-Hankong and Zhengtai-Taiwan Railways in 1903 and 1907, the east of Shijiazhuang Village became the intersection of the Beijing-Hankow Railway and the Zhengtai-Taiwan Railway. Shijiazhuang developed rapidly. On August 29, 1925, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China approved the merger of Shijiazhuang, Xiumen, Lucun and other villages with Directive No. 1273, and named it "Shimen City" by taking the first and last characters of Shijiazhuang and Xiumen. In 1928, the Nanjing National Government promulgated the "Ordinary City Organization Outline" and Shimen City was canceled because it did not meet the requirements for city establishment. In October 1937, the Japanese army occupied Shimen. October 7, 1939 - Min issued the "Administrative Council Order (Secret No. 1027)", approving the establishment of Shimen as a city. On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered. In early September, the Communist Party of China seized Shimen City.
The dark rule of Shimen by the Japanese and puppets
It took only ten years from the beginning of the Japanese and puppet rule to the end of the National Government in Shimen, but it brought serious disasters to the working people of Shimen. After occupying Shimen, the Japanese not only took advantage of Shijiazhuang's grain and cotton base and coal mine center to plunder, but also carried out bloody rule over the people of Shimen. According to the book "Shijiazhuang Port Opening 1902-1947": "According to incomplete statistics, in the past eight years, the Japanese army committed 61 massacres involving more than 10 people in Shijiazhuang, killing more than 40,000 innocent people, robbing more than 18,000 livestock, and robbing food , and property are countless. The most heinous thing is the barbaric atrocities committed against the prisoner of war concentration camp built in the city. From the establishment of the camp in 1939 to the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Shijiazhuang Concentration Camp and the supporting military and The small police, constitutional and special prisons and the Shimen Office of the North China Labor Association arrested and imprisoned about 50,000 anti-Japanese soldiers, civilians and innocent people. About 20,000 of them were tortured to death, and about 30,000 were sent to North China, Northeast China and other places. They worked as laborers all over Japan. It was a hell on earth for the Chinese anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians.
After taking over Shimen, they devoted their main energy to fighting the civil war. In 1946 alone, they built 30 kilometers of air-raid trenches around the city. There are 29.5 kilometers of railways, 17 kilometers of internal air-raid trenches, 15 kilometers of outer trenches at the airport, and more than 400 bunkers built around the trenches. Coupled with the decadent rule of the Nationalist government, the social atmosphere of Shimen has deteriorated, and the three major public hazards (hoards, casinos, and casinos) have become rampant. Disasters caused, shortages of goods on the market, soaring prices, and countless hungry people.
The vast number of people in old Shimen lived in darkness, and the people's physical and mental health was seriously damaged.
End of "Shimen." "The history of the old name
After the liberation of Shijiazhuang, in order to eliminate the influence of the enemy and puppet rule in Shijiazhuang, on December 26, 1947, with the approval of the Central Bureau of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, the municipal government issued the Secret No. 1 Notice, The announcement that Shimen City was changed to Shijiazhuang City ended the history of the old name of "Shimen" and marked her return to the embrace of the people.
While Shimen was changed to Shijiazhuang, some streets were also officially renamed, such as Zhongzheng Street and Zhongzheng Road were named after Chiang Kai-shek (first name Zhongzheng, courtesy name Jieshi). In order to eliminate his influence, they were changed to Jiefang Street and South Street respectively, symbolizing the end of the decadent rule of the city. Changes, the name that originally had the words Shimen also changed immediately. For example, the first official newspaper of the city party committee in Guan Nei, "New Shimen Daily", which was founded on November 18, 1947, changed its name from January 1, 1948. It is "Shijiazhuang Daily"
When Shimen was renamed Shijiazhuang City, the city had a population of 188,475. According to statistics from the original 6 districts, District 1 (West of Qiao) and District 2 (East of Qiao) were urban areas. There are 60,366 and 39,740 people respectively. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth districts are the suburbs of the city, with 16,865, 28,862, 22,804 and 19,838 people respectively. It can be seen that the population of districts one and two is much larger than that of other districts. . In order to strengthen the leadership of urban areas, the municipal government changed the number of urban areas from two to four, and the administrative districts of Shijiazhuang also changed from six to eight.
Shimen County, Hunan Province
Shimen County is located in the northwest of Hunan Province and is affiliated with Changde City. The county has jurisdiction over 20 towns (districts), 5 agricultural and forestry farms, and 806 village (resident) committees. According to statistics from the county, in 2006. At the end of the year, the total number of households was 235,648, with a total population of 688,196. It has a history of more than 1,400 years since the establishment of Shimen County in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
The county seat was the land of Jingchu in ancient times. The Qin Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Cigu County, Qianzhong County, and the Han Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Lingyang County, Wuling County. In the Sixth Year of Wu Yong'an in the Three Kingdoms, it was reorganized into Tianmen County, and the Jin Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Liyang County, Tianmen County (Quyang County was once located in the northwest). During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tianmen County was moved from present-day Dayong County to Shimen. In the second year of Yong'an (AD 558) of Emperor Chenwu, Xiaocha of the Later Liang Dynasty (that is, after the emperor was located in Jiangling) dismissed Tianmen County and replaced it with Shimen County. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty opened Huangjiu In 589 AD, Shimen County was abandoned and Shimen County was built, which was placed under the jurisdiction of Lizhou. Since then, although the affiliation has changed, the name of the county has not changed.
Shimen is the gateway to northwestern Hunan. The terrain is in the shape of a curved gourd. The terrain slopes from west to southeast. In the northwest, there are green mountains and in the southeast, there are crisscrossing hills. The lowest point on the land is the confluence of Caijia Creek and Lishui River, with an altitude of 42.5 meters. The highest point is the top of Huping Mountain, with an altitude of 2098.7 meters, making it the highest peak in Hunan Province. Shimen is the country's largest early-maturing tangerine production and export base and one of the four major navel orange producing areas. The county's orange area reaches 420,000 acres, with an annual output of 260,000 tons of oranges. Shimen is the central production area and origin of horse-headed sheep in the country. In 1992, it was listed as the preferred breed of the "International Heifer Foundation". It is an excellent meat goat breed promoted in Asia, with more than 800,000 goats sold annually. Shimen is the largest tea production base in Hunan, with an area of ??68,000 acres, including 3,700 acres of organic tea, and an annual output of more than 3,000 tons. It currently has four major tea production bases: Dongfeng Mountain, Baiyun Mountain, Anxi, and Taiqing Mountain. Baiyun Mountain organic tea has passed EU certification. The alpine vegetables cover an area of ??50,000 acres and are all grown on high mountains at an altitude of about 1,500 meters. They are pollution-free and the products are exported to the southeastern coast. With an area of ??24,000 acres of flue-cured tobacco and an annual output of more than 2,000 tons, it is one of the high-quality tobacco leaf production bases of Changde Cigarette Factory.
Shimen County has obvious location advantages and developed transportation and communications. Railway: Jiao (Jiaozuo)-Liu (Liuzhou) line traverses the county. Shi (Shimen)-Chang (Changsha) line and Jiao-Liu line form a T-shaped intersection in the county town of Shimen. Shimen has many places of interest, charming natural scenery and profound cultural heritage. Shimen was historically the central area ruled by Tianping Tusi. The Tujia people accounted for 51% of the county's total population, and the Tujia people have rich traditional customs. Jiashan Temple, located 12 kilometers southeast of the county, was the Buddhist cultural center of the Lishui River Basin for more than 700 years from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Zen Master Yuanwu presided over the book "Biyanlu", which is a Buddhist treasure and is also known as "the first book of the sect". It has been spread throughout the country, Korea and Japan. Next to the temple is the tomb of "Fengtian Jade Monk". According to research, it is the tomb of Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, who was defeated and died in Zen. It has attracted great attention from the historians and has been listed as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit. In 2002, Jiashan Temple National Forest Park was designated as an AA-scenic spot. Hupingshan National Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of the county, 108 kilometers away from the county seat, with a total area of ??665.8 square kilometers. The main peak is 2098.9 meters high. It is the highest peak in Hunan. It is known as the "Roof of Hunan" and is listed as one of the top ten mountains in Hunan Province. One of the great mountain landscapes, one of the ten eco-tourism demonstration zone development and construction units in Hunan Province, and one of the national AAA-scenic spot construction target units. In 2001, the World Wildlife Fund, the World Wildlife Federation, and the World Bank identified Hupingshan as one of the world's 200 key ecological areas (the only 9 in China). The forest in the area is dense, with a forest coverage rate of 94%. Walking into the virgin forest, it blocks out the sky and the sun, with moss like ribbons and carpets, and ancient vines like curtains and nets, which is of great value for eco-tourism development. At present, tourism projects such as Hunan rooftop rafting and ecological tourism have been developed. Mengquan Lake, located in the south of the county, is famous for the two-character monument "Mengquan" written by Huang Tingjian, a master of calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has a water surface of more than 5,800 acres and is as beautiful as a mirror. Its curved waves lead to the mountains and wind for dozens of miles, forming a self-contained mountain lake country. . The uncanny "Dragon King Cave" winds for dozens of kilometers. The stalactites inside the cave are colorful and colorful, and the clear spring gurgling at the entrance of the cave is like a dragon spitting water. The Shijiaping Shang Dynasty site located in the lower reaches of the Jishui River has unearthed many cultural relics such as earthenware figurines, tripod feet, dwarf-legged beans, iron-making stoves, bone knives, and bone awls. The discovery of Homo sapiens fossils from the Late Paleolithic Age in Yan'er Cave, Zaoshi Town has provided valuable information for studying the origins of modern humans, the development of local ancient humans in Hunan, and the history of the Paleolithic Age.
Shimen, whose real name is Chen Zesheng, was born in 1942, with the courtesy name Xiaoming and the nickname Shimen. A native of Jiangjin, Sichuan. Graduated from Oriental Art Correspondence College in 1986. Librarian of Emeishan Museum. Member of Sichuan Provincial Calligraphers Association and Provincial Calligraphy Society. His calligraphy and painting works have participated in provincial and national exhibitions many times. His books have won the first prize at the Sichuan Provincial Cultural System Book Fair and the Excellence Award at the "Taxation Brings the Beauty of the Motherland" book fair held by the state.
The article "On the Role of the Study of Aesthetic Consciousness in the Appraisal of Ancient Calligraphy and Paintings" was participated in the exchange at the second conference of the Provincial Calligraphy Society. In recent years, his calligraphy and painting works have been exhibited in Japan and Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Shimen, one of the terms often mentioned in coal mines, is a roadway that goes up the mountain (materials go up the mountain, coal is transported up the mountain, and people walk up the mountain) and is connected to the working face, all dug into the rock. It has the function of transporting materials, coal and pedestrians.
In January 2021, the 2020 Rural Revitalization Communication Influence Counties Ranking was released, with Shimen County ranking 462nd.
In November 2020, the ranking of the top 100 counties in China's tea industry in 2020 was released, with Shimen County ranking 20th.
In March 2020, Shimen County was rated as one of the first batch of national “Green Prevention and Control Demonstration Counties” for crop diseases and pests.
In November 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment awarded Shimen County the title of the third batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties.
In March 2019, Shimen County was included in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Western Hunan and Hubei Area, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Area).
In February 2018, Shimen County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education nationwide in 2017.
In January 2009, Shimen County was included in the second national list of civilized villages and towns.