First, the origin of surnames
The first branch comes from the surname. In the late Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding, Shang Zhouwang, established his son Song Yu, and his fief was in the north of Zhao County, Hebei Province, which is now the Earl Hou Guo. At the same time, it destroyed the Song State with the same surname. In Zhou Chengwang, after Zhou Gongdan put down the rebellion of the Yin Emperor Wu Geng and the Three Supervisors, he took the son of Wei as the Duke of Song, sealed the land of the ancient Song kingdom and served the merchants. Wei Ziqi, the eldest son of Di Yi and the younger brother of Shang Zhouwang, made great contributions to pacify the Wu Geng and Sanjian Rebellion in Yin Dynasty. After Ding, the son of Song Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, Song moved to Shangqiu, the hometown of Shang Tang. By the time we arrived in Song Xianggong, the State of Song had become the leader of the world's governors and one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. When it was time to mourn the Duke of Song, the kingdom of Song declined and moved eastward to Pengcheng, now Xuzhou, Jiangsu. By 286 BC, the State of Qi destroyed the Song Dynasty, and the descendants took the State as their surname. Since Wu Ding, the Shang king, sealed the Song Dynasty, the history of the son of the Song surname has been at least 3,200 years, and it has been widely used for nearly 2,300 years since the national subjugation.
The second branch comes from changing the surname of a foreign nationality. The pedigree of the Song surname has always been relatively simple, and it was not until the Five Dynasties that foreign genes began to flow in, that is, the Song surname was born in Chenzhou, Yuanling, Xiangxi in the Five Dynasties, the Song surname was born in Tangut, Xixia, northwest China in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Song surname of Manchu Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty. All three branches of the Song surname come from ethnic minorities. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the continuous joining and assimilation of foreign nationalities, the Song family has become huge.
Weizi's Tomb: On the Phoenix Terrace in the west of Weishan Island, it is 10 meter high and about 8 meters wide. There are four stone tablets in front of the tomb. Although it has been eroded by wind and rain, the inscription is still discernible. Among them, the main monument is Kuang Heng, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, and the four characters "Yin Tomb" belong to the seal script of Weimeifu in Nanchang. The words "Ren Shenjibi" on the tablet were inscribed by a general's servant.
Second, migration distribution.
During the Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, the Song family has been active in northern areas such as Hebei, Henan and Shandong. During the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname of Song once spread in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Song family had been scattered to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Fujian, especially in Sheng Xing, Shaanxi. In the early Qing dynasty, he entered Taiwan and went to the province. During the Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1279), there were about 880,000 Song surnames, accounting for 1. 1 of the national population, ranking 16. Shaanxi is a big province with the surname of Song, accounting for 19.4, accounting for 4. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi, Hebei, Sichuan and Henan, and the Song surname in these four provinces accounts for 67% of the total population of the Song surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Zhejiang and Shandong, and the Song surnames in these three provinces are concentrated in 16. Qinchuan, Hebei and Henan are two centers in China, among which the population of Song mainly lived in the north. During the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), there were about 540,000 Song surnames, accounting for 0.57 of the national population, and it was the 37th surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate was 20, and the population growth of the Song surname was negative. In the past 600 years, the population of the surname Song has decreased by 330,000, making it the most populous surname among the common surnames in China. In the face of war and massacre, the people who suffer should be the people whose main force is in the north, and the surname of Song is the surname of the northern region, and the natural loss is the heaviest. Shandong is the largest province with the surname of Song, accounting for about 17. 1 of the total population of Song. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangxi (15.3) and Zhejiang (13.5), and the Song surnames in these three provinces account for about 46% of the total population of Song surnames. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangsu and Hebei, and there are 25 Song surnames in these three provinces. During the 600-odd years of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Song surnames changed greatly. Its population mainly moves from north to east, southeast and south. Surnames in the Southern Song Dynasty have made great progress in these 600 years. Shandong, Hebei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu have re-formed two major Song population gathering areas. The population of contemporary Song surname has reached 9.72 million, which is the 22nd largest surname in China, accounting for about 0.8 1 of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of the Song surname has soared from 540,000 to nearly 9.72 million, nearly 18 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million, and the contemporary population was 65.438+0.2 billion, an increase of 654.38+0.3 times. The population growth rate of Song surname is higher than that of the whole country, and the population growth rate of Song surname is "V" during 1 000. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Sichuan, Henan and Hebei provinces, accounting for about 44% of the total population of the Song family. Secondly, it is distributed in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei, and there are 24 in these four provinces. Shandong is the largest province in the Song Dynasty, with a population of 15, accounting for 1.6 of the total population. Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang have formed three regions with a high proportion of Song surnames. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of population movement of the Song surname are quite different from those of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, especially the migration from the east to Central China and North China is greater than that from the north to the south and east, and the migration to the southwest and northeast has become an important direction of flow. Contemporary Song surnames are most frequently distributed in eastern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Dalian, Liaoning and Chengdu, Sichuan. The population of Song surname per square kilometer reaches more than 3.3, and in some areas it is as high as more than 7. The schematic diagram of the distribution density of Song surname (see color map 5.2.4A) shows that the area with the highest density (more than 3.3 people/square kilometer) accounts for 4.9 of the national territory, and the population of Song surname is about 2 1.4 million; The area of 2.2-3.3 people per square kilometer accounts for 9.8% of the national territory, and the population of Song surname is about 2.49 million. 1. 1-2.2 people /km2 accounts for 24.3 of the national territory, and the population of the Song family is about 3.56 million. 0. 1- 1. 1 person/square kilometer accounts for 40% of the land area, and the population of the Song family is about 1.46 million; The area less than 0. 1 person/square kilometer accounts for 2 1 of the land area, and the population of the surname Song is about 70,000. Song surnames are widely distributed, but they are not balanced. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the surname Song in the crowd (see color map 5.2.4B) shows that the surname Song is one of the more common surnames in North China, Sichuan and Northeast China. In eastern Shandong, Heilongjiang and northeastern Jilin, the surname of Song generally accounts for the highest proportion of the local population, above 1.4, and some of them are above 2.5, covering an area of about 5.6 of the total area of the country. The frequency of Song surnames in western Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Liaoning, western Jilin and central and eastern Inner Mongolia is 0.7- 1.4, covering an area of about 28% of the country's total area. The frequency of Song surnames in Yunnan, northern Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, northern Hunan, southern Hubei, Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian, most of Zhejiang, southeastern Taiwan Province Province and eastern Qinghai is 0.35-0.7, covering an area of about19.4 of the national total area. In other areas, the frequency of Song surname is less than 0.35, and its coverage area accounts for about 47% of the total area of China, of which the frequency is less than 0. 1, accounting for 28%. Characteristics of blood type distribution The blood type distribution of people surnamed Song is as follows: type O is 3.05 million, accounting for 31.3; Type A is 2.76 million, accounting for 28.4%; Type B 2.97 million, accounting for 30.6%; Type AB is 940,000, accounting for 9.7%. The total population of Song surname is 9.72 million. Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southeastern Hebei, Chengdu, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, most of Liaoning, and Jilin are common areas of the Song surname, accounting for about 14.7 of the national land area, and the Song surname is 4.63 million, accounting for about 47.6 of the national population of the Song surname. Type o 1.42 million, type a1.30 million, type b 1.44 million, and type AB 470,000. Most of North China, other parts of Sichuan, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia regions account for 24.3% of the country's land area, and there are 3.56 million people surnamed Song, accounting for 36.6% of the total population of Song. Type o 1 1.2 million, type a 1.02 million, type b 1.09 million, and type AB 330,000. Other areas are areas where the Song surname is less distributed, accounting for about 6 1 of the land area, and the Song surname is 1.53 million, accounting for about 1.5 of the total population of the Song surname. Type o 5 1000, type a 440000, type b 440000, type AB 14000. Third, the county hall number. The Songjiatang number mainly includes "Yudetang". In the Song Dynasty, Song Qi and his younger brother Song Yang won the Jinshi together. Song Qi won the first place in the examination of rites, and was the official minister of the Ministry of War. He wrote "Lou Yuchun's Poems", in which there is a famous sentence that "an apricot is out of the wall in spring". People call him "History of Red Apricot". People call it "Ersong" or "Dasong" or "Komatsu".
Wang Jun
There are mainly Jingzhao County, Xihe County, Guangping County, Dunhuang County, Henan County, Hongnong County, Fufeng County, Leling County and Jiangxia County. Among them, Xihe, Guangping, Dunhuang, Henan and Fufeng were the five counties in the Song Dynasty.
Jingzhao County: Jingzhao County was established in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which governed twelve counties. In the Three Kingdoms, Wei set the county and ruled Chang 'an (now Shaanxi's An). About today's Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, east of xi 'an and south of Weihe River. This Song family belongs to Hong Song, a courtier of the later Han Dynasty.