Scholar-bureaucrat (in feudal China)
First of all, before answering, let's clarify some questions. First of all, it is well known and undeniable that Zhu Yuanzhang was born as a farmer. Industry and commerce are people who do business. Maybe people don't know much about literati.
Scholar-officials are the general names of scholars and officials in ancient China society, which began in the Warring States Period. For example, Liu Bang's great-grandfather Liu Qing was a doctor of Wei at the end of the Warring States Period.
Scholar-officials are the direct participants in national politics and the creators and inheritors of social culture and art. Because scholar-officials are also officials, politics is the first priority of this group.
However, because not everyone can go to school in ancient times, these people can also be limited intellectuals, and ancient cultures such as literature, calligraphy, painting, seal cutting and antique collection are also created and passed down by literati groups. To put it bluntly, a scholar-bureaucrat is an official.
What is Zhu Yuanzhang's attitude towards the scholar-bureaucrat group?
At this time, let's take a look. Will Zhu Yuanzhang be polite to officials and educated people? Looking at the history of the Ming Dynasty, we also know that Zhu Yuanzhang would not show mercy to officials and educated people. As can be seen from the four major schools in the early Ming Dynasty, the achievements of founding the country remain the same. A wily rabbit dies, but a running dog cooks? It's over. And literati, during the Hongwu period of Zhu Yuanzhang's period, literary inquisitions appeared one after another, and we can also spy on one or two.
At that time, officials and scholars were careless in their articles, because Zhu Yuanzhang often suspected that they laughed at themselves in their articles. The bloody smell of literary inquisition makes a large number of scholars tremble with fear.
Zhu Yuanzhang's own cultural level is limited, resulting in a gap, which makes Zhu Yuanzhang have a culture? Colored glasses? Look at it. Zhu Yuanzhang is very sensitive and suspicious of words. He is extremely sensitive to the words thief, coach and baldness, and always suspects that others are scolding him and then killing people.
Examples are as follows:
It is famous that Xu Yikui congratulated Zhu Yuanzhang on his accession to the throne.
Is there a congratulatory message from Professor Xu of Hangzhou? Under the skylight, natural saints rule the world? Zhu Yuanzhang was furious: Light? It means no hair. Healthy? With what? Monk? Homophonic means calling me a monk. ? then what With what? Thief? The sound is close, indicating that I have been a rebel thief. ? So he killed Xu Yikui.
Other cases include:
Hanlin edited Gao Qi's poem:? The puppy barks in the air. Who will come to the palace at night? ? The waist was cut off.
Zhang Shangli wrote a poem: I was favored by the king in my dream, but I was called by the oriole! ? Go to prison and die.
Chen wrote a poem: there is a daughter-in-law in the south of the city who cries for her husband every night? Thrown into the water and drowned.
What's in the table of longevity written by Zhao Boning, the discipline of Fu Xue, Beiping? What is the principle of hanging children down? , chop.
What's in "With Dong Biao" written by Lin Bojing, a tutor in Fu Xue, Fuzhou? Instrument is the world? , chop.
Is there anything in Wu Xianzuo's Li and Sun Taibiao? There is a way in the world? ,? Tao? With what? Steal? Same, cut.
It can be seen from the appeal that Zhu Yuanzhang didn't understand the literati at all? Put it in your eyes? Exploitation or not? Basically, it is direct death, which is equivalent to lifelong deprivation.
However, as can be seen from the above cases, the literary inquisition in Zhu Yuanzhang's period was more inclined to individuals. Different from other emperors, they tend to be literary inquisitions of nationalities and clans. For example, Mencius, a Confucian sage, was suppressed by Zhu Yuanzhang and Mencius was deleted because of his concept of valuing the people over the monarch. And take Mencius from? Altar? Pull up and down.
As can be seen from the above, Zhu Yuanzhang was strict with the literati, which caused the officials at that time to go to court just like going to the execution ground. When I go, I don't know if I can come back, and I am afraid every day. The development of literary inquisition also started from Zhu Yuanzhang.
How did Zhu Yuanzhang treat wealthy businessmen?
Next, look at the rich and businessmen. China was originally a farming society in ancient times, and basically every dynasty was a small-scale peasant society dominated by farming. And does Zhu Yuanzhang know? Hide wealth in the people? Truth, the so-called wealth is to satisfy people's material life, eat enough and wear warm clothes.
If it goes beyond this level, Zhu Yuanzhang will think that it will threaten the stability of the dynasty and become the target of Zhu Yuanzhang's attack. If farmers want to be rich, they can only do business and then become wealthy businessmen. This has also become the target of Zhu Yuanzhang's attack.