Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Establishment of Taishan Stone Carvings: Twenty-eight Years of the First Emperor: Appreciation level of ancient rubbings: overview, introduction, rubbings reproduction, authenticity identification, its value, stone carving fate, overview of Taishan Stone Carvings, Qin Shihuang's patrol ceremony, Taishan Top Stone Carvings, stone slag. Gravel was unearthed in the Ming Dynasty, and there were 29 seal script remnants. In the fifth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1740), it was destroyed by fire. In the twentieth year of Jiaqing (A.D. 18 15), two pieces of gravel were found in the Yunv Pool on the top of the mountain, with only the word 10 left. According to legend, it was written by Li Si, and his calligraphy was fluent. This is the original work of Qin Zhuan, but the rubbings we saw lacked the rich and powerful painting style of ancient times, so we suspected that it was a reprint. -"Appreciating Ancient Rubbings" Fee Brief Introduction The stone carving of Mount Tai in Qin Shihuang's 28th year (2 19 BC) was the earliest stone carving of Mount Tai, the "first mountain in the world". Twenty years after Jiaqing of Taishan Stone Carving (18 15), the old Tai 'an Jiang Yinyinpei led Chai Langao of Yi Tong to find two residual stones in the Jade Girl Pool on the top of the mountain, with the remaining word 10, so the residual stones were embedded in the wall of Dongyue Temple in Daiding. In the 12th year of Daoguang reign in Qing Dynasty (1832), the wall of Dongyue Temple collapsed, and Xu Zonggan, the magistrate of Taian County, "desperately searched for residual stones in the rubble", instructed Taoist Liu Chuanye to move the residual stones down the mountain and embed them in the monument wall of Daimiao Temple, and wrote a postscript to record the process. In the 16th year of Guangxu reign (1890), the stone was stolen. The county magistrate Mao took the stone to the North Gate Bridge for ten days, and then put it in the courtyard of Dai Temple. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), Qing Yu Lan, a magistrate of a county, built a stone house in Yongting around Dai Temple, and embedded the carved stone of Qin Taishan, Xu Zonggan's postscript and his own preface ***3 stone in the stone house, surrounded by iron fences. 1928 moved to the East Throne of Daimiao, and built a portal tablet niche with the above three stones. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the front of the monument was protected by glass. Interpretation of Taishan stone carving: I went sick and died, saying that I can only understand it if there is a stone engraved on the imperial edict. Mount Tai stone inscription "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" contains: In the 28th year of the first emperor, he traveled to various counties in the east and went to Zou Yi. Set up a stone, consult with Confucian scholars in Lu, carve a stone to praise Qin De, and discuss the Zen sacrifice to mountains and rivers. So he went to Mount Tai, set up a stone, sealed it and put it in a shrine to worship. It rained and the storm came, so I rested under the tree, because I named it Wuxia. Zen Fu Liang. When carving a stone, the word says: the emperor ascended the throne, formulated a clear law, and the minister revised it. There are six years in 20 years, and I am not convinced to join this world for the first time. Pro-people who travel far away, climb Mount Tai and travel to the East Pole. Thinking from the minister, the reason, only reciting merits. Treatment operation, properly made, there are laws to follow. The righteousness is clear and clear, hanging over future generations. The emperor bowed to the saints, which not only calmed down the world, but also made unremitting efforts to govern the country. Can't sleep at night, build long-term benefits, and be good at teaching. The precepts are proclaimed, the distance is complete, and the sacred records are passed down. Divide the noble and the humble, treat men and women with courtesy, and keep your duty. Zhao's internal and external separation, impurity, applied to the heir. Become infinite, obey the testamentary edict, and always bear the ring. Taishan stone rubbings are 29-character rubbings, commonly known as 10 rubbings. The rubbings handed down from ancient times should be Song rubbings collected in Ming Dynasty in Anguo, Wuxi, with a total of 165 words. This collection was collected by Nakamura (65438+) on July 1st, 15th year of Showa (1940). Another 53-word book was also copied by the famous works series of Japan, Shang Zhen Society of Shanghai Art Garden, Japanese Bookstore and Erxuan Society. Among the Qin stone carvings, only this one really has Langyatai stone carvings, and the rest are imitated by later generations. There are two carved stones in the replica, the 29-character Ming rubbings carved by Nie Jianguang in Qing Dynasty and the 29-character old rubbings carved by Xu Zonggan, both of which are displayed in Daimiao Monument Gallery. 1987 Taian Museum copied the full text of Qin carved stone and stood in the back of Dai Temple. Qin Taishan Stone Carving was founded in the 28th year of Qin Shihuang (2 19 BC), which is the earliest Taishan Stone Carving. The rubbings of the Ming Dynasty in the Palace Museum in Beijing are divided into two parts: the first part was carved by Qin Shihuang when he visited Mount Tai in 2 19 BC, with the words *** 144 engraved; The second half was engraved in the first year of Qin Ershi Hu Hai's accession to the throne (209 BC), with 78 words. The stone carving is wide and narrow on all sides, with 22 lines of lettering, each line is 12 words and ***222 words. Both inscriptions were written by Li Si. The only word left in Qin Ershi's imperial edict is 10, that is, "Please die when I am ill", also known as "Taishan Cross". According to the Records of Tai 'an County in the Eighth Year of Qing Daoguang (1828), in the fourth year of Song Zhenghe (114), the stone was carved on the jade girl pool in Daiding, and the words could be read 146, and 76 words were erased. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Xu, who was in Beijing, moved this stone to the East Palace of Yuan Jun Palace. At that time, there were only four lines and 29 words left in the imperial edict of II, that is, "I asked for the imperial edict because I understood that I asked for death." In the fifth year of Qianlong reign (1740), Bi Xia Temple was destroyed by fire and the stone carvings were lost. This edition is a 29-character edition of Qin Taishan stone carving. At the end of the article, there are Gong Postscript, Deng Qibi Postscript and Kuang Yuan Postscript. After the monument dried up, it was destroyed, leaving only more than ten words, and this 29-word Ming Dynasty rubbing is also rare in the world. Li Si's calligraphy remains and Mount Tai Stone Carving should be regarded as the stone carving works where Ji Palace followed the first emperor. Although these works of stone carvings in the Kikuji Palace are not signed, historical materials have always thought that they would be written by Li Si, so here we should follow the old theory. There are seven stone carvings found in historical materials, namely Taishan, Langyatai, Yishan, Jieshi, Huiji, Zhifu and Dongguan. Among the seven carved stones, Jieshi did not enter the sea for a moment, and it was not recorded in previous dynasties. The two carved stones of Zhifu and Dongguan have long been lost. The original stone carved by the mountain has already been destroyed by the fire. There were also engravings in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and they still exist today. Langya Mountain Cliff Stone Carving Langya Terrace is one of Li Si's representative works of Xiao Zhuan. Unfortunately, it is too difficult to finish. As a model, it will bring great difficulties to learners. The stone carving of Huiji Mountain is the last moment of the first emperor. This stone was fashionable at the top of Huiji Mountain in the Southern Song Dynasty, but its handwriting was almost completely destroyed. After a turn, the calligraphy was dull and lost its original style. To be sure, only Taishan stone carving can fully reflect the style of Li Si's seal script. Although some scholars have verified that Taishan Stone Carvings are not rubbings of original stones, they are closer to the original appearance of Qin Zhuan than Yishan Stone Carvings and Huijishan Stone Carvings. Taishan stone carving, also known as Taishan tablet. In the 28th year of Qin Shihuang, the first emperor visited Mount Tai. This stone is engraved with words on all sides, with letters from the first emperor on three sides and letters from the second emperor and the names of his subordinates on one side. Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography recorded his deeds and remarks in detail. The original stone carvings were located in the pavilion on the south edge of the Huangfeng Mountain in taishan jade. After Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, this stone was scattered beside the Jade Girl Pool outside the western wall of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia, with only four lines and 29 characters left. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, this stone was moved to the east of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia. Five years after Qianlong, a fire broke out in Bi Xia Temple. In the spring of the twentieth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, Jiang Yinpei and others found two residual stones in the Jade Girl Pool, and there was a cross of "I died of illness, please be my minister". After several storms, Xuan Tong fashion has nine words. The residual stone exists in Dai Temple in Tai 'an, Shandong Province, or is suspected to be non-original. Liu Gang in the Northern Song Dynasty was the first person to make a detailed investigation of Taishan stone carvings in history. He visited Mount Tai twice and found out the stone and shape of the stone carvings. The biggest discovery is that the stone is carved on all sides, except the inscription of Qin Shihuang and the inscription of II. He personally rubs the ink, 146, which is recorded in detail in the Preface to Mount Tai Qin Zhuan, providing valuable information for studying the stone carvings of Qin Shihuang. The earliest Taishan stone carving was handed down from generation to generation as a remnant carved by Song people in Tieji. The earliest and most famous rubbings are the Taishan Stone Carvings of the Northern Song Dynasty 165 and 53-character editions collected by Xishan Anguo in the Ming Dynasty, which flowed into Japan in the 1930s. Another rubbings is a 29-character version of Qin Jin stone carving. There were many rubbings of Taishan stone carvings in Qin Dynasty. As one of Qin Zhuan's representative works, Stone Carvings on Mount Tai has been highly praised by all previous dynasties. Zhang Huaiguan's Shu Duan in the Tang Dynasty said: "Mount Tai, Mount Yi, King of Qin and other historical sites and their remains are also called the treasures of the country and the French style of a hundred generations." Yuan Ang's book review also said: "Li Sishu is the best in the world, and it is hard to win." Li Simiao's Back of the Book said: "Qin Xiang's inscriptions are as rotten as Jin Shu's." Liu Jigang's Preface to Mount Tai Qin Zhuan said: "Li Xiaosi passed on what he has learned from ancient times to modern times." Zhao Ming Jian Guangyun: "Qin Si is a master of ancient and modern times, and calligraphy ends here." According to legend, most of the stone carvings at that time were written by Prime Minister Lisi, but there is no evidence to prove it. According to Wang Chang's Collection of Jinshi, the stone is four feet five inches high and the factory is one foot four inches high. Small seal script, surrounded by atmosphere. Three sides are the imperial edict of the first emperor, and one side is the imperial edict of the second emperor and the names of ministers. ***22 lines 12 words. I don't know when this stone was destroyed. Gravel unearthed in the late Ming Dynasty has 29 characters. Qing Qianlong lasted for five years (1740) and was destroyed by fire. In the 20th year of Jiaqing (18 15), Jiang Yinpei visited the Jade Girl Pool and got 2 pieces of residual stones with the word 10. Shi Jin is still in Dai Temple in Tai 'an, Shandong. There are different opinions about the authenticity of this stone. Some people think that it is not an article by the first emperor, but a two-year supplement. There is a rubbings of the Song Dynasty, 136. From the perspective of calligraphy, there are two main points: (1) exquisite brushwork, smooth circulation, well-proportioned flesh and blood, subtle and euphemistic, ambitious, simple and lively. Compared with pre-Qin calligraphy, Qin Xiaozhuan's strokes are roughly the same in thickness, horizontal and vertical, and the turning point is extremely smooth and elegant, without blunt pen. Hide your head and protect your tail, and be meticulous with your pen. Just like drawing sand with a cone, euphemism has its own rich power. The horizontal trend is steady, the vertical trend is luxurious, concise and bright, and magnificent. Although the statutes are rigorous, they do not lose the majestic impression and atmosphere of the mountain temple. With a strong and steady bone strength, the vitality flies from time to time, just as Zhang Huaipeng said in Broken Books: "Painting is like a stone, words are like flying", "potential is like flying, shape is like flowing" and "the father of regular script is not easy". (two) the structure is unified, and strive to be fair and symmetrical, horizontal and dense, dignified and majestic, vaguely beautiful. From the perspective of calligraphy, it is more concise and standardized than Oracle Bone Inscriptions and even Shi Guwen. First, it also retains some hieroglyphics, emphasizing the beauty of round pen curves. Secondly, give full play to the unique beauty of Chinese characters. It has the significance of decorative beauty. The lines are neat and harmonious, which changes the complicated and staggered form before, and the writing form tends to be regular. Third, strive for strict symmetry, neatness and exquisiteness, similar size and outstanding appearance. Fourthly, it is dense and sparse, which fully shows the physical characteristics of seal script and makes it produce a beautiful atmosphere and elegant majesty. Fifth, the distribution is tight, and the spatial level is neat, beautiful and solemn. At this point, seal script is no longer childish and willful, which means that it is fully mature, which means that it is bound to decline. If you are extremely strict, you will die and you will go to the opposite. Its value-Taishan stone carving has important artistic value and historical value. Calligraphy is rigorous and vigorous, steady and peaceful; The glyph is fair and symmetrical, slender and beautiful; The lines are as round as iron, and the more round they are; Symmetrical structure, horizontal and vertical, clumsy outside and clever inside, suitable density. Yuan He praised and said, "The fist is as straight as a hairpin, and the bending iron is beautiful. The Millennium is thin and strong, and it is more stupid to look back at fat people. " "Dai Shi" said: "Although Qin has no way, his writing and calligraphy are unparalleled." Lu Xun thought that the stone carvings on Mount Tai in Qin were "qualitative and powerful, and actually originated from the inscriptions in Han and Jin Dynasties". At present, it is a first-class cultural relic collection. According to the records of Tai 'an County in the eighth year of Qing Daoguang (1828), in the fourth year of Song Zhenghe (114), the stone was carved on the top of Mount Tai, and he could read 146 words and lost 76 words. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Xu of Beijing moved this stone to Yuan Jun Palace East Hall. At that time, there were only four lines and twenty-nine words left in the imperial edict of II, which lasted for five years in the Qing Dynasty (1740). When the temple caught fire, the stone carvings disappeared. It was not until the twentieth year of Jiaqing (18 15) that Jiang Yinpei found it from the pool and broke it into two pieces, leaving only the cross. Xuantong built a pavilion to protect it, and now there are only nine words left. Dai Temple in Tai 'an, Shandong.