People, old Chen people, old Zuo Ren people, people from Guangdong Mountain, monks from Jishan Mountain in Hunan Province, eccentric old people, an old man, and a blind man for one night called himself a bitter gourd monk. Lanzhu, which is good at landscape flowers, has a novel layout and is called "four monks" with Hong Ren, Kun Can and Zhu Da. He has made outstanding contributions to painting theory. He advocates "pen and ink should keep pace with the times" and "borrow the past to open up the present", emphasizing a real artistic feeling for nature, "I use my own method" in artistic creation and opposing mud. It has a great influence on the later Yangzhou painting school and modern painting style. Paintings handed down from ancient times include poetry anthology, eight-victory picture of Huangshan Mountain, two pictures of plum and bamboo, and a picture of plantain chrysanthemum. Zhu Da (about 1626- about 1705) was a painter and calligrapher from Badashan. Badashanren is the grandson of King Zhu Quan IX of Ning Ming and one of the "Four Monks" in the early Qing Dynasty. After the demise of the Ming dynasty, the country was ruined and the mood was sad. He became a monk and his dharma name was handed down. He also used metaphors such as "snow", "mountain", "mountain donkey", "donkey house", "human house" and "Dao Lang", and then entered the Qingyunpu Scenic Resort scenic spot as "Dao Lang". He is usually called Zhu Da, but this name has been used for some time. In his later years, he took Badashan people and used them until his death. When he signs a painting, he often writes "Eighth National Congress" and "Mountain Man" vertically. The first two words are similar to the words "cry" and "laugh", and the last two words are similar to the word "know", indicating crying and laughing. He was loyal to the Ming Dynasty all his life, pretending to be a adherent of the Ming Dynasty and refusing to cooperate with the Qing Dynasty. His works often use symbolic means to express his feelings, such as painting fish, ducks and birds. They all look at the sky with white eyes and are full of stubbornness.
Image is a portrayal of Zhu Da's self-mentality. Painting mountains and rivers, taking more desolate scenery, leaving mountains and rivers, overflowing with the feeling of paper paste, can be described as "no more ink and more tears, mountains and rivers are still old mountains and rivers", "If you want to see people, you can interpret the pictures, and you can also write mountains and rivers in the Song Dynasty". It can be seen that Zhu Da expressed his attachment to the old dynasty through painting and calligraphy. Zhu Da's pen and ink are characterized by laissez-faire, vigor and beauty, elegance and agility. No matter big or small, there is a simple, clear, beautiful and healthy spirit. The structure of rules is unconventional, seeking completeness in incompleteness. Zhu Da's paintings have a great influence on later generations. Kun can (a.d. 16 12 ~ 1692)
China painters in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. One of the four monks in the early Qing Dynasty. Liu, a native of Wuling (now Changde City, Hunan Province), now lives in Nanjing. He lost his mother when he was young and became a monk. His legal name is Kun Can, his real name, his real name is Bai Bald, and his real name is No.1. He is disabled, a Taoist who lives by electricity, and a Taoist who lives by stone. After cutting his hair, he traveled around the world. At the age of 43, he settled in Hongji, Nanjing, and then moved to Youqi Temple in Niushou Mountain for the rest of his life. Silent, suffering from chronic diseases, devoted himself to artistic affairs, and befriended Cheng Zhengqi (Cheng Zhengqi, a Taoist priest in Qingxi), known as Hill, who was also known as the Second Stone with Shi Tao in art.
He is good at painting landscapes, figures and flowers. Landscape painting is mainly an inherited tradition, especially worshipping Wang Meng and Huang as teachers. The composition is complicated and overlapping, the realm is profound and magnificent, the pen and ink are thick and vigorous, and the expressions of rock roughness and Jie Suocun are mostly changed from Wang Meng; but
This barren and muddy rock structure, calm light crimson, close to yellow method. During the Five Dynasties, he lived far away in Dongyuan and Ju Ran. Recently, he learned from Dong Qichang and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty, and he was eclectic and learned from others. On the basis of learning tradition, he attached importance to learning from nature and advocated that "those who discuss the essence of painting must read more about history." Only when there are fewer sources of mountaineering can we create meaning. "I have spent most of my life in mountains and rivers, often stopping at famous mountains and rivers and wandering back and forth. He is "secluded in the valley of mountains and rivers" and "Man Chun Stone". His subjective feelings and spirit interact and blend with objective scenery and artistic conception, which makes his landscape paintings sincere, vivid and lyrical. Our landscapes seek adventure in the plains, rehydrate on the mountains, open and close in order, dense but not crowded, tight in structure, safe and varied, creating a strange, deep and fascinating environment, vividly conveying the ethereal, dense and magnificent artistic conception of the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. He likes to use thirsty pen, bald, vigorous and dignified, dry but not dry, and use thick and light ink to render, so that pen and ink blend, forming a lush and hearty interest, so that the picture has a magnificent momentum. The existing masterpiece is Hongzhi Map, which depicts Hongzhi outside the Jubaomen Gate in Nanjing. Through generalization and refinement, it shows the majesty and strange weather of various scenic spots in Jinling. " Cloud Cave Flowing Springs, Layered Rock Gull and Rain Washing Mountain Roots (all in the Palace Museum) show the distinctive artistic characteristics of Xi Shi with their dense layout, vigorous brushwork, lush scenery and deep realm.
Kun can likes painting since he was a child. He gave up his career when he was young. At the age of 20, he cut his hair and became a monk and traveled to famous mountains. In his thirties, the Ming Dynasty perished. He Tengjiao joined the anti-Qing team in Nanming, and took refuge in Peach Blossom Garden in Changde after the anti-Qing failed. The war forced him to flee to the mountains. Regarding his experience in the jungle of the ancient temple, Cheng Zhengqi's biography of Xi Shi contains: "Shen Jia evaded troops in the depths of Taoyuan, with strange mountains and rivers and strange trees, and his ghosts are hard to say; Sleeping somewhere, or washing water with a stone pillow in the stream, or an ape lying on the back of a snake, or drinking with blood instead, or drowning to warm your feet, or sheltering from the rain, suffered all kinds of troubles in March. " Although the dangerous jungle life made him suffer a lot, it gave him a good opportunity to feel strange nature, enriched the valley in his chest, and created landscape paintings for later. "
Kuncan, who likes to visit famous mountains and rivers all his life, has a deep understanding and observation of the broad artistic conception of nature, and finally settled in the Youqi Temple in Niushou Mountain. He once claimed to have "three shames" in his life: "I have tasted shame and never experienced the mountains of the world; I am also ashamed that I am too dull-sighted to read thousands of books. I am ashamed that I never remember being taught by a wise man. " Kun Can is a versatile poet and painter. He is good at drawing figures and flowers, especially landscape painting. He is the father of Huang and Wang Meng. His paintings are based on the metabolism of the Ming Dynasty, and his techniques reach the four masters of the Yuan Dynasty and even the Northern Song Dynasty. He said: "If Jing, Guan, Dong and Ju are four people, they can have their own ideas, but there is only one person. Ju Ran is comparable to the former, saying that I can't continue to trace it. " He followed Xie's example, changed his blunt habit, learned Yuan Sijia's and Dong Qichang's painting methods, and at the same time dared to renovate them deliberately, "changing their methods and using them", and used calligraphy to express his paintings instead of imitating others. Huang summed up his characteristics as "falling rocks and withered vines, with hourglass marks on the cone, which can be applied to painting with the ingenuity of calligraphers." Paying attention to emotion, painstakingly painting and pen and ink skills are his unique strategies. In the past, some famous mountains and rivers were painted by our ancestors. His paintings have a unique style and a new look, which is different from others' handwriting.
Kun can's landscape paintings are well organized, complicated and rigorous, lush and not crowded, and the scenery does not win with novelty, but sees profundity in the ordinary; The brushwork is vigorous, dignified, vigorous and barren; Make good use of vigorous bald pen and thirsty ink, rubbing and dyeing layer by layer, blending pen and ink, thick but not stagnant, bald but not dry; Most of these rocks are made of Jie Suocun and Pima and coated with thick ink, which makes them look deep and lush. His works are based on real mountains and rivers, and have the artistic realm of "extraordinary, profound and fascinating". Hong Ren (16 10 ~ 1664) was born in Shexian County, Anhui Province, whose real name was Jianjiang. Common surname Jiang, famous Tao, the word Daqi, also known as Fang, the word Oumeng. Students in the late Ming Dynasty. Wu Ming went to Wuyishan and became a monk from Zen master Gu Hang in Jianyang. In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), I came back from Fujian and worked in Wuming Temple in the west. Painting started from various schools in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and Ni Zan's painting method was the founder of Xin 'an Painting School. Painters, ancient people. More natural. After you come back, you must go to Huangshan to see "Jiangnan" every year.
True landscape is a manuscript, and he made 50 true landscapes of Huangshan Mountain, with vigorous and neat pen and ink. Elegant, giving people a fresh feeling. His "Yellow Mountain Pine Stone Map" is also magnificent and unconventional. In his later years, the masterpiece "The Map of Xiaojiang Bian Feng" describes the scenery of Pukou, congratulating with pen and ink, and also using profile. In addition to landscapes, I also wrote plum blossoms and double-hooked bamboos. Founder of "Xin 'an Painting School". Together with Yan Shibiao, Sun Yi, and Wang Zhirui, they are also called "Xin 'an Four Masters" (also known as "Haiyang Four Masters"). In the history of painting, Hong Ren, Kun Can, Shi Tao and the Eighth National Congress are called the "Four Monks" of painting. Calligrapher Yan Zhenqing learned regular script from Ni Yunlin, and regular script won his charm and became a poem. Later generations compiled 148 poems in the Collection of Paintings.