Wang Xizhi (303-36 1 or 32 1-379) was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) and lived in Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Wang Xizhi was born in a famous family (King Langya). He, from grandfather's uncle and Wang Lan to Wang Xiang in Twenty-four Filial Pieties, from Wang Lan to doctors, from Wang Xiang to Taibao, are all half-brothers. From uncle Wang Dao to Qiu, father Wang Kuang, calendar official Huainan Danyang satrap, will record the internal history. Uncle Wang Dao, after three dynasties of Yuan Di, Ming Di and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, became a monk and became a teacher. Xihe was not good at words when he was young, but when he grew up, he was eloquent, honest and frank, and enjoyed a high reputation. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, the family helped Jinshi to cross the south and established Jiankang in the south of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Nanjing). Together with Chen Jun and Xie Jia, they are famous aristocratic families in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. There is a saying in Tang poetry that "in the old society, Wang Xietang died and flew into the homes of ordinary people". When Xi Zhi 16 years old, Chi Jian, the Qiu of Jin Dynasty, chose him as his son-in-law, and the allusion of "bare-bellied East Bed" came from Wang Xizhi (see Shi Shuo Xin Yu Liang Ya). Court officials emphasized Wang Xizhi's talent and called him an official many times. He declined politely. Later, he joined the army as a general of the Western Expedition and moved to a long history. Later, he was recommended as the general of Ningyuan by the General of the Western Expedition, and was appointed as the general of Jiangzhou Secretariat, the general of the official to the right army, with a history of literature and history. Known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Later, I disagreed with the Yangzhou secretariat Wang Shu, saying that he was ill, absent without leave, retired to the record and died.
Wang Xizhi once lived in Gaopo, Linchuan County, known as "New City" (now Wenchang School, Linchuan District, Fuzhou City) when he was the secretariat of Jiangzhou (345-347 AD). There is a well for living and a Mo Chi for washing face for practicing calligraphy in the house. Therefore, Xun Bozi, a famous litterateur in Liu and Song Dynasties in Southern Dynasties, Xun Bozi, a famous litterateur in Linchuan Period, and a literary master in Song Dynasty wrote Linchuan Ji. The Mo Chi Collection is 285 words in length, which introduces the origin of Mo Chi and praises Wang Xizhi's hard-working spirit. During the Cultural Revolution, Mo Chi was destroyed. In June 2002, the Fuzhou Municipal Government introduced 5 million yuan of foreign capital to rebuild Mo Chi and restore its old appearance for tourists to enjoy. ? Wang Xizhi is good at calligraphy, but seldom learns from Mrs. Wei. Later, Zhang Zhi learned cursive script and Zhong You learned regular script. He learns from others and studies his own style carefully. Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, he has changed his pen style and created a fluent style. He is regarded as a "book saint". There are no original works, and all of them have been copied from generation to generation. His running script Preface to Lanting Collection, cursive script Chu Mu Tie, official script Huang Ting Jing and Le Yi Lun are the most famous.
In Wang Xizhi's anthology, there is a Linchuan post: "Linchuan, Mo Wen, Mo You. Zi Song's son is here, and there are several envoys. I have to ask him. " Expressed concern for Linchuan. His "Mo Chi" spirit of "Mu Zhangzhi, Lin Chixue Shu, Chi Shuihei" has always inspired Linchuan students.
Characteristics of Wang Xizhi's Calligraphy
Wang Xizhi loved calligraphy since childhood and was enlightened by his father Wang Kuang and his uncle Wang Biao. He was a good book at the age of seven. At the age of twelve, he stole the pen theory of the previous generation from his father's pillow. Wang Kuang's good deeds and official letters; Wang Kui is good at calligraphy and painting. Wang Sengqian once commented in "On Books": "Before crossing the river to the east and the right army, Wei Xiao was the best, painting was the teacher of Jin Mingdi, and writing was the law of the right army." Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by the Wangs in calligraphy since he was a child. ? ? Wang Xizhi studied under Mrs. Wei in his early years. Wei Shuo, who studied under Zhong You, inherited his method brilliantly. She taught Wang Xizhi the method of Zhong You, the method of learning calligraphy in Wei Dynasty, and her own calligraphy style and method. The Book Review of the Tang Dynasty said: "Mrs. Wei's books are as beautiful as flower arranging dancers. Another example is the beauty on the stage, the fairy shadow, the red lotus reflecting the water, and the blue marsh floating. " Shen, a modern man, said, "Learning from Mrs. Wei is naturally influenced by her. She follows the clock method and learns from it. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Zhuan Xu's traces of beginning of spring are different from the new style of Zhong Fa passed on by Mrs. Wei, so they are dissatisfied with the teacher's biography. This begins with later research. As soon as she saw the tablet, she became interested and wanted to change her major. This is ... You can appreciate the charming customs of the west, which are inexhaustible and deeply rooted. "
Wang Xizhi is good at changing from one teacher to another. When he broke away from Mrs. Wei's calligraphy, he reached a new historical height. He once told himself this historical turning point: "it will be great to learn from Mrs. Wei's book;" And crossing the river to visit the famous mountains in the north, comparing books such as Lisi and Cao; And make a promise, see Zhong You, Liang Yu book; See Cai Yong's Three-body Book of The Book of Songs; At the meeting place with my brother, I saw Zhang Chang's Hua Yue Monument. It took me several years to learn Mrs. Wei's book. ..... I changed my teacher, and I still studied historical sites. " From this passage, we can see Wang Xizhi's experience and intention of constantly broadening his horizons, studying extensively and exploring the source of enlightenment.
Wang Xizhi is ambitious and creative. He learns from Zhong You, so he can change. Zhong Shu is still turning over, and the real book is also divided. The pen is still expanding and there is a tendency for birds to soar. The so-called bell-tailed falcon wave. Wang Xizhi likes to chase with his hands, but it is easy to turn into a song and subtract momentum. The so-called right army came down with a bang. He also expressed himself by imitating Zhang Zhi. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaigeng once pointed out this point in the "Introduction": "It is a shame to compromise on the analysis of the bow grass; Zhong Jun's servant's profit and loss, although used to increase China, is quaint and can't be grasped. When it comes to the nature of research, it will do anything. Wang Xizhi's analysis and harmony of Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and Zhong You's official script's gain and loss and use can all be studied by two calligraphy masters. Shen said: "Wang Xizhi didn't dish mud at the feet of his predecessors, and so did painting gourds." Instead, I want to use my heart and hands to make the ancients work for me, not sticking to the past and not turning my back on the present. ".All his life, he exhausted all the brushwork of Qin and Han seal scripts in the Expo, all of which were integrated into the real cursive script, forming the best posture of his time, bringing forth the new and opening up a new world for future generations. This is why Wang Xizhi is highly regarded as "combining all laws and preparing one family".
Wang Xizhi's representative works include: Huang Tingjing in Regular Script, On Le Yi, Seventeen Guas in Cursive Script, Gua for Aunt in Running Script, Gua for Quick Snow Clear, Gua for Funeral, Preface to Lanting Collection, Gua for the First Month, etc. Among them, Preface to Lanting Collection is highly praised by calligraphers of all ages and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jian is good at following the laws of Li, Cao, Kai and Xing, carefully studying the shape, imitating the shape with his heart, learning from others' strengths, preparing everything in one furnace, getting rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei Dynasties, and becoming a family of his own, which has far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is peaceful and natural, and his brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and graceful. The world often uses Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo: "If you are amazed, if you are graceful, if you are in Youlong, you will be glorious and autumn, and Hua Mao will be spring pine. It seems that if the moon is covered by light clouds, it will float like the wind flowing back to snow. " Praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Legend has it that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pool water used to clean the brush turned black. Later generations commented: "If you are floating like a cloud, you will be surprised if you are smart", "Yue Long is in the sky, and tigers are lying in the phoenix pavilion", "Nature is natural, and the gods are abundant in the world", which was praised as "the sage of books" by later generations. There are some idioms about him: Be smart and get married quickly ... The most obvious feature of Wang Xizhi's writing style is exquisite brushwork and changeable structure. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced bookstores from generation to generation. Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Zhu Suiliang, Xue Qi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty were all completely convinced and admired by Wang Xizhi, so he was praised as a "book saint". ?
Preface to the Collection of Lanting, a famous masterpiece through the ages
Yonghe nine years? /kloc-at the age of 0/0, I will repair things in Lanting in Huiji Mountain in early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; Another one? The clear stream is surging, reflecting from left to right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love. It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.
The phase of a lady, pitching for a lifetime, or taking a bosom, realizing a room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When they are happy with what they have encountered, they are temporarily satisfied with themselves, and they are self-sufficient. They never know that old age is coming. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
Every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if I unite, I will lament the article, which can't be compared to the things in my chest. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
translate
In the ninth year of Yonghe, the star was in Guichou, and on the third day of March, we met in Lanting, Shanyin County, Huiji, and held a baby-raising activity. Many celebrities came, and young people and old people gathered together. There are high mountains, dense forests and slender bamboo. There are also clear rapids that surround the left and right, attracting winding water into streams. Everyone sat by the water in turn. Although there is no grand occasion of piano, chess, calligraphy, painting and flute ringing, it is enough to talk about your feelings while drinking. On this day, the sky is clear, the air is fresh, and the wind is sunny. Looking up at the vastness of the sky and looking down at the variety of everything, we can enjoy the fun of our eyes and ears, which is real joy.
People get along with each other for a short time. Some pour out their ambitions and talk with friends in a room; Some rely on hobbies to pin their interests and lead an indulgent life. Although everyone's pursuit and abandonment are very different, and their personality is quiet and impetuous, when they are happy with what they have touched and temporarily obtained, they become complacent and don't know the coming of aging. When they are tired of what they seek or get, they will change with things and their feelings will change with them. I can't help feeling that the things I used to like are out of date in a short time. Moreover, the length of life, with the changes in nature, will eventually come to an end. The ancients said, "Life and death are also important events." Aren't you sad?
Every time I see the reasons that people feel sorry before, they are in line with our agreement, and I don't sigh sadly in the previous article, but I don't understand it in my heart. As we all know, it is illusory to regard death and life as the same, and it is absurd to regard long life and short life as the same. How sad it is that later people look at the present as if they were looking at the past now! So I wrote down the people who attended the meeting one by one and copied the poems they made. Although times are different and things are different, the reasons why people have feelings are still the same. Those who read these poems in later generations will also have some feelings about them.