There are not many female calligraphers who can enter the history of calligraphy in China, especially in ancient times, when men were superior to women, only two female calligraphers were known to ordinary people. One is Mrs. Wei, the teacher of Wang Xizhi, a "book saint", and the other is Empress Wu Zetian. Most female calligraphers can hardly leave any fragments, and few works can be witnessed by future generations. Empress Wu Zetian left a copy of the tablet of the sage prince to prove her calligraphy attainments.
In the book History of Yutai in Qing Dynasty, Teacher Li E recorded 2 1 1 female calligraphers in the history of China, which is one of the few books to sort out the female calligraphers in the ancient history of China. Among them, the first volume has the largest number of female calligraphers, with 55 female calligraphers. It can be seen that the position of female calligraphers in the harem in history is important. Surprisingly, since the filial piety of Empress Xu in Han Dynasty, 29 "Empresses" have entered the history of calligraphy. In addition, there are more than 20 imperial concubines, princesses and female officials. There are so many queens among female calligraphers. First, they have a prominent position and a "right to speak". Official records show that China has its place. Another reason is that calligraphy makes these women different from ordinary people.
Among the 29 queens recorded in 2000, only 23 crosses were described by others, but Wu Zetian was given a thousand-word record, which shows her important position in the history of calligraphy.
Li Shimin praised Wang Xizhi and Li Zhi for their love of calligraphy.
Xu Hui, a gifted scholar, devoted himself to Li Shimin and practiced Wang Xizhi's The Legend of Wu Meiniang, which is a true portrayal of the harem in the Tang Dynasty.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, was a talented person with both civil and military skills. According to the Preface to Lanting Collection, Li Shimin loves literature and art, and is good at poetry, especially Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. He spared no effort to buy Wang Xizhi's works before his death and praised the books of the whole Tang Dynasty. He personally praised Preface to Lanting Collection, and also wrote calligraphy works such as Biography of Wang Xizhi and Book of Jin 07550.
Because of the emperor's preference, calligraphy has also become a crucial indicator in the imperial examination system. In 2000, it was recorded that in the Selected Works of the Imperial Examination, calligraphy and the words used in judging cases would be tested first, and then the official position would be awarded after comprehensive consideration of virtue.
At that time, there was a phenomenon of competing to practice calligraphy inside and outside the court of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong also improved calligraphy education. Imperial academy Hong Wen Pavilion is responsible for calligraphy teaching. Readers are familiar with Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, calligraphy teachers of Hong Wen Pavilion. There are also teachers who teach calligraphy in the Forbidden City, including two doctors who teach calligraphy in the Forbidden City. Wu Zetian was deeply influenced by Li Shimin. During her reign, she paid special attention to calligraphy education, and the number of doctors teaching calligraphy in the palace was expanded to 18.
I have to say that Tang Gaozong Li Zhi is also a good calligrapher. In TV series, young slaves are kind and cowardly. In fact, it can be seen from his inscription that Li Zhi is worthy of the title of calligrapher. The brushwork formula records that Li Zhi is a "non-secular talent, who has no intention to be king and loves calligraphy". Calligraphy also brought Ali a good reputation. Some critics said: "As can be seen from his calligraphy, he didn't faint.
The "husband-like" of the queen's calligraphy opened the watershed of "fat and thin" of calligraphy.
Zhong Mingshan, a famous calligrapher, rated Wu Zetian's calligraphy as "the first-class among female calligraphers". Being the best female calligrapher in history naturally has its advantages. Why did Wu Zetian have such a great influence in the history of calligraphy? Wu Meiniang was brilliant, and had a good knowledge of calligraphy before he entered the palace. With his influence in the palace, he catered to the king's preferences intentionally or unintentionally, so it is natural to imagine that his calligraphy is first-class.
Up to now, there are three remains of Wu Zetian's calligraphy, which were written by Wu Zetian at the age of 76 and are now hidden in Xianjun Temple in Qianshan, Yanshi, Henan. On the fourth day of February in the second year of Wu Shengli, Wu Zetian went from Luoyang to Songshan for retreat. After coming back, she lived in the Prince Xian Temple in Goushan and wrote an inscription for a while. On the surface, the inscription describes the story of Zhou Lingwang's ascension to immortality, but in fact, it is praising the prosperity of Wu Zhou. The brushwork is graceful and smooth, and the artistic conception is vertical and horizontal. The inscription on the Monument to the Immortal Prince is written in Bofei style with white strokes. There are 33 lines of inscriptions, each with 66 words, and the running script and cursive script alternate. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, liked Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and for the first time in history, he erected a monument in cursive script, which shows that Wu Zetian was deeply influenced by it.
As we all know, Wu Zetian's real name is, and "Chang" is a word created by Wu Zetian for herself. Similar self-made words can be seen in many places in her calligraphy. Many roles were created by Wu Zetian herself, showing the courage and grace of 76-year-old Wu Zetian.
The emperors in the Tang Dynasty all praised calligraphy, and there is a saying in the history of calligraphy that "the five changes of Tang books". Calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty experienced five changes, and calligraphy also experienced a change during the reign of Wu Zetian. Record: "The great change of calligraphy is also a woman. The day before yesterday, calligraphy was still thin, and the day after that, calligraphy was still thick, which was almost a watershed in calligraphy. " After Wu Zetian, calligraphy "gradually began to fatten up" and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty.
In the book, the evaluation of Wu Zetian's calligraphy is: "Removing lead and China powder flavor, calligraphy makes the husband win." "Like a husband" is the evaluation of Wu Zetian's calligraphy in several calligraphy monographs.
People always say that calligraphy is an art of the mind. When Wu Meiniang, a beautiful woman in the harem, is trapped in a "palace fight", perhaps calligraphy can help her to hold her breath in a black-and-white world and gain absolute freedom of mind without purpose.