Its contents are as follows: warn Yu that Yin died of alcoholism, and the Zhou Dynasty prospered by abstaining from drinking. Yu must try his best to help him and respect the moral policies of King Wen and Wang. His calligraphy style is rigorous, the shape and layout are simple, and Fiona Fang has both skills of using a pen, which has a rigorous and dignified artistic effect. It is a masterpiece of bronze calligraphy in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were great differences in languages among countries, which was a major obstacle to economic and cultural development. Qin Shihuang annexed the world, and Li Si, the minister, presided over the unification of the national characters, which was a great achievement in the cultural history of China. After the unification of Qin Dynasty, this script was called Qin Zhuan, also known as Xiao Zhuan, which was simplified on the basis of Jin Wen and Shi Guwen. As a representative of the famous calligrapher Lisi, the carved stone of Mount Tai in Qin was highly praised by all previous dynasties. Qin is a period of change of inheritance and innovation. The preface to Shuo Wen Jie Zi says: "Shu Qin has eight styles, namely, big seal, small seal, seal cutting, insect book, copy, official book and official book." It basically summarizes the face of the font at this time.
The appearance of official script is a great progress of China characters and a revolution in the history of calligraphy, which not only makes Chinese characters tend to be square, but also breaks through a single center in brushwork, laying the foundation for various calligraphy schools in the future. In addition to the above calligraphy masterpieces, there are also handwriting such as imperial edict, weight, tile and coin. In the Qin dynasty, the style was very different. Calligraphy in Qin Dynasty left a brilliant page in the history of calligraphy in China. Like the majestic Great Wall of Wan Li and the spectacular Terracotta Warriors, it is the forerunner and the crystallization of the infinite wisdom of the Chinese nation. (303-36 1) Linyi (now Shandong) people. Jin Huaidi was born in Yongjia (AD 307) and died in Xingning (AD 367). The officers of the right army generals will review the internal history, so later generations will call it "Wang Youjun". He came from a noble family in the Jin Dynasty. Twelve Poems by Wang Xizhi
/kloc-when I was 0/8 years old, my father taught me the theory of brushwork, "language is the key", that is, I realized something. When I was a child, I studied calligraphy under the famous female calligrapher Mrs. Wei. Later, he crossed the river to visit famous mountains, learned from others, observed and studied, and "learned from others, prepared one family", reaching the height of "the more expensive the group, the better the ancient and modern". Wang Xizhi's regular script, such as Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Dong Fangshuo Hua Zan, was popular in the Southern Dynasties and had a great influence on later generations. His righteousness is known as "the sage of books". Wang Xizhi is an innovator in calligraphy, and his main achievements are in running script and cursive script. His cursive script is honored as "the sage of grass" by the world. He combined some advantages of using the brush and Guan Zi scattered in ancient and contemporary calligraphy works to become a brand-new calligraphy work.
His main works are:
music theory
Wang Xizhi's book, small font. Beautiful brushwork, energetic, fat and thin, very in line with the rules of regular script. Sui Zhiyong called it "the first official book", and Chu Suiliang also spoke highly of it in the Tang Dynasty. After the rebellion of the Eight Kings and the infighting of the royal family, the power gradually declined. In the north, with the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty. form
Observed the chaotic period of "Five Hus and Sixteen Countries". After the Tuoba family established the Northern Wei Dynasty in 16 countries, it contributed to the relative unification of 149. This is the Northern Dynasty. Jinshi moved eastward and perished. From 3 17 to 420 AD, it was the Southern Dynasty. At this time, calligraphy also inherited the atmosphere of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was very popular from emperors to literati. Calligraphers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties are full of stars, and anonymous calligraphers are the mainstream. They inherited the fine tradition of the previous generation of calligraphy and created excellent works worthy of their predecessors, which created the necessary conditions for the prosperity of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty.
Wei Bei was the best calligrapher in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Weibei is the general name of inscription calligraphy in the Northern Wei and Southern and Northern Dynasties, and it is the transitional period from official script in Han Dynasty to regular script in Tang Dynasty. Kang Youwei said: "Anyone who chooses a family in Weibei is an adult. It is beautiful to combine all the families. " Zhong Zhishuai's Xue Xuan Shu Pin said: "Weibei calligraphy inherits the charm of Han Lizhi and opens the voice of Tang Kai." Some regular script writers in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, borrowed from Wei Bei. (Southern Dynasties-Sui and Tang Dynasties) is the seventh generation grandson of Wang Xizhi and the descendant of Wang Huizhi, the fifth son of Wang Xizhi. He is a great calligrapher who strictly abides by family laws. He writes hard. Feng Wu's Original Calligraphy says that he lived in Yongxin Temple in Xing Wu and didn't go downstairs for decades, so he got more than 800 yuan for a copy of Wen Zi and Jiangdong temples. He used an old pen and buried it like a grave. This is how the story of "returning a pen to the grave" came about. Dong Qichang's "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms in Ming Dynasty" said that he learned from Zhong You's manifestation table that "every time you use a pen, you must twist it, turn it and fix it. When you write, you want to see through the back of the paper." He, who wrote Thousand Characters, said: "Pens and pens come from the air and live in the air. Although there are leaks in the house, it is not enough to say. " When we read his ink painting "Thousand Characters" carefully, we can see that he hides his head and protects his tail, and his brushwork is tortuous, subtle and rhythmic. Dong and his words can be described as accurate, specific and appropriate.
The main works are: Thousand Characters, which is Zhi Yong's True Grass Thousand Characters. It has full lines, skillful brushwork and tied the knot in writing. The predecessors commented that his book is "the right army is the meat of wisdom and courage", which can be confirmed here. His "Thousand Characters in Regular Script" is vigorous, dignified in structure, very clear in the beginning and end of strokes, full of changes in reality and reality, and very close to the classic writing methods of Jin and Tang Dynasties, which is convenient for beginners. Except for the Song Gaoling Temple Monument in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which contains many official laws and is archaic in style, and the Jingzhi Jun Monument in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, which is round and soft and a special bad boy, the rest are well-behaved students, complete and angular, such as Huifu Temple Monument, Gaozhen Monument and Zhang Hu Monument.
Congbaozi Monument: The Southern Dynasties followed the gold system and it was forbidden to erect monuments, so there were few inscriptions. And Yunnan's "Ercongbaozi Monument" (Conglongyan Monument) is a shining star, shining in the night sky. Congbaozi Monument was built by the leaders of Yunnan border ethnic minorities under the influence of Han culture, imitating the Han system. This tablet was inscribed in the fourth year of Emperor Jun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405). Calligraphy is a regular script with obvious official meaning. Some horizontal paintings in the monument still retain the waves of official script, but the structure is square and close to regular script. With Fang Bi as the main pen, the pen is unpretentious, with cleverness in it. It looks stupid, but it often flies.
Kang Youwei's evaluation of this monument as "the simple and clumsy ability to end an ancient Buddha" in "Guangyi Shuangzhou" is appropriate. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty ended nearly 300 years of turmoil since the Western Jin Dynasty, and in the early 20 years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, "Wen Zhi Kung Fu" was formed.
Since then, the Kaiyuan period from Wu Zetian to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty has shown unprecedented prosperity beyond the Han Dynasty. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was profound and brilliant, reaching the peak of China's feudal culture, which can be described as "books flourished in the early Tang Dynasty". There were more ink marks in the Tang Dynasty than in the previous generation, and a large number of inscriptions left precious calligraphy works. The calligraphy of the whole Tang Dynasty is the inheritance and innovation of the previous generation. Calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty included Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi and Lu Jianzhi. Later calligraphers were Li Yong, Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Zhong Shaojing and Sun. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, and Li Bai, a poet, are also great calligraphers worth mentioning. Regular script, running script and cursive script all entered a new situation in the Tang Dynasty, with outstanding characteristics of the times, and their influence on later generations far exceeded that of any previous era. (AD 557-64 1) Ou Yangxun was born in Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan). The world says that Ouyang leads many people.
Yu Shinan said that he "can get what he wants without choosing a pen and paper". Besides, he can write a good official script. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, the tablet of Xuzhou Cishifang was his official script. His calligraphy, with official script as the most. Examining his pen is both mellow and powerful. "Surprised in the grass, sending between clouds. Another example is King Kong glaring and Lux punching. " Among them, strokes such as vertical hook are still official strokes. The inscription he wrote on the Buddhist stupa of Huadu Temple, the inscription on the grandfather Wen Yanbo and the inscription on Huangfu's birthday are called "the first regular script in the Tang Dynasty". His regular script has a set of very strict procedures, both in pen and structure, which is most convenient for beginners. The Thirty-six Methods of Ouyang's Structure, which was circulated by later generations, is a structure writing method summarized from his regular script. His regular script "Zhang Hansi Sticking Bass" is long and vigorous. Ink handed down from generation to generation is especially precious. Ou Yangxun's son Ouyang Tong has a family of calligraphers. Both father and son are very famous in the book world and are called "Ouyang". Xiao Ouyang's "Taoist Monument" has a stronger sense of propriety, but it is too revealing and implicit. The full name is "Dr. Sui Zuo Guanglu's Comment on the Ming Huangfuyun Monument", also known as "Huangfuyun Monument". Written by Don Yu Zhining, written by Ou Yangxun. This tablet is now in Xi 'an, Shaanxi, and there is no date of writing. Regular script has 28 lines and 59 words. Inscription seal script "Sui Zhu Guo Hongyi Gong Ming Huangfujun Monument" is twelve characters. "The Joy of Moline" said that this monument was built in the Sui Dynasty and was written by Ou Yangxun in his early years. This monument was divided into two parts in the Ming Dynasty. "Huangfushengchen Monument" is tightly restrained with a pen, firm and unyielding. The emphasis of stippling is brush and engraving, which is the unique brushwork feature of the thin and vigorous calligraphy style of Weibei and Sui monuments in the early Tang Dynasty. Yang Shiqi said: "The book search is vigorous and the statutes are strict. Commentators say that Yu (south of the city) gets the legacy of gold, while Europe () gets the strictness of gold. Isn't it easy to see Huangfu's birthday tablet, full of turmoil? Isn't it the so-called insurmountable? " Weng Fanggang said, "Because the tablet was made by Li, it was just right because of the danger. This is the best way to learn Tang Kai and the first step to learn it. " "
This monument was polished with a pen. Although this is Ou Yangxun's early work, it has the basic characteristics of "European style", that is, strictness and danger. Wang Mingshizhen said: "The inscription on Huangfu House is more dangerous than other stickers. It is the origin of Yijia Lantai (Ouyang Tong). " Bin Yang said in "The Big Spoon Pen": "There is nothing more rigorous than harmony, beauty and Huangfu's birthday tablet, and it is especially difficult to be dangerous. This Huangfu tablet is so expensive. "