Sanyou Cave, located 7 kilometers northwest of Yichang, is a huge cave on the cliff of the north peak of Xiling Mountain. Backed by the mouth of Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, facing Xialaoxi. It is one of the famous historical sites and key cultural relics protection units in Hubei Province.
The origin of the name
According to legend, in Tang Yuanhe 14 (8 19), Bai Juyi, Bai Xingjian and Yuan Zhen each wrote a poem in Tongyou Cave in Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei), and Bai Juyi wrote the Preface to Sanyou Cave on the cave wall, hence the name of Sanyou Cave. This is what people say. In Song Dynasty, three famous writers, Su Xun, Su Shi (Dongpo) and Su Zhe, also visited the cave, and each wrote a poem on the cave wall, which was called "the last three tours".
Introduction of scenic spots
Sanyou Cave, with steep terrain and a canopy-like shape, is an irregular rectangle with a depth of about 30 meters, a width of about 23 meters and a height of about 9 meters. It is a limestone cave formed by the continuous dissolution and collapse of ancient groundwater along the rock surface. Its stratigraphic geological age is CAMBRIAN, about 500 million to 600 million years ago. The rocks in the cave are undulating, with vertical and horizontal cracks and different shapes. There are three square stalactite columns, which are vertically parallel and horizontally arranged, dividing the cave into two communicating rooms: the front room is open and the walls are full of poems; The back room is secluded, with ear holes beside it, which can communicate with the outside world. If the top of the back room is empty and round, it will sound like a bell when throwing stones at it, and it will sound like a drum when the stones fall to the ground, so it is called "bell and drum in the sky".
Sanyou Cave has wonderful scenery and was once called "dreamland" by the ancients. Most people who passed through Yiling (Yichang) in the past dynasties visited here and expressed their feelings in various fonts, poems, essays, murals and inscriptions, which were engraved on the stone wall. Up to now, there are still more than 40 wall carvings and inscriptions inside and outside the cave, such as Ouyang Xiu's inscription in the Song Dynasty and the Preface to Sanyou Cave reprinted in the Ming Dynasty, which left valuable cultural historical materials.
There is a crystal clear Xialao River in front of Sanyou Cave, where water and stones collide and pearls splash jade. Climb to the top of the mountain along the path next to the cave, and you can see the majestic appearance of the river in the west; Between the mountains and mountains, the Yangtze River, like a sharp axe, split a first-line passage, poured down from the mouth of Xiling Gorge, roared with rapids, rushed through the gate, passed by Sanyou Cave, and then the water level leveled, and the river suddenly became clear, showing a spectacle of dangers and dangers.
Sanyou Cave is not only a famous scenic spot, but also an important revolutionary site. During the Agrarian Revolution, it was once the underground traffic liaison station of the county committees in central Hubei and Yichang. There were some underground traffic policemen in the temple at that time. After liberation, in March, 65438+ 1. 0958, in order to realize the grand blueprint of "High Gorge Out of Pinghu" in Mao Zedong and benefit future generations, Zhou Enlai personally visited Sanyou Cave along the steep and slippery path and made extremely important instructions.
Along the steep path, there is a small pool under the cliff on the mountainside. The spring is trickling, the grass is lush and the bamboo leaves are green. This is the scenic spot in Yichang-Luyou Spring. When Lu You, a poet of the Song Dynasty, came to Sanyou Cave in the fifth year of the Avenue (A.D.1169)1October 8, he took water from the pool to make tea and wrote a poem on the stone wall. Later people called it "Lu Youquan".
Inscriptions and wall carvings
There are many inscriptions and wall carvings inside and outside Sanyou Cave, which have historical value and calligraphy appreciation value and are very precious cultural relics.
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Bai Xingjian, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and other celebrities who visited Sanyou Cave in previous dynasties, as well as officials who had served in Yiling, wrote poems or inscriptions for Sanyou Cave, and * * * made wall carvings and inscriptions 100. Nearly 60 pieces preserved and found are regular script, official script, seal script and cursive script. For example, Lu Wei's official script in Qing Dynasty carved "Christine", Chen Jian's eldest daughter Guiying wrote "Zhanhe Zhangyan" with a small seal, and the giant wall carved "He Zhangyan is not stubborn, and the chemical industry has a secret shape, which opens chaos and shows life and death on earth". They are all top-grade calligraphy.
Lu Youquan
Sanyou Cave descends along the stone steps to the bank of Xialaoxi, and there is a stone well at the waist of the cliff, which is called "Luyou Spring".
According to local records, Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Song Dynasty, visited Sanyou Cave through Yiling. He found a clear spring above Xialao Creek. He decocted tea with water, which was fragrant and sweet. After admiration, he left a poem: "It's not that the famous spring is tasteless." This is the origin of Lu Youquan.
Zhangfei leigutai
At the top of Xiling Mountain in Sanyou Cave, facing the big river, there is a cylindrical stone peak with a small platform on it, all of which are famous "Zhanggutai". According to local records, Zhang Fei, who was brave and good at fighting in Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, was once the magistrate of Yidu County (now Yichang), where he used to beat drums and train soldiers. Zhang Fei's portrait of the new moon, backed by a deep canyon and facing the Yangtze River, has wide eyes and huge arms of a tiger, which seems to listen to the rumbling drums, reappearing the heroic spirit of this ancient famous soldier, and tourists have taken photos as a souvenir. Leigutai is a favorite scenic spot for tourists.
Xi Zhi Pavilion
On the top of Sanyou Cave, there is a pavilion with double eaves and three folds and a golden tile and one column, which is composed of three pavilions in the shape of "Pin". This is the "Xizhi Pavilion".
Xizhi Pavilion was built in the Song Dynasty by Zhu Qingji, the magistrate of Zhou Xia (now Yichang), on the riverside for the convenience of boatmen and business travelers. In the fourth year of Jing You (1037), when Ouyang Xiu was appointed as the magistrate of Yiling County, he wrote The Story of Zhou Xia to Xiting for this pavilion, making it one of the three scenes of Zhou Xia in Song Dynasty.
Bachule Palace
The Bachu musical instrument "Eight Tones" exhibited in Bachu Music Palace is complete, and the image of music and dance is graceful. On the antique stage, performers (performers) dressed in classical national costumes reproduce 97 pieces of Bachu musical instruments in 15 category, play Chuqu music and mix Bage and Chu dance. You will listen to melodious music, as if you heard Qu Zi singing "National Mourning" and Zhao Jun leaving his hometown. In the rich national dance atmosphere, you can feel the harvest joy of the splashing waves and the fragrance of orange tea in the dragon boat race. So, I added my love for Yichang, my love for the Three Gorges and my dedication to China.
World China seal stone carving garden
1In March, 1995, the State Council Three Gorges Office held the "Three Gorges Stone Carving Coordination Meeting" in Beijing, and the stone carving project officially started. 65438+1April 1996 The first phase of stone carving project (named "The First Scene of Stone Carving in Three Gorges" by the Organizing Committee) was basically completed. It includes two parts: seal carving and Mo Yan carving. The author of seals and paintings is a well-known China painter at home and abroad. For example, on the cliff of Tianzhu Mountain at the Three Gorges Dam17km, 283 works by Ye, Wu Zuoren and others 144 were carved, among which 127 seals were carved on the stone in the middle of the dam, with different styles. Exquisite seal cutting is a new measure in the history of our country to enlarge the painter's ordinary chapter into seal cutting. Comrade Li Peng once praised these works of art as "healthy in content and noble in character". In order to protect these artistic treasures, with the approval of Yichang Municipal Bureau of Culture, the seal carving stone carvings were moved to Sanyou Cave and turned into the "World Chinese National Seal Stone Carving Garden" for tourists to enjoy.
China Ji guang jiao Shi yuan
China Sinian hornfels, commonly known as stalagmites from the Three Gorges, were named in ancient China. Because its fossils look like bamboo shoots, they are commonly known as stalagmites. This fossil is only found in the Three Gorges area of China. He is a fierce carnivorous invertebrate, living in the ocean 440 million years ago. Due to the movement and change of the earth's crust, he was buried in hard limestone and became a marine invertebrate mollusk fossil, belonging to the suborder Cephalopoda Parrot, which is one of the important fossils of Paleozoic Ordovician in China, with a rare number and special value.
Local customs and practices
"Weeping to marry" Tujia girls "Weeping to marry" is not the sad cry of married girls alone, but the "group" cry of in-laws and consorts. According to the discussion points of marriage, there are more than 20 parts, and every time you cry, you have someone to accompany you. For crying, Tujia girls not only cry for a long time, but also have strict procedures and a "sense of ceremony".
"Jumping mourning" is a unique form of Tujia mourning for the dead. They cried with songs, mourned with joy, and stayed up all night dancing.
Yichang area is the birthplace of Bachu culture, Bachu is famous for its ability to sing and dance, among which "crying for marriage" and "jumping for mourning" are two wonderful artistic works, and there are also Chinese-style "arias"-the jade pot and Bing Xin of crying for marriage songs. Sincere and sincere; Tujia "disco"-a bold, fresh and lively funeral dance, gives people a strong artistic shock effect. Bashan dance finally emerged from the "funeral dance" and became a popular fitness dance integrating sports, dance and music, which was deeply loved by the people.
Historical background
1 In the third year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 808), when Bai Juyi was in office, he was an admonisher in front of the emperor, and because of his loyal disposition, he offended the eunuchs and ministers in the DPRK. Colleague Yuan Zhen was whipped by eunuch Liu Shiyuan. Tang Xianzong Spring Calendar did not accuse Liu Shiyuan, but demoted Yuan Zhen to Tongzhou (now Dachuan City, Sichuan Province), and Bai Juyi wrote three times to defend him. In the 10th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 15), he was persecuted for writing a letter on state affairs and exposing the court's murder of Prime Minister Wu, and was demoted to Jiangzhou (Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 19), Bai Juyi was assassinated by Sima in Jiangzhou (Zhongxian County, Chongqing), and his brother Bai Xingjian took office and met Yuan Zhen in Xiling Gorge.
It was Yuan Zhen who suggested, "It is difficult for us to meet and get our scenery ... Please give each ancient song twenty rhymes and write it on the stone wall", and Bai Juyi prefaced it. At the end of the preface, it says, "The three of us started, so it's a three-way hole". Sanyou Cave was named after the discovery of Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. Famous writers in Song Dynasty: Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Ye Heng, Lu You; Wang Shizhen, Liu Yiru, Gong Shaoren, Lu Xianbang and the literati of the Republic of China came here successively, leaving a wealth of poems and songs. Cliff stone carvings, there were more than 0/00 pieces of poems and songs, cliff stone carvings and inscriptions/kloc-written in various forms, such as Kai, Li, Zhuan, Xing and Cao. Later, due to years of annihilation, wind and rain erosion and losses during the "Cultural Revolution", there are still more than 60 pieces since the Song Dynasty, which are precious cultural historical materials in China.
On October 8th (AD 1 169) in the fifth year of Kaozong Trunk Road in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You lived with the army and passed through Yiling when he entered Shu. ..... Tie up the boat and climb the Sanyou Cave with philosophers and witnesses. You can't touch your feet if you walk two miles. ..... "In Sanyou Cave. Lu You was filled with emotion when he saw the inscriptions by scholars such as Huang Tingjian and Ouyang Xiu. After having fun, he took the spring water in the pool to make tea. The water is strange and the tea is delicious. The small pool is surrounded by mountains and streams, and the land tour lingers. On the rock wall next to the pool, the title "Boiling tea in the rock pool in front of Sanyou Cave" was left. Since then, this unknown spring has been called "Luyou Spring" by the world.
Song Qing, a learned man, was appointed as the magistrate of Zhou Xia in the second year of Song Renzong (AD 1035), and carried out a series of folk reforms and renovation of streets and gates in Yiling County. It was also from this period that the thatched cottage in Yichang was transformed into a tile-roofed house, and it lasted for three years (A.D. 1036). Song Qingji built a pavilion in Jiangjin, outside the Cisse Gate of Yiling, and named it "Xi Zhi". He invited Ouyang Xiu, a writer who was demoted as the magistrate of Yiling County in May this year, to write the Pavilion of Zhou Xia Xizhi, which was inscribed by Huang Tingjian, a famous calligrapher in the Song Dynasty. The pavilion is famous for Ouyang Xiu, and was later listed as one of the three scenic spots in Yiling, Xi Zhi.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, in the third year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Quan to attack Chibi. After defeating Cao Jun, in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 10), he sent troops south to attack Wuling, Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties. "It is better to fly than to defend the generals." In order to guard the Three Gorges checkpoint, Zhang Fei used to beat gongs and drums at the top of Xiling Mountain and perform military forces day and night.
During the reign of Emperor Liang Yuan (A.D. 553), Liang Honghe built a "Seven Victory City" in Xiakou. In the fifth year of the Southern Dynasty (A.D. 573), Jiangling was requisitioned and an "Anlu City" was built in Xiakou to prepare for the invasion of Shu. There are still six military bases and urban relics on the Laoxi platform under Xiling Mountain.