Li Bai (70 1-762), a native of Jiangyou, Sichuan, was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty.
His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious temperament.
He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu, a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy".
Li Bai's ancestral home is in Longxi (now Ji Cheng Township, Jingning County, Gansu Province) Ji Cheng. At the end of Sui Dynasty, he moved to Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now near tokmak in northern Kyrgyzstan), where Li Bai was born.
At the age of five, his family moved to Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan).
At the age of twenty, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and wuyue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province).
He traveled around, hoping to make friends and pay homage to celebrities, so as to get an introduction, climb high in one fell swoop and realize his political ideals and ambitions.
However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing.
Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an, east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong).
At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world.
In the early years of Tianbao, on the recommendation of Taoist Wu Renyun, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty called him to Beijing and ordered him to worship the Hanlin.
Soon, due to the remorse of the dignitaries, he was driven out of Beijing in Tianbao 34 (AD 744 or 745).
Since then, he has been wandering in Jiang and Huai, and his thoughts are extremely boring.
In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled. At this time, he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, which coincided with the great army of Wang Yong and invited Li Bai down the mountain to enter the shogunate.
Later, Li Lin rebelled against Su Zong and was eliminated. Li Bai was implicated and sentenced to exile in Yelang (now Guizhou Province). He was pardoned and released halfway from Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Xuancheng (now Xuancheng, Anhui).
In the first year of Baoying (AD 762), Daizong died in dangtu county, Anhui.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life.
A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals.
In art, his poems are novel in imagination, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception and fresh and lively in language, forming a bold artistic style and reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China.
There are more than 900 poems, including Li Taibai's poems.
His poems are rich in imagination, unique in conception, magnificent and bold in style, and he is a representative figure of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Second, Xin Qiji
Xin Qiji was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
The word You 'an, alias Jia Xuan lay man, was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong Province), Han nationality.
The same name as Su Shi, also known as Su Xin.
Someone once praised him like this: Jia Xuan is the crown of people and the dragon in words.
Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "Words are broad and aboveboard, like poetry, like prose, like wonders of heaven and earth.
"Successive Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, etc.
2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty.
Before he was born in 13, Shandong was occupied by the nomads. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), two thousand people joined the northern anti-Jin army and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty the following year.
Throughout his life, he insisted on fighting against nomadic people and recovering lost land.
Zeng Jin played "Ten Theories on Meiqin", analyzed the situation of the enemy and ourselves, and put forward specific plans for Qiang Bing's rejuvenation; He also went to the Prime Minister's Ninth Meeting to further elaborate the idea of the Tenth Meeting. Has not been adopted and implemented.
When serving in various places, he seriously eliminated the accumulated disadvantages, actively prepared for war, was restrained by capitulationists, and even was dismissed. He once lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time.
The great ambition and talent of recovering the motherland were not displayed, and loyalty and resentment created a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Geng Jing massed troops in Shantung, restrained loyalty, and left the minister in charge.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, he ordered Feng Biao to return to the south, and Emperor Gaozong summoned him and awarded him the position of Cheng Wulang.
Ning Zongchao was tired of being an official in eastern Zhejiang and added Long Ting and other systems. He entered parliament and was appointed as a pawn.
He has lived in Shangrao and Buried Hill in Jiangxi for more than ten years.
His writing is full of passion, generosity and tragic.
Powerful brushwork, diverse artistic styles and uninhibited.
And "Jia He's Short Sentence".
Throughout his life, he was proud of his integrity and made his own achievements, and advocated the war of resistance all his life. He once appeared in "Ten Treatises on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions", showing outstanding military talent and patriotic enthusiasm, and maintained a deep friendship with Song Zhishi and Neo-Confucianism Zhu, making great efforts to govern.
Anti-gold and national rejuvenation are the main themes of his works, among which there are many laments of the lost direction of heroes and the idle resentment of the strong, which have distinct characteristics of the times.
It also depicts the pastoral scenery, social customs and folk customs of the four seasons in the rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River with vivid and delicate brushstrokes.
His ci has a wide range of subjects, and he also makes good use of predecessors' allusions.
The style is heavy and heroic, and there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness.
On the basis of Su Shi, he greatly developed the artistic conception of Ci and improved the literary status of Ci.
Later generations called it "Su and Xin".
His poems are also worthy of praise, especially his "powerful pen, ingenious convergence, correct and balanced theoretical style"
Third, Su Shi.
Su Shi (1037 ~11), born in posthumous title, is 64 years old.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title.
Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother.
Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House.
In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge.
Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou.
Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents.
Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the end of his term of office, in addition to his daily life, he moved to the Sheren of Zhongshu, moved to the Hanlin bachelor's office, and learned about the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites.
Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou.
In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan).
Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65.
He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty.
He was also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his family of three was named "Su San" in history. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu.
Politically belonging to the old party.
An unrestrained poet.
Fourth, Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao,no. Yi Anju, was an outstanding female writer in Southern Song Dynasty, a native of Jinan, Shandong Province, and a graceful poet.
Yuanfeng was born in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, and died in Lin 'an at the age of 72.
In history, it is also called "Jinan Er 'an" with Xin Qiji, a native of Licheng, Jinan.
His father, Li, was born in Licheng, Northern Song Dynasty, a famous scholar and essayist in Qilu.
Mother Wang knows books and writes well.
Zhao Mingcheng, son of official assistant minister Tingzhi Zhao, is a textual research scholar.
Li Qingzhao lived comfortably in her early years and was proficient in writing and music.
After their marriage, he and Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collation of epigraphy of calligraphy and painting, and compiled The Book of the Stone.
After the fall of the Central Plains, she went south with her husband and lived a wandering and miserable life.
Ming Cheng died of illness and was in a lonely situation.
Young people have long been famous for learning from their families.
Li Qingzhao enjoys a high reputation in the history of China literature. She is famous for her trilogy of ci, poetry and ci.
I lived a stable and prosperous life in my early years, and I wrote more words about acacia. After the invasion, great changes have taken place in Jin Bing's country, and his ci is full of feelings about his life experience.
Her sense of poetry and prose is different from that of words.
She is also good at painting and calligraphy, and she is fluent in music.
The existing poems and songs are all compiled by later generations, including Shuyu Ci.
Advocate "writing is unique."
China is the only woman whose name is used as a crater in outer space.
"One hundred generations of rivers, surging waves, scouring the heroes of the ages; In the Millennium, a daughter flower bloomed.
"Describe the Li Qingzhao.
Li Houzhu and Li Yian are very popular.
The former is too white, so it is called Li San.
(Shen Qupity)
The Qing dynasty took women as photos, but the style of words was reversed. Although there are not many articles, they must be treasured, and they are a large number of poets.
("Siku Summary")
Yi Lee's ci, unique, is actually quite impressive. They originated from Huaihai and Sheng Da, and the casting language is more creative, which amazed women.
("Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci")
Yi 'an's beautiful sentences, such as "Plum Branches and Plums", begin with seven words: "The lotus root is fragrant, and the jade falls in autumn", which is so exquisite that it really doesn't eat human fireworks.
(same book)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Nalanxingde
Nalan Xingde (1655- 1685): the eldest son of Mingzhu, a college student in Wuyingdian, whose original name was Cheng De, whose real name was Rong Ruo, a native of Lengjiashan, was a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty.
He has low intelligence, can read and recite, inherits Manchu martial arts tradition and is good at riding and shooting.
He has certain attainments in calligraphy, painting and music.
In the fifteenth year of Kangxi (Jinshi).
Give a third-class bodyguard, seek a first-class promotion, and the military attache is the third product.
His wife Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, gave a gift to a lady. After three years of marriage, his wife died. Ye Yuanli of Wujiang personally wrote an epitaph for her, then married an official and gave her a generous gift.
My concubine, Yan, was later accepted as a concubine by Shen Wan in the south of the Yangtze River, and she wrote "Choosing Dreams" and "Charming My Husband" and died.
When Nalan Xingde died, he was only thirty-one years old. He was buried in Zaoshitun, west of Beijing, where "a scholar lost weight and mourned the world".
There are three sons and four daughters.
A woman married a veteran Nian Gengyao.
Nalan Xingde made friends with Zhu Yizun, Gu Zhenguan, Jiang, Yan and other Han celebrities, and won a group of Han intellectuals for the Qing court to some extent.
He wrote many works in his life: twenty volumes of Tong Tang Zhi Ji, four volumes of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion, and A Brief History of Linz; Set "Yi Ji Yan" 80 volumes, "Chen Liji" 38 volumes; The compilation and selection of books such as Early Collection of Modern Ci, Notes of Famous Poets, Selected Works of All Tang Poems are amazing.
Nalan Xingde is famous for his poems. There are 349 existing poems, which are sad and stubborn and have the legacy of the late Tang Dynasty. The mourning poem is sincere and painful, and it is unbearable to read. Wang Guowei commented: "Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there was only one person."
Zhu Zumou said that "there has been no such author for 800 years", and Tan Xianyun said that "it is important to be tolerant of others, and the lyrics are sad and sad, so people have his arms". At that time, it was widely rumored that "everyone was singing water words, and several people knew Nalan's heart".
"Nalan Ci" spread to foreign countries, and the North Koreans said, "Who expected to see Liu Tuntian after Xiaofeng's waning moon?"
The first place of Nalan Ci is the side hat, and the second place is drinking water, which are now collectively called Nalan Ci.
Sixth, Li Yu
Li Yu (937-978), the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, was also the most melancholy and sad poet in the Five Dynasties period.
The word shigemitsu, the first name from Jia, number Zhong Yin.
Lianfeng lay.
Xuzhou (now Jiangsu) people are called Huzhou (now Zhejiang) people.
The sixth son of Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne in the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1), and was called the late master in history.
In the eighth year of Kaibao, the country broke the Song Dynasty and was captured to Bianjing, where he became a general and disobeyed orders.
Later he was poisoned by Song Taizong.
Although Li Yu is politically incompetent, his artistic talent is extraordinary.
Li has certain attainments in books, paintings, songs, poems and essays, especially in ci.
There are about 32 existing Li Yu's ci poems, which can be divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, mainly reflecting court life and love between men and women, with narrow themes; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was deeply saddened by the national subjugation, and his memories of the past were full of his own feelings. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period.
Among them, masterpieces such as Young Beauty, Langtaosha and Night Cry were all made at this time.
Most of the ci works in this period are mainly sad and sad, mainly describing the scenes of looking at the distance from the fence and dreaming back, and expressing the infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past"
Li Yu occupies an important position in the history of China Ci, and is called "the Emperor of Ci through the ages".
It also has a great influence on future generations.
He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but through the concrete and sensible personality image, he reflected some universal artistic conception in real life, promoted the creation of Ci, and expanded the field of expression of Ci.
Li Yuwen is rich in writing, poetry, books and painting.
His ci poems are mainly included in two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
Working time (96 1-975).
Seven, Qin Guan
Qin Guan (1049- 1 100), whose word is too empty and few lines, is a Huaihai layman.
Gaoyou people.
Northern Song Dynasty writers.
Song Shenzong Yuanfeng was a scholar for eight years (1085).
He used to be Dr. imperial academy (lecturer of national university), secretary of provincial orthography and editor of National History Institute.
Politically inclined to the old party, when Zhezong was in power, the "new party" was in power, demoted to state wine tax, took charge of Hengzhou, moved to Leizhou and died in Tengzhou.
He, together with Huang Tingjian and Chao, is also known as the "Four Bachelor of Su Men", which is quite appreciated by Su Shi.
Qin Guan is generous, free and easy, beyond words.
At the age of 20, I wrote Fu on Fushan Weir.
At the age of 24, he wrote "Riding alone to see Ruff", which was highly respected by the world.
His prose is good at argument, and The History of Song Dynasty was rated as "literary and thoughtful".
His poems are good at expressing feelings, and Taosun Ao's poetry criticism said: "Qin Shaoyou, like a woman wandering in the spring, will eventually weaken.
He was a famous graceful poet in the late Northern Song Dynasty. His poems mostly describe the feelings of men and women and express the sadness of career frustration. His words are skillful, delicate, harmonious and charming.
Representative works include Que Qiao Xian (Bo Yun is clever), Wang Hai Chao (Mei Ying Shu) and Man Ting Fang (Mountain Wipe).
In "The Fairy of the Que Bridge", "If love lasts for a long time, it will be there sooner or later!" A famous sentence known as "turning stinky rot into magic" (see Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire).
In Man Ting Fang, "There is a setting sun outside, there are Western jackdaw numbers in the west, and the water flows around the lonely village" is called "naturally eloquent" (Chao Bu's words are quoted from "Notes on Gaizhai").
Zhang Yan's etymology said: "Qin Shaoyou's ci is elegant, vigorous and persistent, beautiful and meaningful, chewing without self, and knowing the taste for a long time."
"For details of his life, please refer to History of Song Dynasty (Volume 444).
He is the author of 40 volumes of Huaihai Ji, Huaihai Ci (also known as Huaihai Jushi's Long and Short Sentences), Persuading Good Records and Anti-Travel Ji.
He also edited "Yangzhou Poetry" and "Gaoyou Poetry".
His Silkworm Book is the earliest extant monograph on sericulture in China.
He is also good at calligraphy. Learn from Zhong and Wang in lower case, and be charming, vigorous and lovely. The cursive script has the flavor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He really learned from Yan Zhenqing.
In the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130), Qin Guan was posthumously awarded the "Bachelor of Zhilong Tuge" by the Southern Song Dynasty court.
Gaoyou Wenyou Terrace, Qin Guanyue Terrace, Qin Youtie Stone Carvings, Yangzhou Yunshan Map, and the "First Scene of Huaidong" Stone Carvings have been preserved to this day.
Eight, Liu Yong
Liu Yong (about 987- about 1053) was born in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan, Fujian).
Poet of Northern Song Dynasty, founder of graceful and restrained school.
Formerly known as trilateral, the word Jingzhuang.
Later renamed Yong, the word Qing.
Ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi.
He is a scholar in the imperial court, and the official is Yuan Wailang, so he is known as Liu Tuntian in the world.
Because of his bumpy career and poor life, he turned from pursuing fame to being tired of officialdom, indulging in the charming and prosperous urban life, and looking for sustenance in "leaning on the red and leaning on the green" and "singing lightly".
As the first poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, he not only developed the theme of ci, but also created a large number of slow ci, developed narrative skills, and promoted the popularization and colloquialism of ci, which had a great influence in the history of ci.
Beijing tour Jinshi, official wasteland Yuanwailang.
As a bohemian, he was down and out all his life.
When he died, he donated money for burial.
His ci mostly describes the scenery of the city and the life of a geisha, and he is especially good at expressing his feelings of traveling and service.
Ci is very popular, "there is a well to drink, and you can sing Liu Ci".
There is an action set.
Nine, Zhang Xian
Zhang Xian (990- 1078) was born in Wucheng (now Huzhou, Zhejiang).
Tiansheng eight years (1030) Jinshi.
He has served as a judge in Suzhou, Wujiang and Jiahe (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang).
In the second year of Emperor Yangdi (1050), Yan Shu learned the news of Yongxing Army (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) and became a general.
Later, Yuan Wailang, who settled in other places, met Yuzhou and Zhou Guo.
Anlu is known for its taste, so it is called Zhang Anlu.
In the first year of Zhiping (1064), an official in Shangshu Capital was a doctor who died in the first year of Yuanfeng at the age of 89.
Zhang Xian's "Poetry and Yuefu will last forever" (Shi Lin Shi Hua).
The contents of his ci mostly reflect the life of men and women of letters, as well as the life of urban society.
Skilled in language.
He amused himself by climbing mountains and writing poems.
Ci is as famous as Liu Yong. He is good at poetry and also makes slow words.
His writing is subtle, skillful and full of emotion.
The themes are mostly men's and women's love, lovesickness and parting, or reflect the leisure life of feudal literati.
Some fresh and profound fine print, written with emotion.
At the beginning of the word "Xing Xiangzi", there is the phrase "what you think, what you cry in your eyes, the right person", which is called "Zhang Sanzhong".
Later, he cited three words that he was proud of all his life: clouds break the moon to make a shadow ("fairy"); "Like laziness, the curtain rolls" ("Return to the DPRK"); "Soft willows shake, light falls without shadow" ("Cut Peony"), known as "Zhang Sanying".
There is a saying in "One Inflorescence" that "it is better to be a peach and apricot than to still marry Dongfeng", which vividly depicts the psychological activities of the dissatisfied wife in the boudoir.
The monk commented that this word is especially "unreasonable and wonderful" in "Wrinkled Shuixuan Flower Thorn".
Poetry is also famous in contemporary times.
His poems are implicit and positive, rich in images and concise in nature, which has a great influence on the history of graceful words in Song Dynasty, and is a hero who can not be ignored in the transition from poetry to slow words.
Chen Tingzhuo, a Ci theorist in the late Qing Dynasty, commented on Zhang Ziye's Ci Yun: "I have little talent, but I am more than enough. Different from Qin, Liu, Yan and Ou, it is unique. It is indispensable in the field of ci poetry.
"(Ci Cong Hua) Chen Tingzhuo also said:" Zhang Ziye's Ci is a great turning point from ancient times to the present.
The former are Yan, Ou, Wen and Wei. Although the festival is there, the melody is not open.
After that, Qin and Liu, Su and Xin, Mei Cheng and Baishi made great efforts to make a comeback, but the ancient meaning gradually lost.
Foliage purple suits it, it has influence and excess.
But the implication is not like Wen and Wei, and the hair is not like the greasy willow in the pen.
Although the scale is narrow, the gas lattice is close to ancient times.
In the thousand years since Ye Zi, the wind of Wen and Wei has stopped.
It also reminds me of the wild.
"("Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci ") appropriately points out Zhang Xian's position in the history of Ci.
X. Yan Shu
Uncle Yan (99 1- 1055) is the same as uncle.
A native of Wengang Township, Linchuan County, Fuzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
/kloc-at the age of 0/4, he entered the exam as a child prodigy, was given a Jinshi background, and was appointed as the provincial secretary. Moved to Taichang Temple to serve, Guanglu Temple Cheng, Shangshu family Wailang, Prince Scheeren, Hanlin Bachelor, Zi, Renzong acceded to the throne, moved to the right to advise the doctor and serve the bachelor. He served as an assistant minister in the Ministry of Rites, worshipped the envoys of the Tang Dynasty, participated in politics and added Zuo Cheng, a minister of history, and worshipped the bachelor of Jixian Hall in celebration.
Yan Shu has successively held important positions, even promoted backward, such as Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi and Ouyang Xiu.
He writes poems in the literary world, especially short stories, with more than 30 Zhu Yu's poems/kloc-0, and his style is subtle and beautiful.
His representative works include Huanxisha, Butterfly Loves Flowers, Walking on the Beach, Breaking the Array, Treading on Magpies and so on. Among them, Huanxisha is a famous sentence that has been passed down for generations.
He is also good at poetry and prose. There are 240 volumes of his original poems, and there are not many existing ones. Most of them are good at elegance and splendor.
His words are good at writing poems, expressing poems, wine, life and leisure, and his language is beautiful, which is greatly influenced by Yan Feng in the Southern Tang Dynasty.
The language of Yan Ci is ingenious and rich, with harmonious phonology, romantic implication, gentle and clean. The original collection has been lost, and only Zhu Yu's Ci and Yan Yi, which were compiled in Qing Dynasty, exist.