First, calligraphy.
One of the traditional plastic arts in China. It refers to the rules of writing Chinese characters (seal script, official script, orthography and cursive script) with a conical brush. Techniques pay attention to writing, pen, ink, stippling, structure, distribution (lines, composition), style and so on. General requirements, such as: when lifting a pen, the finger must be empty and the finger must be Qi Li; Spread the center with a pen; Stippling should be complete and thoughtful; The structure should be horizontal and vertical, and the meaning should echo; The distribution should be complex, with appropriate density and consistency; And advocate personality, style and interest. The art of calligraphy and painting originates from lines, and each has a vivid aesthetic feeling of charm (rigidity) and rhyme (softness). Painting has lines, images and colors; Calligraphy, on the other hand, does not express objects, does not use colors, but only uses abstract lines, so the temperament and charm of its lines are stronger, so calligraphy is called "book potential" between Jin and Tang Dynasties. The art of calligraphy requires subtle and overlapping changes in order to achieve the goal of "extremely sharp style and extremely vivid and strange objects" (quoted from Shen Calligraphy Series). However, the font is not specific. To make it have awesome skills, it is especially necessary to pay attention to brushwork, brushwork and brushwork in order to achieve perfection. Calligraphy has a history of more than 3000 years. Bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are full of artistry. Qin Zhuan, Han Li, Wei Bei, Tang Kai, Song Xing, Ming dynasty, etc. The style is more colorful Famous calligraphers, such as Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, created beautiful, elegant and convenient styles and prepared exquisite fonts, which were highly praised by calligraphers of all ages. There were four great masters in the Tang Dynasty: Ou (), Chu (Sui Liang), Yan (Zhenqing) and Liu (Gongquan), and Huai Su and his Wild Grass also had artistic charm. There were four great masters in Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang (Cai Jing). Qing dynasty was divided into stele school (advocating inscriptions) and post school (advocating copybooks); Zheng Banqiao, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", combined truth, grass, official script and seal script into one, creating a "Banqiao style"; Modern times include Yu Youren and Shen.
Second, the law book.
Calligraphy terminology. Refers to calligraphy works with high artistic level. In ancient times, calligraphy works written on paper and silk were all called "calligraphy books" or "books" Samadhi Calligraphy: "When you write a word, you must be calm. Although there are three strokes between each painting, this is a dharma book. " Wang Anshi wrote a poem in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Good deeds are passed on, and calligraphy posts are empty." . Nowadays, calligraphy works are generally called calligraphy books, which also means respecting the author.
Third, calligraphy.
The meaning is the same as that of "pen and ink". Three Kingdoms Cao Wei Pi's Essays on Canon: "The author is ancient, in calligraphy, and feels the article." Later generations also refer to calligraphy and Chinese painting. Mi Fei Biography of Song History: "Calligraphy is especially wonderful, written by Wang Xianzhi."
Fourth, stones.
Ancient bronzes and stone carvings. Gold refers to Zhong Ding bronzes and the like; Stone refers to stone tablets and stone carvings. It is a kind of print produced by writing on stones, writing down creations, eulogizing inscriptions and praising merits. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor": "The princes recited the merits of the emperor and carved them in stone to show the classics." Zhongding Yi ware began in Shang Dynasty, while stone carving began in Qin Dynasty. During the Han dynasty, stones and stones were abundant, but after the Han dynasty, there was less gold and more stones; Statues flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, while gold wares were handed down less. Tang Dynasty inscriptions are particularly rich. As for the compilation of inscriptions in the past dynasties, it began with Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records in the Northern Song Dynasty. Copying its atlas into an atlas began with Lu Dalin's Map of Bo Gu. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wind of epigraphy archaeology was particularly strong. Gu and Ye Yibao each wrote books, or used stone carvings to textual research on modern ancient prose, or invented six books on inscriptions on bronze, which became a new specialized subject.
V. Original text
Authentic handwriting, not false support and forgery from others. Zhang Huaiguan's Broken Book of the Tang Dynasty: "In May of the sixteenth year of Kaiyuan, the original works of the two kings were published, and books such as Zhang Zhi and others were sent to Jixian Institute."
Six, ink
Ink handwriting. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem written by Lang Zhongqiu, a resident of Zuo Siyuan, "Learn from books to find ink, and make wine to love harmony". The Biography of Ye Fan in the Book of Song Dynasty also records that "ink is on the top, and leaves are at the end of the book".
Seven, rubbings
Books or images extracted from inscriptions and bronzes. Physical objects were first seen in the Tang Dynasty. Methods Rice paper was soaked in water, covered on the inscriptions of utensils, rubbed into a suitable paper bump, and then dipped in ink to make it. In ancient times, vertical paper and oil smoke ink were polished after extension, and the ink was black and shiny, which was called "Wujin Extension"; With horizontal paper, Song Yanmo, green and light, not oily, it is called "cicada wing exhibition". Also known as "Zhu Tuo", the scarlet extension; When a stone tablet has just been shaped or unearthed, it is called "initial extension".
Eight, stone carving
Specifically, it refers to calligraphy and painting carved on stone tablets and cliffs. For example, the stone carvings of Huiji in the Qin Dynasty and the cliff carvings of Ode to Shimen in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Huan Tan's New Theory: "On Mount Tai, there are more than 800 stone carvings, which can be recognized by 72 people."
Nine. monument
A form in stone carving. "The Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty" notes: "The square is a monument and the circle is a monument." Duan Yucai's Notes on Shuowen Jiezi in the Qing Dynasty: "When a dowry is properly noted, there must be a monument in the palace, which shows that the scenery of the sun and the moon is divided into yin and yang; The steles and ancestral halls there are beautiful; Its forests and temples are built of stone and wood. " The Book of Rites Tan Gong:' The government looks at the monument, and the three schools look at the shadows.' (According to the tablet, it looks like a stone tablet. ) Non-stone is also a monument, also called a scorpion; Qin people say that stone carvings are not monuments, but all stone carvings are monuments. Where the stone is carved, the stone is built first, so the original meaning of the monument is known. Wang's Note: "Ancient monuments have three functions: the monuments in the palace can know the scenery of the sun; The monuments in the temple are also beautiful; The tablet of the tomb is also the coffin below. Ji Qin's merits and demerits are also, saying that stones are erected and carved; His words are also the words of the monument after the Han Dynasty. " Song praise with tree monuments began in Qin dynasty and flourished in Han dynasty. Monuments were forbidden in the Jin Dynasty. Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Arts and Literature" in the Qing Dynasty said: "In the early days of Puyi, Shi Pei said:' Inscription to show the future is extraordinary, so it is impossible to Yun Si. Vulgarity is false prosperity, and China has been annoyed for a long time. If you don't ban it, there will be nothing. It is known that the monument is considered to be a different number. "Therefore, it has always been a rare monument.
X. Jie
A form in stone carving. "The Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty" notes: "The square is a monument and the circle is a monument." Today's "Shi Guwen" is carved on a drum-shaped boulder, praising the hunting of the monarch of the State of Qin, so it is also called "hunting".
XI。 inscription
Inscription terminology. A generic term for the head of a monument. "Examples of steles": "If the stele head is carved with tigers, dragons and cranes as ornaments, it is only a GUI head, or there are no other ornaments. It is a GUI head, with a sharp, round and egg shape, which is different. Ghost hand has a word called quantity, the quantity of calligraphy is called quantity, and the title of calligraphy is called. "
Twelve. Sealing capacity
Inscription terminology. After the Han Dynasty, the top of all kinds of inscriptions was called the headstone or the tablet forehead. Because the inscriptions on the tablet mostly use seal script, it is called "seal amount". Han steles, such as Zhang Qianbei and Han Renming, are of high artistic quality.
Thirteen. sealed cover
Inscription terminology. Epitaphs in the Tang Dynasty generally have a stone cover, which is named after the characters on the cover are mostly seal scripts. Seal and seal are similar in content and different in form, but the comprehensive case of epigraphy says: "Seal is seal."
Fourteen Yin monument
Inscription terminology. Ancient inscriptions, in addition to the positive inscriptions, are often engraved with the names of students, old officials or contributors on the back, so they are called.
Fifteen. medicinal tablet
Generally refers to the genus of epitaph. Examples of Monuments: "In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Yu Yang wrote The Story of Jing Xian's Body Tower". Finally, it was detailed in the tablet, and there was no more language. After Wei Chang's monument to the new temple in Feng Wang, there was a monument annihilation language; The name of the future tablet computer is almost from now on. See "stele study".
Sixteen, stele science
1. Also known as "stele study". Research and textual research on the origin, system, similarities and differences between the old and the new.
2. It refers to that in Qing Dynasty, after Ruan Yuan and Bao, learning books advocated inscriptions, forming two schools: North School of Inscription and South School of Postscript.
Seventeen, Xerox
Inscription terminology. It refers to the process of adding ink to the back of the copy of calligraphy hook and copying it to the stone surface. In the Tang Dynasty, people often used special funds to record pulling stones. For example, the words "Zhuge Shen and Li Leshi" are written at the end of the tablet "Preface to Huai Wang Ren Ji".
Eighteen, Zhu Bei
Also known as "Hui Zhu". That is "Xerox".
Nineteen years old, Cliff
Carving the words directly on the cliff wall is called "Cliff". For example, Ode to Shimen in the Han tablet, and the poem and title of Yunfeng Mountain written by Zheng Daozhao in Wei Bei. Xuanhe Pu Shu Zhengshu No.1: "Sui Liang (Chu Suiliang) likes to write official books, and his cliff monument is in Xiluo Longmen."
Twenty, denudation
Refers to ancient inscriptions, and wind fossils have peeled off. Lu You's Notes on the Old Learning Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Han Li is old and eroded by wind and rain, so his words are not revived."
Twenty-one, French post
Also known as "Hou". Refers to the ink of ancient celebrities and calligraphy (including rubbings) carved on stone (or wood) boards. In the third year of Chunhua, Song Taizong (992), Wang Zhu, a bachelor of calligraphy, was ordered to copy ten volumes of calligraphy of Secret Pavilion Collection, with the word "Fa Tie X" engraved at the beginning of each volume, which was collectively called "Chunhua Secret Pavilion Fa Tie". According to legend, the name "Fa Tie" started from here. "Fa Tie Genealogy" said: "Xiling (Song Taizong) attached great importance to calligraphy, published the original works collected by the imperial courts in previous dynasties, and ordered the king to carve ten volumes of the Forbidden City, the ancestor of ancient Fa Tie."
Twenty-two, job learning
1. Zhong You, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and other schools that advocated the book style system below Wei and Jin Dynasties were damaged. To distinguish it from epigraphy.
2. It refers to the study of the origin, version and handwriting authenticity of textual research. Prevalent in Qing dynasty.
No.23, Nangang
Inscription terminology. In Qing Dynasty, Ruan Yuan was divided into North and South factions. There are few inscriptions in the Southern Dynasties, and most of them are inscriptions for opening letters, hence the name. See Dictionary of Calligraphy Terminology of North-South School.
Twenty-four, Shudan
Inscription terminology. Refers to the use of cinnabar to directly engrave words on stone tablets. Lishi: The Story of the Stone written by Cai Yong was carved by workers. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum": "The pen is thin and the ink is fat. Therefore, the book Dan is particularly thin and powerful, while the ripe beauty is often redundant and the dryness is often insufficient. " Later, the epitaph of this book was generally called Shu Dan.
25th, Roger that.
A method of learning the calligraphy of predecessors. Put the tablet aside and imitate its strokes, which is called "pro"; Cover the tablet with thin paper and copy it according to the trace, which is called "copying" or "shadow book" Pupils learn Chinese characters, using the little red book and copying it. The General Records of Dan and Lead quoted York as saying: "Copying two versions is different. Copying posts is like the studio of catalpa people, and the beams are awkward. Although there are guidelines, the association has been established and the weather has its own work. The post is like a pair of pheasants in Qi Fei, a green dog floating in the clouds, and a mighty Wan Li, each with its own interests. " Mei Kui's Continued Book Spectrum in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Beginners have to copy books, and it is easy to reach them." Also known as: "Linshu is easy to lose the position of the ancients, but it is more than the brushwork of the ancients; Copying books is easy to get the position of the ancients, but it loses the meaning of the ancients. Books are easy to enter, books are easy to forget, intentionally or unintentionally. "In addition to copying, there is also a method of" hooking ",that is, covering the inscription or the original with oiled paper, using extremely fine strokes to double-hook the handwriting under oiled paper, and then filling the blank space in the double hook with ink, which is called" hooking ".
Twenty-six years old, Xiang Tuo.
Inscription terminology. A method of copying French books. Because the calligraphy ink is old, the paper color is dark, and the characters are difficult to distinguish, so when forming, it is necessary to cover the paper under the irradiation of light, draw the original strokes, and then fill it with an ink pen. Xiang Tuo is also called "shadow book" and "shadow cover". Hu's Collection of Ancient and Modern Stone Carvings in Song Dynasty is introduced in detail.
Twenty-seven, shadow books
See "Copy" and "Xiang Tuo".
Twenty-eight, tick-tock
Calligraphy terminology. A method of copying French books. Cover the calligraphy book with transparent paper, first use fine pen and double hook, and then use ink to outline and fill it, hence the name. Also known as "double hook profile filling". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui said: "The double hook method must make the ink faint or fill in the outline."
Twenty-nine, washing pills
Inscription terminology. Because of weathering erosion or man-made wear and tear, later generations carved ancient monuments according to the original old paintings, which is called "washing monuments". But once the inscription is washed, the spirit of calligraphy and painting is bound to be disastrous. Yan Zhenqing's Yan Jia Temple Monument, now stored in Xi 'an Forest of Monuments, is the one that was washed.
Thirty, seal script
Font name. 1 generally refers to the ancient characters before the official script of the Han Dynasty. Such as Xiao Zhuan, Wen Shu, Jinwen, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and so on. (2) refers to the essays (such as Shi Guwen) that passed through Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period; Xiao Feng after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries; Wonderful biography of Han dynasty. For example, Wang Mang wrote six books, Three Words of Seal Characters, namely Xiao Zhuan.
Thirty-one, essays
Also known as Shu Shu and Da Zhuan. It was named after it was found in Shi Shuan Pian. Fonts overlap. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it passed through Qin. Today, Shi Guwen is its representative.
Thirty-two, Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Also known as Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Tortoise Shell, Yin Ruins and Zhenbu. The oldest extant script in China. Named after being engraved on tortoise shell bones. In Shang dynasty, tortoise shells and animal bones were often used to write inscriptions and inscriptions.
Thirty-three, writing methods
The method of writing brush characters with fingers holding the pen tube. Writing is the basic means of writing activities. Generally speaking, there are the following points: double bracts (i.e. * double hooks), single bracts (i.e. * single hooks), back wrists, tube pinching, tube gripping and tube pinching. "Five-character writing" (that is, falling, pressing, hooking, stopping and reaching) was synthesized by Zhong You, Wang Xizhi, Yu Shinan and Lu Yanyuan. On behalf of calligraphers, after long-term writing practice, it is considered to be an effective and correct method that conforms to physiological functions.
Thirty-four, stirrup method
A technique of writing brush. Stirrups are used as lamps, so there are also metaphors of holding a pen and raising a finger, such as pulling a wick. There are two main theories. 1. "Book House Jinghua" quoted Lin Wei's stirrup preface in the late Tang Dynasty: "stirrup, stirrup also, cover the middle finger and fingertip with a pen to make the circle easy to turn; If the pen is straight, it is as empty as a stirrup. If you tread lightly on the stirrup, it will be easy to transport. Holding a pen tube in your hand is also shallow and easy to stir. Push, drag, twist, pull, all here. " Second, "Listening to the Peach Blossom Hand" quoted Qian Ruoshui in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Those who rarely get good calligraphy and brushwork in ancient times, Lu Xisheng of the Tang Dynasty got five words, such as slap, pressure, hook, grid, touch and pen, which are rich and wonderful, which is called the dialing method." However, Lu Xisheng's five-character writing method recorded in Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Xuanhe Pu Shu does not have the word "dialing stirrup method". There are two methods with different meanings: Lin E's four-character formula and Lu Xisheng's five-character legal system. The complete dictionary of calligraphy terms comes from/article/wk-78500000839706.html. Please keep this link! . Many scholars say that writing methods are more important than land.
Thirty-five, double hook
Calligraphy terminology. (1) Method of copying French books. The stone in calligraphy is hooked out with thin lines along the outer edges on both sides of its pen face, which is called "double hook". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: "The double hook method will make the ink faint, or fill in the outline, or Zhu Qibei is fat and thin." Lu You has the poem "Mo Miao's Double Hook Iron". ② A technique of writing "hollow words". It is reported that in the Song Dynasty, Pu Yuan tried to write the Taoist Classic with double hooks. The pen and ink are so delicate that the solitary smoke curled in the wind, continuous, or counted, evenly distributed and more charming. (3) The fingering name of the grip is opposite to that of "single hook". Huang Tingjian's evaluation of the book in the Northern Song Dynasty is: "When learning Chinese characters, first make a double hook, two fingers overlap, and press the ring finger with a wrinkled pen. Hold your pen high and let your wrist follow your wishes. " Today, the index finger and middle finger overlap and hook the pen tube, which is called "double hook".
36, single hook
Calligraphy terminology. The name of the fingering. The forefinger grips the pen tube, and the rest of the fingers are placed behind the pen tube. Because only one index finger is used as the main hook, it is called "single hook" as opposed to "double hook". In the Tang Dynasty, Han said, "Seal script can be made straight and accurate with a single hook." In Yuan Dynasty, Wu's "Learning from the Ancient" also said: "To write a seal writing brush, you only need a single hook, that is, you can point the middle finger under the lining, and Fiona Fang is straight and has no finger." Zhu Luzhen's "Introduction to Calligraphy" in Qing Dynasty said: "The index finger with a single hook is uneven, the index finger is hooked to the big finger, and the middle finger is hooked to the name finger. This is a single hook. " In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi used this method to write books, slightly restraining his pen.
Thirty-seven, pillow wrist
Calligraphy terminology. When writing, put the back of the left palm flat under the right wrist, which is called "pillow wrist". Most of them are used to write small characters, and handrails (mostly bamboo) are also useful to replace the left hand pad under the wrist.
Thirty-eight, hanging wrist
Calligraphy terminology. One of the methods of writing. Whether the wrist is flexible is very important for writing. The elbow is not attached to the desktop, and the wrist hangs out of thin air, which is called "hanging wrist". Write only on your wrist and you can't move the pen up and down freely. Hanging the wrist can relax the shoulders, and because there is no obstacle to the strength of the whole body, it is necessary to concentrate on the distal end, so that painting can be healthy.
Thirty-nine, wrist back method
Calligraphy terminology, one of calligraphy techniques. The wrist and palm are bent back, and the fingers are opposite to the chest, hence the name. In the Qing Dynasty, He used this method in his writing. When writing, the wrist and elbow are hung high, which can be lifted up and pressed down, but can't be tilted left and right, which is contrary to the physiological function of ordinary people, so it is generally not used.
Forty, wrist flat and palm vertical.
Calligraphy terminology. Discuss the wrist-palm relationship in writing. Derived from "the fingers are real and the palms are empty". Shen's best friend said, "The palm of your hand should not only be empty, but also stand up. Palm can stand up and wrist can be flat; When the wrist is flat, the elbow can be naturally suspended and the elbow can be used flexibly. " The theory of "vertical palm" is a debate about the writing method of calligraphy. Some people think that the vertical palm can be used as a book, but the wall of the book can be used, which easily affects the flexibility of writing.
Forty-one, Cheng
Calligraphy terms, fingering names of brushstrokes. When holding the tube, the phalangeal bone of thumb is straight, and the inside is slightly convex, forming a long and narrow gap with the flexed index finger, so it is called "phoenix eye". People with prominent phalanges and empty mouths are called "longan", which is another way of writing.
Forty-two years old, ambassador
Calligraphy terminology. The general term for writing and writing is Sun's Book of the Tang Dynasty, which says: "The reasons for the conversion between writing and writing today are shallow and deep, and so on; It is indeed called vertical and horizontal pull. " Zhang Shen said in the Ming Dynasty: "Write with proverbs, so that they can be used." See "Pen Handling".
Forty-three, writing
Calligraphy terminology. Refers to the process of writing in Braille. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: "Generally speaking, if you want to be tight, you can't point to the pen. When you hold the pen with your wrist. Holding hands is not the main luck; It is in the wrist, and the wrist is not the main thing. "
Forty-four, raise your wrist
Calligraphy terminology. One of the methods of writing. Refers to a person who raises his wrist without relying on a table. Its method is to bend the case and lift the wrist, which is mostly used to write medium-sized words. Most calligraphers don't take it because they can't write best by lifting their wrists and elbows.
Forty-five, elbow wrist method
Calligraphy terminology. The method of using elbow and wrist when writing. Zhou Yue's Ancient and Modern Fa Yuan in the Northern Song Dynasty said: If you bend your elbow to the case, you will lift your wrist in vain, and those who hang in the air will be your wrist. In the Yuan Dynasty, Chen Yi once said: "Write small words on the pillow wrist, write small words on the wrist, and write big words on the wrist." Zheng Ping said, "Within an inch, Dharma is in your palm, and one inch away, Dharma is elbow and wrist." The predecessors discussed the elbow-wrist method, which not only emphasized the right wrist holding the pen, but also emphasized the left wrist pressing the paper. For example, Yao Pei in the Qing Dynasty said, "Weigh your wings with your left hand." Weng Fanggang said: "Today, people know that wrist strength is needed at work, but they don't know that the strength of the right wrist must come from the left wrist." Kang Youwei, a close friend, thinks: "When the right wrist is open, it is straight forward, when the wrist is hanging, it should be out." If the left wrist is quite open and the gas stops evenly, the right wrist will benefit from virtual life. "
Forty-six, according to the withdrawal
Calligraphy terminology. The ups and downs in writing and writing. Press, it is a pen to go down; Lift the pen, that is, lift the pen up. If you lift it, the pen can keep the nib in the center. He Jiang in the Qing Dynasty said, "You must mention it after meals and after staying overnight. The person who raises the pen will be reduced to a beard and a squat. " Jiang Heng said, "Anyone who turns the shoulder hook must mention the next step. But the word "lift" is connected faster than influence. If it is later, it will make the shoulder off-line. " Liu Xizai's "Outline of Books on Arts and Literature" said: "All books should be pressed with a pen and lifted with a pen. Distinguish between pressing and not pressing, especially the pen head, distinguishing and mentioning. " "Calligraphers are consistent and not separated according to these two words. Therefore, when you are heavy, you should lift the pen, and when you are light, you should press the pen to avoid dropping and floating the pen. " See "Line Pen"
Forty-seven, wrist movement
Calligraphy terminology. The skill of using a pen. Because of the softness of the brush, writing Chinese characters requires not only the correct writing method but also the correct wrist movement method. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian said that "the wrist follows his own will", lifting the wrist up and down, and adjusting the pen from left to right, "so that the pen heart always moves in stippling", and the strokes written are firm, round and rich in texture.
48, peck
Calligraphy terminology. The skill of stippling with a pen. The eight-character method calls skimming "pecking". Pen pecking should be fast. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, wrote in his Calligraphy Tactics: "If you peck at a beard, you will be ill at writing." In Yuan Dynasty, Chen Yi once wrote in "The Anthology of Hanlin": "Peck it, nod it, leave its tail behind, and lean back slightly, like pecking things with its beak." In Qing dynasty, Bao also said: pecking "is as sharp as a bird pecking, which means that his painting is gradually becoming like a bird pecking".
Forty nine
Calligraphy terminology. The skill of stippling with a pen. The "eight-character method" calls the pen "qi". In ancient times, the cracked sacrifice was called a tomb, and the method of pressing was used as the tomb, which meant that the pen was spread out as far as possible to make it burst. There is also oblique pressure called pressure, and horizontal pressure called wave. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, wrote in "The Art of Calligraphy": "You have to use a pen to send it, and you are proud of it." "You are 30% more expensive, but you will lose it." When writing, the imaginary force leans the pen to the left against the front, folds the front of the paper and turns the pen, spreading it down as controlled as possible until the length is appropriate.
Fifty, Goffa
The word forever is another stroke besides the eight strokes. Legend has it: "(Tang Dynasty) Taizong worked as a worker (regular script) and took (Yu) Shinan as a teacher, often suffering from Gefa. One day, the word' Yan' was empty, and Heather took a pen to fill it in, in order to show it, and claimed that it was a masterpiece, but the word' Yan' was quite realistic. Ge's paintings are very long. If you don't write calmly, it is inevitable that the head and tail are heavy and the middle is light. Han Li Goffa * pays attention to the pen tip when he puts pen to paper, so as not to be stiff. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, said, "For Ge Birun, I hesitated and looked around. "
5 1, center
Calligraphy terminology. When stippling with a pen, keep the main front of the brush on the center line of stippling to distinguish it from the partial front. The money note written in the center is round and textured. In Meng Qian Bi Tan written by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was recorded that Xu Xuan was good at seal script in the Song Dynasty, and it was reflected in the Japanese. There is a wisp of thick ink in the center of the painting, and as for the bend, it is one of them. It is because the pen tip can't fall straight down, so the pen tip is often in the painting, so this pen method is also used.
Fifty-two, collect ink
Calligraphy terminology. The central stroke is named because the stroke front often explodes in the middle of stippling, and the stroke center line is the strongest, which condenses into thick ink lines. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in addition to "Negative Land", he said: "Common (Li's) original works all reveal the beginning and end of his paintings. Looking at the sun, the ink is twice as thick in the middle, and the pen is powerful and not straight down, so the painting is often the front. " In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang's Essay on Painting Zen Treasure commented on the ink of Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu, saying: "It is also a disease that there are too many books about Bo Gong that cannot be suppressed. The front of this red wall fu is full, which is the Lanting of Pogong. Every wave of paintings is everywhere, and there are faint ink marks, such as millet beads, which cannot be conveyed by stone carvings. "
Number 53, flank
Calligraphy terminology. A technique for starting a pen. It means that when writing, the pen tip is slightly sideways and the inking position is sideways. Zhu Hegang's New Interpretation of Linchi in the Qing Dynasty said: "The front is strong and the edge is beautiful. Wang Xizhi took a pencil when he took the book Lanting. " This brushwork was first formed when official script evolved into regular script. It adds chic beauty to Fang Bi's handwriting. The winger is mostly used to gain motivation and turn into a center. Commonly used by Jin people.
Fifty-four, fold the front
Calligraphy terminology. A skill of using a pen when changing the direction of strokes. Refers to the pen-receiving gesture, which is different from the pen rotation, that is, when the pen tip changes direction, it turns from the positive side to the negative side, or from the negative side to the positive side. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui's "Continued Book Spectrum" said: "At the beginning of the text, there was a front and a front. Their bodies are written at the beginning. Whenever writing, the first word is mostly a cover, and the second and third words are mostly a cover. If the right side between words is mostly positive, it should be left. " Folding is sharper than stippling and creating postures. In Qing Dynasty, after Bao's book "Liu Wenqing Four Scholars Fu", he said that his brushwork was "to create momentum by folding the front, and to take the posture by folding the front"
55, the front bread is good
Calligraphy terminology. The skill of using a pen. The pen goes in the opposite direction. "Think first, think left first." In the future, with a round pen, the nib is restrained in the middle of stippling, which is called "wrapping the front". Such as Cao Quanbei and Shimen Ming.
Sixty, against the front.
Calligraphy terminology. A technique of writing brush. In order to hide the front and spread the front, the method of "first down, then right, first left" is adopted, and the words written in the opposite direction, called "reverse face", are often full of vigor and vitality. Liu Xizai in the Qing Dynasty said, "If you want to write with a sharp pen, you must use an inverse formula. Le Zefeng leads the right tube to the left tube, and Nuze leads the lower tube, which is also the case. However, it is just a secret machine, and it is wrong. "
No.61,crouch in the front
Calligraphy terminology. Squat, which means to stay. It's the same as squatting. In calligraphy, squatting and squatting are two methods.
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Generally speaking, crouching before refers to the crouching potential in the pen's slow motion, and crouching before refers to crouching first, retreating then advancing. Zhang Huaiguan's "Forbidden Sutra in Yutang" in the Tang Dynasty said: "Fall in front, slow down the squat festival, and the weight is positive"; "If you are in front, you are also in the pen. If you have a husband, you must squat first."
62. Jin Cuodao
(1) The laudatory name of calligraphy pen. "Tan Hui" contains: "The Southern Tang Dynasty (Yu) is good at writing and vigorous as cold pine and frost bamboo, which is called it." The book of Xuanhe said: "The Jin Cuodao method was used to make noodles, which was also refreshing and another method. The book of the late master Jin Cuodao, with the method of three strokes, became a painting in his later years, so it trembled like a book