Question 1: What are the Eight Monsters of Yangzhou? The Eight Monsters of Yangzhou do not refer to eight monsters, but the collective name of eight calligraphers and painters from the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Xie, Luo Pin, Huang Shen, Li Fangying (English in Cantonese pronunciation), Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Li W (Eel in Cantonese pronunciation) and Wang Shishen, etc.
Question 2: What are the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"? Which eight people? Because Li Yufen's "Bibliographic Examination of Calligraphy and Paintings of the Oubolo Chamber" is the earliest and most complete record of the "Eight Eccentrics", most people still refer to the eight proposed by Li Yufen in the late Qing Dynasty. Namely: Wang Shishen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Li Eel, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, and Luo Pin.
1. Zheng Xie [Zheng Banqiao], the leader of the Eight Eccentrics
Zheng Banqiao and his "Bamboo and Stone Pictures"
Banqiao during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, sitting facing the paper The shadow of the bamboo in the window spread out his pen and ink to draw his favorite bamboo. "The autumn wind passed by the window last night." He saw the breeze passing through the bamboo leaves and saw the bamboos swaying. Banqiao's theory of painting bamboo is that he has "no idea". He did not learn from a teacher. He painted bamboo mostly from the sunlight and moonlight on paper windows and painted walls, and he directly adopted the natural method. In response to Su Dongpo's statement that "you have a clear mind", Banqiao emphasized that you have "no knowledge of the bamboo in your mind" and "have no bamboo in your mind". The two theories may seem contradictory, but in essence they are similar. They emphasize the high degree of combination of conception and skilled skills, but Banqiao's method should be "like thunder and thunder, and vegetation growing in anger." In Banqiao's "Bamboo and Stone Picture", the bamboos are drawn thin and straight, standing tall and straight into the sky. Each of its leaves has a different expression. The ink is watery and has different shades, which realistically represents the bamboo. texture. In terms of composition, Banqiao coordinated the positional relationship between bamboo and stone and the text of the poem. The slender and rustic beauty of bamboo sets off another style of stone. This clump of plants becomes the ideal phantom of Banqiao. Regarding Banqiao's bamboo, even Jin Nong, the leader of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", lamented that compared to the paintings of the two of them, the bamboo he painted was not as forest-like as Banqiao's.
2. Gao Qipei
His flower and bird fans are created with his fingers. Gao Qipei's finger-painted fan has two birds with elegant shapes, while the poem on the peonies says, "It is also similar to the rouge-painted peonies. The sun had already risen when the painting was done. It turns out that the flowers come from the country of Fusang, and people are not allowed to look at them in the moonlight." , the poem is quite interesting. What is surprising is that the picture suddenly appears with extremely beautiful peonies, which are extremely beautiful. Instead, they have the aura of self-destruction and unbearable decay after a beautiful time. The peonies in full bloom exude a decadent beauty in the spring breeze. Gao Qipei (1672-1734), whose courtesy names were Wei Zhi and Wei San, and whose names were Qieyuan, Nancun and Shuqiedaoren. The ancestors moved from Shandong to Tieling, Liaoning, where they served under the banner of Xianghuang Banner of the Han Army and served as Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He was the teacher of Luo Pin, the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Gao Qipei is good at painting with his fingers, and the "finger painting" he pioneered has become an important genre in painting. In his later years, Gao Qipei's finger painting reputation spread far and wide to North Korea, but he still painted "his nails were so damaged that they sucked blood, and he burned candles frequently every day". In the eighth year of Yongzheng (AD 1730), he responded to the imperial edict and painted in the Ruyi Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan for three years, creating fine silk paintings such as "Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River". Gao Bing's "Finger Painting Theory" records that Gao Qipei once worked for Lu Shuntu, Minister of the Ministry of War, and painted a standing portrait, which was as tall as a real person. After the painting was completed, Lu Shuntu was ecstatic and said: "What a wonderful skill! What a great advancement!"
3. Jin Nong
Jin Nong (1687-1764), His courtesy name is Shoumen and his nickname is Dongxin. He is from Hangzhou and is known as the leader of the Eight Monsters. He was erudite and talented. He began painting after the age of fifty and remained poor throughout his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially plum blossoms. His paintings have ancient and simple shapes, elegant layouts, and innovative ideas. His works include "Dark Plum Blossom Picture", "Moon Flower Picture" and so on. He created a unique official script style, which he called "lacquer script", which is also interesting.
4. Li E
Li W (1686--1762), courtesy name Zongyang, also known as Futang and Chao Daoren, was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu. In the 50th year of Kangxi's reign, he passed the imperial examination. In the 53rd year of Kangxi's reign, he was invited to serve as a painter in the inner court. He was excluded because he did not want to be bound by the orthodox painting style. In the third year of Qianlong's reign, he was selected as the magistrate of Teng County, Shandong Province, and returned because he disobeyed the officials. After Liangge was demoted, he went to Yangzhou to make a living by selling paintings. He has the closest relationship with Zheng Xie, so Zheng You sells paintings in Yangzhou and grows old with Li. In his early years, he learned landscape painting from his fellow villager Wei Lingcang and inherited Huang Gongwang's path. When he was serving in the imperial court, he studied painting with Jiang Ting, and his painting techniques were exquisite. Later, he sought advice from Gao Qipei, a master of finger painting, and further advocated freehand brushwork.
In Yangzhou, he was inspired by Shi Tao's brushwork, so he painted with broken brushes and splashed ink. His style changed drastically, and he formed his own unique style of free and easy blending of ink and ink. He liked to write long inscriptions and postscripts on the paintings, with uneven handwriting. The picture is very rich, and his works have a great influence on the flower and bird paintings of the late Qing Dynasty.
5. Huang Shen
Huang Shen (1687-1770 later), also known as Gongmao, also known as Gongshou, also known as Yinglaiao, Donghai Buyi, etc., was born in Ninghua, Fujian. ......>>
Question 3: What does "Eight Eccentrics" in "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" mean? Where are the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"? A bumpy life experience There are different opinions on where the "eight weirdos" of Yangzhou are. Some people think they are weird, but in reality, this is not the case. The Eight Monsters themselves have experienced ups and downs. They have a sense of injustice, infinite anger, and deep sympathy for the poor. With their keen insight and kind sympathy as intellectuals, they criticized ugly things and people, either in poems or in calligraphy and painting. Although this kind of thing is not uncommon in Chinese history, it is not common either. It is natural for people to regard it as "weird". However, their daily behaviors did not exceed the scope of etiquette at that time, and they were not as indulgent as the literati of the Jin Dynasty - pretending to be crazy, crying and laughing. They communicated with officials and celebrities, participated in poetry receptions, and behaved like normal people. Therefore, it makes no sense to judge them as "weird" based on their daily behavior. Now we can only study their works. The idea of ????creating an original path The "Eight Eccentrics" (Jin Nong, Wang Shishen, Huang Shen, Li W, Zheng Xie, Li Fangying, Gao Xiang, and Luo Pin) do not want to follow the path that others have created, but want to find another path. They want to create "articles that shake the heavens and earth, words that shock thunder and rain, words that curse gods and ghosts, and paintings that are unprecedented in the past." To establish themselves, they must be different from the ancients, not follow the current customs, and have an original style. Their works go against people's appreciation habits. People find them novel and feel a little "weird". As Zheng Xie himself said: "The writing is unique, and the poetry is good." Most of them went through ups and downs in life, and finally embarked on the road of making a living by selling paintings. Although they sell paintings, they express their feelings through paintings. They have higher pursuits in the art of calligraphy and painting, and do not want to join the ranks of ordinary painters. Their knowledge, experience, artistic accomplishment, profound skills and artistic pursuit of innovative ideas are different from those of ordinary painters, and they have reached the realm of new ideas, new compositions and new techniques. Unconventional techniques Chinese painting has a long history and a long history. Among them, literati painting has flourished since the Tang and Song Dynasties, gradually enriched and developed, formed a complete theoretical system, and left a large number of works. This is the pride of Chinese painting. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many painting schools have emerged in various parts of China, each with its own characteristics, competing for dominance in the painting world. The most influential ones were the Yushan and Loudong painting schools headed by the "Four Kings". In Yangzhou, the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" painting style headed by Jin Nong and Zheng Xie formed. These painters have inherited and carried forward our country's painting tradition, but they have different views on inheriting the tradition and creating methods. Painting schools such as Yushan and Loudong emphasize copying and learning from the ancients, taking compliance with ancient laws as their principle, taking the promotion of ancient laws as their own responsibility, and claiming to be "authentic". Their creative method, as the "authentic" painter Wang Hui said, is to "use the straight ink of the Yuan Dynasty, use the hills and valleys of the Song Dynasty, and use the Qi and rhyme of the Tang Dynasty to paint, which is a great success." They followed the footsteps of the ancients, and most of their works were imitations of the works of ancient masters (of course there were also creations in imitations of antiquity), forming a rigid situation that restricted the hands and feet of painters. The "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" schools also respect tradition, but they are different from the "authentic" ones. They inherited the creative methods of Shi Tao, Xu Wei, Zhu Da and others. They "learned their intention without looking at the signs" and did not adhere to the ancient method of copying. For example, Zheng Banqiao admired Shi Tao, and when he learned from Shi Tao, he also "left out half of it, and half of it did not mean that he had learned the whole thing." Shi Tao had an important influence on the formation of the artistic style of "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". He proposed "learning from nature" and "using my own methods" and opposed "immuting the past". He asked painters to absorb creative materials from nature and emphasized that works must have a strong personality. He believes that "the men and eyebrows of the ancients cannot bear my appearance; the hearts and souls of the ancients cannot enter my belly and intestines. I use my heart and soul to reveal my men." Shi Tao's painting ideas laid the theoretical foundation for the emergence of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" and their application in practice. The "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" found inspiration from nature and found themes from life. They were unique in their writing and did not want to be the same as others, which was refreshing at the time.
People often regard things they rarely see as weird, so they feel novel about the works of "Eight Eccentrics" that express their own souls and gallop freely, and call them weird. There are also some painters who are accustomed to tradition and think that the paintings of the "Eight Monsters" are beyond the standards, so they belittle the Eight Monsters, saying that they are partial masters and heretics, saying that they "show newness for a while, and are only popular in a hundred miles." Appreciators praised their works for their unrestrained and free-flowing brushstrokes, which were not bound by established and ancient methods. They broke the rigid situation at that time, brought new vitality to Chinese painting, and influenced and nurtured later... >>
Question 4: Who are the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou? What do they each do? There is no consensus on which painters the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" refer to. Some say eight, some say more than eight; some say these eight, some say the other eight. According to various writings, there were as many as fifteen people. Because Li Yubo's "Bibliographic Examination of Calligraphy and Paintings of Luo Shi" in the late Qing Dynasty was the earliest and most complete record of the "Eight Eccentrics", so most people still refer to the eight proposed by Li Yubi. Namely: Wang Shishen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Li E, Huang Shen, Li Fangying, and Luo Pin. As for other painters mentioned by others, such as Ruan Yuan, Hua Yan, Min Zhen, Gao Fenghan, Li Mian, Chen Zhuan, Bian Shoumin, Yang Fa, etc., they can also be incorporated because their painting styles are similar. Because the character "eight" can be regarded as a numeral or a divisor. It’s just a profession, you can’t say whether he is a positive or negative character.
Question 5: Who is Zheng Xie one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"? A famous painter and calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty; his original name was Zheng Xie, his courtesy name was Kerou, and his name was Banqiao, also known as Zheng Banqiao
Known for his "weirdness"
1. Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou (Jin Nong, Wang Shishen, Huang Shen, Li Xian, Zheng Xie, Li Fangying, Gao Xiang, Luo Pin) 2. Where is the weirdness (strange paintings, weird writing, weird temperament, weird behavior)? Banqiao's "weirdness" is a bit like Jigong Living Buddha. There is always a bit of sincerity, a bit of humor, and a bit of sourness in Banqiao. . Whenever he saw corrupt officials and traitors being paraded through the streets, he would draw a picture of plum blossoms, orchids, bamboos and stones and hang them on the prisoners as a screen to attract the audience and serve as a warning to the people.
Question 6: Who are the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou? The theory of "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" has been around for a long time. However, the names of the eight people are different from each other. According to Li Yubo's Bibliographic Examination of Luo Shi's Paintings and Calligraphy, the "Eight Eccentrics" are Luo Pin, Li Fangying, Li Eel, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang and Wang Shishen. In this sea, there are Gao Fenghan, Hua Yan, Min Zhen, Bian Shoumin, etc. who are listed as "Eight Monsters" in various books. The opinions are very inconsistent. Today's people choose the number of "eight" mostly from Li Yubisao
Question 7: Who are the eight figures known as the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty? Zheng Banqiao is good at painting flowers, wood and rocks, especially orchids and bamboos. The beauty of the orchid leaf is painted with burnt ink, borrowed from the cursive script, with the vertical strokes in the middle, and the long strokes to transport it. More is not chaotic, less is not sparse, and it breaks away from the customs of the time, and is extremely beautiful. The book is also unique, with half official and regular script, and is called "six-and-a-half-point book". He also practiced painting during the period. The seal writing force is simple and ancient, and the writing is simple and elegant. He was an unruly man. He selected county magistrates as Jinshi, wrote poems and wines about daily affairs, and transferred Wei County. He asked for relief for the people because of the famine. He disobeyed the officials and returned home. He lived in Yangzhou and gained a great reputation. Indulge in the mountains and rivers, and take a drunken countryside tour with poets and wild monks. At that time, he wrote about Cong Lan and Skinny Stone in the lounge and on the wall of the monks, and wrote random sentences, which made the viewers marvel. Author of "The Complete Works of Banqiao", engraved in handwriting. The paintings he sold were well-educated and were praised for a while. He is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". His poetry, calligraphy and painting are known as the "Three Wonders" in the world, and he is good at painting orchid and bamboo. Throughout his life, he painted and wrote about bamboo the most, followed by orchids and stones, but he also painted pines and chrysanthemums. He was a relatively representative literati painter in the Qing Dynasty. [1]
Question 8: What are the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou? 40 points The representative of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou is Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765). Zheng Banqiao was an arrogant and upright person. He was good at painting orchids, bamboos, chrysanthemums, and stones. He was also good at poetry, calligraphy, and painting. He made independent contributions to the art of Chinese calligraphy and painting. offer.
The other seven people of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou are:
Wang Shishen (1686-1759) was a modern man who was good at painting plums and bamboos.
Li Chan (1686-1757), also known as Zongyang, was good at painting flowers and birds.
Huang Shen (1687-1770), also known as Gongshou, was good at painting figures.
Jin Nong (1687-1764), also known as Shoumen, was good at painting plums, bamboos and flowers.
Gao Xiang (1688-1752), also known as Feng Gang, was good at painting landscapes.
Li Fangqing (16 Ding 5-1752), named Qiuzhong, was good at painting pine, bamboo, plum orchid.
Luo Pin (1733-1799) was a calligrapher who was good at painting landscapes and figures.