Fifteen deletions
Xing vs. waste, Fu vs. climbing 1, Lucao vs. Shuangsuge 2, Ge Lian vs. borrowing bandits, Xi Kong vs. Xi Yan 3.
The mountain is Leilei, the water is gurgling, and the wall is facing Tanluo 4. Written by Lishan Gongdan, Zhongni deleted 5 verses from the poem.
The donkey's sleepy guest has just passed through Ba River, and the rooster has left Hanguan 6.
Frost has been flying for several nights, and Cang Hong has spoken to Beisai: The fog has been dark for several mornings, and there is no black leopard hiding in Nanshan 7
—Note—
1 Attached: attached.
Climb: to cling to, to attach to.
2 Jian (pronounced jian): a kind of thatch, also known as Suga grass and bract grass. The stems can be used to make ropes, and the thin leaves can be used to build roofs.
3 Ge Lian: Lian refers to Lian Fan (Yu Shudu) from the Eastern Han Dynasty.
According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Lian Fan Biography", when he was the prefect of Shu County, he abolished the previous order that prohibited people from lighting lamps and working at night to prevent fires. He only asked people to store more water to prepare for fires. . The people found it convenient and were very grateful to him. They sang: "Uncle Lian, why did you come so late? Fire is not forbidden, and the people live in peace. I have never had such a good job in my life." (Uncle Lian, why are you here so late? No night is forbidden With fire, the people lived in peace. In the past, they didn't even have clothes, but now they have five pairs of trousers. )
Kou refers to Kou Xun, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Kou Xun Biography", Kou Xun was the prefect of Yingchuan. His government was peaceful and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. He was later transferred from this place. Once Kou Xun passed by Yingchuan with Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. The people stopped Emperor Guangwu on the road and said: I hope to borrow Mr. Kou from you for another year (to govern Yingchuan).
The Lian Fan and Kou Xun mentioned in this couplet are both good officials who can serve the people.
Study Confucius: Confucius refers to Confucius.
Learn Confucius, learn Confucius.
Xi Yan: Yan refers to Yan Hui (ziyuan), a disciple of Confucius, whom the Confucian school revered as the "Fusheng".
Xi Yan, I hope I can learn to be like Yan Hui.
Hope, admiration, desire, here is the meaning of hoping to achieve (to a certain extent).
4 Fengbi: This is about Zhao Guolin Xiangru, see Liuyu Note.
Here we just borrow its literal meaning to form a contrast with "tanruo".
Exploring the lock: This is the story of Jin Yanghu, from "Endorsement·Yanghu Biography".
When Yang Ku was five years old, one day he suddenly asked his wet nurse to fetch the golden hoe he usually played with. The wet nurse said, we don’t have such a thing at home! Yang Hu immediately ran to the next door neighbor Li’s house and found it. A golden pewter was taken out of the hole of the mulberry tree beside the east wall. The Li family was shocked and said, this is what my dead son lost. Why did you take it? The wet nurse came and told what Yang Hu had said. The Li family was very sad and everyone found it strange. She said that the son of the Li family It is the predecessor of Yang Hu.
5 Gongdan: That is Zhou Gongdan (also known as Zhou Gong), named Ji Dan, the son of King Wen of Zhou. He assisted King Wu of Zhou to eliminate King Zhou of Shang and establish the Zhou Dynasty. According to "Historical Records: The Family of Duke Zhou of Lu", the ritual and music system of the Zhou Dynasty was formulated by Duke Zhou.
Zhongni: the word of Confucius.
According to "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius", there are more than 3,000 poems in ancient times. When they reached the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius sorted and deleted them and selected poems that were in line with Confucian ethics and etiquette and were elegant in diction. * 305 chapters have become the "Book of Songs" that has been passed down to this day.
6 These are two allusions.
The first couplet is about Meng Haoran, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. See the note on Liuyu on the volume.
The second couplet comes from "Historical Records·The Biography of Mengchangjun".
During the Warring States Period, Lord Mengchang was the Prime Minister of Qi State and had many followers. Once, Lord Mengchang went on a mission to Qin and was detained by the King of Qin. With the help of his retainers, he managed to escape and fled to Hangu Pass. However, it was still dark and the door was closed tightly, so he could not escape. Someone among Mengchangjun's guests could crow. When he crowed, the chickens in the residents' houses around the checkpoint also crowed. The official guarding the gate thought he had opened the door at dawn, and Mengchang Jun successfully escaped from the gate and fled back to Qi.
7 Beisai (pronounced sai): a remote place in the north.
Fortress, border, dangerous place.
The Black Leopard Hidden in Nanshan: From Liu Xiangzhuan of the Western Han Dynasty·Table 2·Tao Xizi and his Wife", Tao Taizi dealt in pottery and became rich through corruption and theft.
His wife dissuaded him and said: I heard that there is a black leopard in Nanshan, hiding in the thick fog. It does not eat for seven days, trying to make its fur moist and form beautiful patterns. As for animals like pigs and dogs, they eat everything they see indiscriminately, gain weight quickly, and are eaten by humans. Tao Taizi refused to listen to the dissuasion, so his wife took the children and left him. Later, Tao Taizi's crime was exposed and killed.
Still pairing with honour, extravagance vs. frugality, foggy bun vs. smokey servant girl. The cry of an oriole is compared to the noise of a magpie, and a single crane is compared to a pair of pheasants 2.
Huangniu Gorge, Jinma Mountain 3, knotted grass and ring 4. There are only jade collections in Kunshan, and there are pearls in Hepu.
Ruan Jijiu is the white of his eyes, Lao Laixin loves the spots on his clothes 6.
1 Ju Dui Shang: Ju Dui Shang is used as an adverb, and both have the meaning of returning and admiring.
Xie (striking qian): thrifty, stingy,
2 Pheasant (sound xian): also known as silver pheasant, shaped like a pheasant, with mostly white feathers. Liu Xiang's "Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing" of the Western Han Dynasty said that the King of Minyue once presented a pair of white pheasants and a pair of black pheasants to Emperor Gao.
3 Huangniu Gorge: The name of a dangerous shoal on the Yangtze River. In today's Yichang, Hubei Province, there is Huangniu Mountain on the beach, with yellow boulders on it, which look like a man holding a knife on his back. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Shui Jing Zhu·Jiang Shui" said that the Yangtze River here is winding and winding. The local folk song says: "The yellow cattle are sent out in the morning, and the yellow cattle stay in the evening. Three mornings and three dusk, the yellow cattle remain the same." (Sail the boat from Huangniu Mountain in the morning, and go to Huangniu Mountain in the evening. I still saw the cattle and walked for three days and three nights. The cattle were still in front of me as before)
Jinma Mountain: near today's Kunming City, Yunnan. Gu Zuyu of the Qing Dynasty said in "Records of Reading History Fangyu" that this mountain "is opposite to Biji Mountain in the west, more than fifty miles away, and it is the Dianchi Lake".
4 Jie Cao: The incident occurred in the fifteenth year of the "Zuo Zhuan" Xuan Gong.
In the autumn, before his death, Wei Wuzi, a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, ordered his son Wei Ke to bury his concubine. After Wu Zi died, Wei Ke did not obey his father's orders and remarried the concubine to someone else. Later, during the war between Jin and Qin, Wei Ke and the Qin warrior Du Hui fought each other. When they saw an old man tying a knot in the grass, he tripped Du Hui, and Wei Ke captured him. Later at night, Wei Ke dreamed that the old man said to him, "I am the father of the concubine you remarried."
Title ring: See "Xu Qi Xie Ji" written by Liang Wujun of the Southern Dynasties.
When Yang Bao of the Han Dynasty was nine years old, he saw an injured oriole. Yang Bao took it home and carefully treated and fed it. After more than a hundred days, it recovered from its injury and flew away. That night, a boy in yellow came and said that he was the yellow bird. He was the messenger of the Queen Mother. She thanked him for saving his life and gave him four white jade rings. He said: Put on this jade ring and you will be happy. May your descendants be of high quality, like this white jade ring, and become high-ranking officials at the position of Sangong.
5 Kunshan: Kunlun Mountain, located between Xinjiang and Tibet. The ancients believed that it was a place where immortals lived together and produced beautiful jade.
Shepu: The name of a county in the Han Dynasty, in the area of ??today's Haikang County, Guangdong. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Mengchang" says that Hepu County did not produce food, but the sea was rich in pearls. Later, because of the greed of officials, the pearls were moved elsewhere. After Mengchang became the governor of Hepu, he abolished the bad government and banned officials from searching, and the rare plants returned to the sea in Hepu County.
6 These are two allusions.
See the four notes on the first couplet about Ruan Ji.
The second couplet can be found in Xu Jian's "Ji Xue Ji·Seventeen·The Biography of Filial Son" written by Tang Dynasty.
Lao Laizi was a hermit from Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, his parents were still alive when he was nearly seventy years old. He often wore colorful clothes and imitated the way children played and cried to make his parents happy.
"Lao Lai entertains relatives" is one of the twenty-four filial piety according to legend.
The pronunciation here is zhuo, which means to put on or wear.
7 Qichi: a continuous word, meaning to live in seclusion and retreat.
Grass, clothing and wood food: Use grass as clothing and the fruits of trees as food.
Stealing: Continuous words, beautiful appearance.
The alluring woman: This refers to a beautiful woman who can make the king confused and lead to the overthrow of the country. "The Book of Songs·Daya·Zhanyin" has "The city can be destroyed, and the wise woman can conquer the city" (a wise and wise man can save the country, A cunning beautiful woman can bring down a country). Later, it also generally referred to beautiful women. "Book of Han·Biography of Wife's Wife" quoted Li Yannian's song and said: "There are beauties in the north, peerless and independent. Once (looking back), they will captivate the city, and then (second time), they will captivate the country."
She is so charming that all the people in the city fall in love with her.
Yao versus Song Dynasty, Liu versus Yan 1. Reward the good and punish the evil. Sorrow versus dream, cleverness versus foolishness.
Kong Beihai, Xie Dongshan 2, sent Yue to conquer the barbarians 3, heard the obscene sounds on Pushang, Liqu Tingyangguan 4.
The general's robe is white and the child's clothes are old and white. 5.
There is no one in the thatched hut, but it is hard to clear the dust on the couch: there are guests in the bamboo pavilion, but the wind and moon are still left in the window 6.
--Ning Shi---
< p> 1 Yao vs. Song: Yao and Song respectively refer to Yao Chong and Song Jing during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. They became prime ministers one after another. Historians believe that Yao and Song contributed the most to the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty.Liu Duiyan: Liu Duiyan refers to the two great calligraphers Liu Gongquan and Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu is good at regular script, with a strong and charming structure, and strict rules; Yan is good at regular script and cursive script, with strong writing power, which is called "Yan Jin Liu Gu" in the calligraphy circle.
2 Kong Beihai: refers to Kong Rong (zi Wenju) in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was named because he served as the prefect of Beihai during the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.
Kong Rong had a noble family background. He was good at literature and one of the seven sons of Jian'an. He was killed by Cao Cao because he ridiculed Cao Cao a lot.
Xie Dongshan: refers to Xie An of the Jin Dynasty.
According to the "Jindu·Xie An Biography", Xie An was very talented, but he lived in seclusion in Dongshan. He declined recruitment from the court many times. He did not start politics until he was forty years old. Because of his outstanding achievements, he became a minister. He was in charge of the personnel department and was awarded the title of General of the Empress. He was a famous minister of the Jin Dynasty. However, although he was an important minister of the imperial court, his ambition to live in seclusion in Dongshan never changed, which was often expressed in his words and expressions.
3 Barbarians: ethnic minorities in the south. The Zhan people have their own names for the ethnic minorities in the four directions: Nanman, Beidi, Dongyi and Xirong.
4 Obscene sounds: music beyond normal limits.
The ancients believed that the music that led to the collapse of the country and the love songs of men and women during trysts all fall into this category.
Pushang: a place name, that is, above the Pu River: sometimes used to refer to the place where obscene songs originated.
Zheng Xuan's note in "Notes·Legends of Music" states that King Zhou of Shang, the king of the country's subjugation, once ordered his musician Shi Yan to compose the music of Mi Mi. Later, Shi Yan threw himself into the Pu River and died: "Han Shu·Geography" "Part Two" says that Zheng and Wei are separated by the Pu River, but young men and women often meet and sing love songs in the mulberry trees by the Pu River (originally referring to the mulberry forest, but later changed to the name of the place).
Yangguan: A pass set up in the Han Dynasty, it was the only way to the Western Regions. It was named because it was south of Yumen Pass, and its original location was in the southwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province. Wang Wei, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote "Send Off the Yuan Dynasty to Anxi": "The rain in Weicheng is light and the dust is light, and the guest houses are green and the willows are new. I advise you to have a glass of wine. There are no old friends when you leave Yangguan in the west." Therefore, the poem's situation It was so moving that it was later included in the Yuefu and sung again. It was called "Yangguan Sandie" and was used as a farewell piece.
5 骁 (sound xiāo) general: brave general.
Xiao, brave and agile.
Rengui: Xue Rengui, a brave general during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting, wielded a halberd, wore two bows, and wore white clothes. He made outstanding achievements in the campaign in Liaodong. He was worshiped as General Benwei and granted the title of Pingyang County. Gong Laolai: See previous note.
Spots: colorful and beautiful colors.
6 But: exempt.
The first paragraph "Mountain Leilei" is the first part of the poem "Mountain Leilei". According to "Shuowen": "Lei refers to the numerous stones." "Fortification refers to the military wall." Also, Leilei, "Chu Ci·Nine Songs·Mountain Ghost": "Three beauties are gathered in the mountains, and the stones are Lei Lei." "Ge Manman"
Hong Xingzu's additional note: Lei, all the stone features. Barrier,
"Guangya·Exegesis 4": Barrier, heavy.
"Selected Works·Cao Pi (Shanzai Xing)" "I still look forward to my hometown, how can I build a base." Li Shan annotated and quoted "Guangya" to explain it.
Both of them can be connected, but it seems that "base base" is better.
Gurgling, "Guangyun"; Gurgling, the appearance of water.
The overlapping mountains and the flowing water are a work of art.
From the original book of Gu Cong's "Sound Poems".
Note 7 of the second paragraph, it is incorrect to say that "alluring the city made the whole city fall in love with her".
The word "pour" here should mean to overturn or defeat, rather than to pour one's heart out.
In fact, the word "pour in the heart" should also be interpreted as pouring out everything, so it means overturning. The meaning of Qingcheng is to cause the country to overthrow and perish.
The city here refers to the country.
Note 4 of the third paragraph says that "it was later included in the Yuefu and chanted repeatedly, and was called "Yangguan Sandie"", which is incorrect.
Shortly after this poem was written, it was sung by music in the mid-Tang Dynasty, but this cannot be called "inclusion in Yuefu". Moreover, it is not called "Yangguan Sandie" because of the so-called "repeated chanting".
Mr. Ren Bandang's "Tang Sheng Poems"; "After this poem was put into music, it was called "Weicheng Song". Anyone who calls "Yangguan" mostly refers to the sound, not the name of the music.
The Song Dynasty people renamed it "Yangguan Song" or "Yangguan Three Pieces" because of its three-fold singing method, so as to take away the original name of "Weicheng Song".
The so-called "three-fold singing method". "The singing methods have been different since the Tang and Song Dynasties. It is still unclear how the "three folds" were originally performed. It is probably that except for the first line, each of the next three lines is sung twice, which is called "three folds".