Liu Yong (an official during the reign of Qing Qianlong)
Liu Yong (1719-1804), whose real name was Confucianism, was a politician and calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, and his father Liu Tongxun was an important official in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong sixteen years (175 1) Jinshi. Successively served as imperial academy Jishi Shu, Taiyuan Magistrate, jiangning house Magistrate, Bachelor of Cabinet, and Bachelor of Tijen Hall. He is famous for obeying the law, being honest and upright. Liu Yong, a famous calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, has profound calligraphy attainments and is called "Prime Minister of Thick Ink" by the world. Jiaqing died in December of the 9th year (1805+0), wenqing, posthumous title.
The life of the character
Early life
Liu Yong was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province in the 58th year of Kangxi (17 19). His family was a noble family at that time. His great-grandfather Liu Bixian was a scholar in Shunzhi period, his grandfather Bai Liu was a minister in Sichuan, and his father Liu Tongxun was a famous minister in Qianlong Dynasty. Liu Yong grew up in a noble family, and his family members have been officials for generations, so he received a good education since childhood.
Primary occupation
Sixteen years of Qianlong (175 1 year), Liu Yong,
He took part in the senior high school entrance examination and palace examination as a juren, and was awarded the second place in Dimethyl Jinshi. He was awarded the title of imperial academy Jishi Shu, who worked as an editor in a library, and was soon promoted to assistant lecturer, which became the starting point of his career.
In the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun, was imprisoned for failing to handle military affairs, and Liu Yong was also punished for being implicated. Later, the father and son were released, and Liu Yong was reduced to imperial academy for editing. In the 21st year of Qianlong (1756), Liu Yong was released as a local official. After that, he mainly served as a local official for more than 20 years, and successively served as a magistrate in Anhui, Jiangsu, Taiyuan and Jiangning. During his tenure as an official, Liu Yong basically inherited his father Liu Tongxun's integrity, ability and efficiency, and rectified the accumulated drawbacks in the imperial examinations and bad habits in officialdom within his own power to do practical things for the people. At the same time, he actively carried out the emperor's will, checked the banned books and arrested the socialist party, which was praised by the emperor.
In the 21st year of Qianlong (1756), in June, Liu Yong took the post of examiner after the entrance examination in Guangxi, and was promoted to study politics in Anhui in October. Before Liu Yong went to Anhui to take up his post, Gan Long also specially summoned and wrote poems, including the sentence "Haidai Gaoshi, Yingzhou New Hanlin", which means that he hopes Liu Yong will not disgrace the lintel and make contributions. During his tenure, Liu Yong neglected to "ask the counties and counties to restrain them and make them behave properly" and put forward practical remedial measures, which were affirmed by the emperor.
In October of the 24th year of Qianlong (1759), Liu Yong was transferred to Jiangsu to study politics. Emperor Qianlong also presented poems before his appointment, which shows that he has high hopes for Liu Yong. Liu Yong also lived up to his mission, took politics seriously, and tried Yangzhou after his studies. Due to strict control, some people who want to cheat finally dare not enter the stadium. He also wrote to the emperor, saying, "County officials should pay more attention to those who make trouble in prison and do not create love. (Administrative officials) are afraid of unruly people, prison and professional services, so that they are hesitant and don't distinguish between the innocent and the innocent. After committing a crime, the person who should be responsible for reform is not responsible for reform. It' s really a slap in the face, and lawyers are guilty of betraying each other. " This view was profound and timely, which won the appreciation of Emperor Qianlong and praised him for "knowing the political power". [4] Liu Yong served as the official of Jiangsu twice, and his official style changed from strict and rigid to peaceful and soothing, but his seriousness was consistent.
Changes of official life
In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), Liu Yong was appointed as the magistrate of Taiyuan. After thirty years of Qianlong (1765), he was promoted to Jining Daotai. In the second year, Liu Yong was dismissed and sentenced to death for neglecting the order in Yangqu County. However, Emperor Qianlong loved talents and forgave them. All he had to do was send them to the podium for atonement. After being pardoned in the second year, he worked as a walker in a calligraphy office.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong (1769), Liu Yong was reused for his father's sake and was awarded the magistrate of Jiangning. Liu Yong cherishes this opportunity very much and is famous for his honesty. People admire Liu Yong's character and compare it to Bao Zheng in the Song Dynasty. Later, in the early years of Jiaqing, Tanci "Gong Liu Case" was adapted from Liu Yong's story of solving doubts and making decisions for the people when he was a magistrate in Jiangning.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772), Liu Yong was transferred to Shaanxi as a provincial judge.
The following year, when his father Liu Tongxun died, Liu Yong resigned and went home to pay his respects. Forty-one years after Qianlong (1776), Liu Yong returned to Beijing after the mourning period expired. The Qing court read Liu Tongxun's achievements for many years, awarded a bachelor's degree in cabinet, and served in the south study room. 10, served as deputy director of Sikuquanshu Library, and appointed presidents of Map of Western Regions and Sun Jiuwen Kao. In July of the following year, he served as the examiner after taking the provincial examination in Jiangnan, and soon resumed the political examination in Jiangsu. During his tenure, Liu Yong illegally quoted the works of Xu Shukui, a juren from Qin Zhou, to disobey orders and demanded that he be punished according to law. At the end of the year, he was transferred to the right assistant minister of the household department, and later he was transferred to the right assistant minister of the official department because of his meritorious service and outstanding achievements in supervising schools.
Forty-five years after Qianlong (1780), Liu Yong was promoted to the governor of Hunan. At that time, many places in Hunan were affected by disasters, and some disaster-free counties were repeatedly robbed and corrupt officials were rampant. After Liu Yong took office, he found out the reasons, impeached corrupt officials according to the facts, and suggested dealing with them strictly. While taking stock, we will build battlements and grain storage to help the victims. Just one year later, the national treasury was full and the people had plenty of food. Liu Yong was loved by the local people.
Forty-six years after Qianlong (178 1), Liu Yong was promoted to Shi Yu, the left capital of Douchayuan, and in March of the following year, he took a post in the South Study Room, and soon became the president of Santongge. At this point, the suggestion Qian Feng impeached Shandong Governor Guo Tai for cronyism, and instructed Liu Yong to try Shandong Governor's fraud case with Xiao Shenyang. Liu Yong went to Shandong to pretend to be a Taoist priest. After a private visit on foot, he learned that Shandong had been affected for three consecutive years, and Guotai invited him to enjoy the drought. When collecting taxes, all those who were unable to pay were taken care of, and nine people who had interceded for the people in the province were slaughtered. Liu Yong truthfully reported to the court, ordered the opening of the warehouse to relieve the people, and detained Cathay Pacific to return to Beijing. By this time, the imperial concubine had pleaded for Cathay Pacific, and some suggestions were echoed. Small Shenyang also intends to protect Cathay Pacific. Liuyong then counted Cathay Pacific's crimes according to the evidence obtained from the civil investigation, argued and finally brought Cathay Pacific to justice. Later, people wrote a popular novel "Case" based on this incident, praising Liu's adult of this "Bao Gong formula".
In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), Liu Yifeng was transferred to Beijing at the suggestion of Zuo Du, and took the south study room. At that time, small Shenyang was a hot topic, and Liu Yong could only "pretend to be a snake, but tolerate it humorously", which showed the other side of his being an official: in the face of the special favor of small Shenyang when he was in Qianlong, Liu Yong had to be silent, self-centered and ridiculous.
The official voice is fading.
Forty-eight years after Qianlong (1783), Liu Yong was promoted to the position of governor of Zhili, official department minister, and was also in charge of imperial academy affairs.
Qianlong fifty-one years (1786), served as deputy director of Yuting. However, in the following years, Liu Yong kept making mistakes, his official voice became worse, and he was repeatedly scolded by the emperor.
At the beginning of fifty-two years of Qianlong (1787), Liu Yong was reprimanded for revealing the conversation with the emperor about Cao, and was expelled from the university. In August, Qianlong entrusted Liu Yong to preside over the sacrificial ceremony at the Confucian Temple, and was illegally attended by Qing Debao of Taichang Temple because he did not bow as required. In the summer of the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), while Liu Yong was in charge of imperial academy, there was a bribery case in which the candidates who had obtained the township examination were fed to the court officials, and Liu Yong was impeached by Yu Shizhu and punished. In April of the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), the masters who went to the study room could not reach the study room for a long time. As a chef, Liu Yong refused to correct and was demoted to assistant minister. In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong (1793), Liu Yong served as the examiner of that year's examination, but his improper arrangement for marking papers led to a large number of papers being illegal and unqualified.
In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), the emperor made an exception and hired Gao Dong, a senior minister of the Ministry of Finance, as a college student, while Liu Yong, who was more experienced, was excluded. The emperor asked Liu Yong whether the newly elected magistrate Dai Shiyi was competent. As a result, Liu Yong said yes In fact, Dai Shiyi is very incompetent.
In April of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Liu Yong was awarded a bachelor's degree in Tijen Pavilion, but he was still accused by the emperor of never being sincere and lazy. He also said that Liu Yongcai was promoted because there was no one else. [12- 13] In May, Liu Yong went to Shandong with Shangshu Qinggui to handle a case and watch the Yellow River burst. Liu Yong wrote to request to build a dam at the breach and divert the downstream, and the court adopted the opinion.
begin/start well and end well
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), in March, Liu Yong was awarded the title of Prince Shaobao, and was ordered to handle the case of using power for personal gain and planting bribes in Shenyang, a university student in Wenhua Temple. Liu Yong once again showed his fear of power, and found out 20 crimes such as extortion, plundering people's fat, and pocketing his own money by Xiao Shenyang and his followers, and reported them to the court. Jiaqing immediately executed Xiao Shenyang. At the end of the fourth year of Jiaqing (1800), Liu Yong made a brief statement on the management of grain transportation, and he had a deep understanding of the loopholes in grain transportation. His concern for the country and people cannot be expressed in words. After seeing it, Emperor Jiaqing was deeply impressed. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (180 1), Liu Yong became the director of the pavilion. In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), the emperor drove Jehol and ordered Liu Yong to stay in Beijing to preside over the state affairs. At this time, Liu Yong is over eighty years old, but he is as light as ever, with bright and cold eyes.
In the 9th year of Jiaqing (180565438+1October), Liu Yong died at his home in Shilu Hutong, Beijing, at the age of 85. On the day he died, he was on duty in the south study room, gave a banquet at night, and died that night. According to Xiao Ting Zalu, Liu Yong's nose dropped by more than an inch when he died, which is just in line with the meaning of being good at liberation in Buddhist language. It can be said that he died naturally and his merits were satisfactory. After his death, he gave the gift to posthumous title Wen Qing, Prince of Taibao, and went to Shenxian Temple for a funeral.
Major achievements
politics
Liu Yong was born in a noble family and his ancestors were all scholars. His father, Liu Tongxun, was the official to the prime minister and won the trust of Emperor Qianlong. Therefore, Liu Yong's official career has a deep family origin. Liu Yong has been an official for more than 50 years, and his career has been ups and downs. When he reached the highest position, he was a great scholar in Tijen Pavilion. Generally speaking, he was honest and clean, inherited the mantle of his father Liu Tongxun, and became an important minister in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.
calligraphy
Liu Yong is not only a politician, but also a famous calligrapher and master of calligraphy research.
Known as one of the four great calligraphers in Qing Dynasty (the other three are Prince Cheng, Weng Fanggang and Tie Bao). In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Ke praised Liu Yong: "Wenqing calligraphy is comparable to the voice of Huang Zhong and Lu Da, the instrument of clearing the hall and clearing the hall, and it has been promoted to the crown of a generation of calligraphers. Gai combined the calligraphy of past dynasties and formed his own family. The so-called golden voice and jade, the success of the cluster is also great. I have been on the stage since I entered the dictionary, and my physique has changed repeatedly, which makes people unpredictable. " Liu Yong is a talented and creative calligrapher, who studies the ancient times without sticking to the rules. Liu Yong's calligraphy is characterized by strong ink, vigorous and unique. Liu Yong's books are especially good at small letters. Later generations are full of praise for his short stories, including not only the testimony of Zhong You, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, but also the style of short stories in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Liu Yong also worked as a literary scholar, studied hundreds of classics and history, and studied and textual researched ancient prose, which made him famous for a while.
collect
Liu Yong likes collecting books. His family has a wide collection of books. In addition to the four subsets of classics and history, he also collects Buddhism, Taoism, books, rubbings, calligraphy and paintings, operas, novels, tanci, music scores and peace talks, as well as strange stones, inkstones, brushes and guqin.