Where are the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou?
Rough life experience
There are different opinions about where the "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" is. Some people think they are strange, but in fact, they are not. Eight eccentrics have experienced ups and downs themselves. They are full of injustice and infinite anger, and show deep sympathy for the poor. They attack ugly things and people with the keen insight and kind sympathy of intellectuals, whether in poetry or painting and calligraphy. This kind of thing is not uncommon in the history of China, but it is not uncommon. People will naturally treat it as "strange". However, their daily behavior did not go beyond the scope of ethics at that time, nor did they indulge like Jin literati-playing dumb and laughing. They communicate with officials and celebrities, attend poetry receptions and behave like normal people. Therefore, it is unreasonable to assume that they are "weird" from their life behavior. Now we can only study them in their works.
Unique idea
Eight eccentrics (Jin Nong, Wang, Huang Shen, Shan Li, Zheng Xie, Li, Gao Xiang,) don't want to take the road that others have already started, but want to find another way. They want to create "articles that show the sky and the ground, words that shock thunderstorms, words that curse ghosts, and paintings that have never existed in the past" to stand on their own feet, that is, to be different from the ancients, not to follow the customs, and to have a unique style. Their works violate people's appreciation habits and make people feel novel, so they feel a little "strange". As Zheng Xie himself said, "Words are unique and better than poems." Life was bumpy for most of my life, and I finally embarked on the road of selling paintings for a living. Although they sell paintings, they express their feelings with paintings, and they have higher pursuit in the art of painting and calligraphy, and are unwilling to flow into the ranks of ordinary painters. Their knowledge, experience, artistic accomplishment, profound skill and artistic pursuit of innovative ideas are different from ordinary painters, and they have reached the realm of new ideas, new compositions and new techniques.
An unconventional technique.
China's painting has a long history, in which literati painting flourished from the Tang and Song Dynasties, gradually enriched and developed, and formed a complete theoretical system, leaving a large number of works, which is the pride of China's painting. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been many painting schools in China, each with its own characteristics. Yushan and Loudong, headed by the "Four Kings", have the greatest influence, while in Yangzhou, the painting style of "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", headed by Jin Nong and Zheng Xie, has been formed. These painters inherit and carry forward the tradition of Chinese painting, but they have different views on inheriting the tradition and creating methods. Yu Shan, Lou Dong and other painting schools emphasize copying and learning from the ancients, take observing the ancient law as the principle, take strengthening the ancient law as their own responsibility, and pretend to be "authentic". Their creative method, as Wang Hui, an "authentic" painter, said, is "a great achievement to paint with the straight ink of Yuan people, to transport the mountains and valleys of Song people and to polish the charm of Tang people". They followed the ancients and followed suit, and their works were mostly imitations of ancient masters (of course, there were also antique creations), which formed a rigid situation and bound the painter's hands and feet.
Smooth brush strokes
"Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" also respects tradition, but it is different from "authentic". They inherited the creative methods of Shi Tao, Xu Wei and Zhu Da. , did not copy the ancient laws. For example, Zheng Banqiao worships Shi Tao and he learns from Shi Tao. He also "stayed half, learned half, and never learned all." Shi Tao has an important influence on the formation of the artistic style of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics". He put forward "learning from nature" and "using my method", opposed "mudding", required painters to absorb creative materials in nature, and emphasized that works should have strong personality. He believes that "the ancients could not bear my face; The hearts of ancient people could not enter my stomach. I feel my heart spontaneously and show my eyebrows. " Shi Tao's painting thought laid a theoretical foundation for the emergence of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" and applied it to practice. "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" found inspiration from nature, sought themes from life, and wrote books by itself, not willing to be like others, which was refreshing at that time. People often regard their rare things as weird, so they feel strange about the works of "Eight Eccentrics" that express their hearts and gallop freely, and call them weird. There are also some painters who are used to tradition. They think that the paintings of "Eight Eccentrics" are beyond the limits, so they belittle the Eight Eccentrics, saying that they are partial teachers and heretics, and that they are "unconventional and only popular in thyme". Admirers praised the bold brushwork of his works, which broke away from the shackles of the established method and the ancient method, broke the rigid situation at that time, brought new vitality to China's painting, and influenced and nurtured later artists such as Zhao, Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong.
Te Li's high standard behavior
They hated the vulgarity, treachery and flattery prevailing in the officialdom at that time. Except, Li and San, the other eight people took "Lu Lian" and "Jie Zhitui" as models all their lives and refused to be officials until their death. Even Zheng Banqiao, an official, is different from an ordinary official. When he took office in Shandong, he first dug hundreds of holes in the wall of the old government and led them to the street, saying it was "impolite of former officials" and asked him to be honest and clean. Most of the interests of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" are integrated into poetry, painting and calligraphy, and will never whitewash peace. They use poems and paintings to reflect people's sufferings, vent their inner anger and anguish, and express their pursuit and yearning for beautiful ideals. This is the case with Zheng Banqiao's Fierce Class, The Road of the Master and Escape from the Wilderness. Eight eccentrics like painting plum, bamboo, stone and orchid best. They use the arrogance of plum, the coldness of stone, the height of bamboo and the delicate fragrance of orchid to express their interests. Among them, Luo Pin also loves to draw ghosts, and the ghosts in his works are various, and he explained that "there are ghosts everywhere", and the characteristics of ghosts are that "when you are rich, you will follow the wall snake, and when you are poor, you will be ridiculed". This is not drawing ghosts, but clearly tearing off the skins of corrupt officials who cling to the trend and oppress the poor through ghosts and returning them to their true colors. In that era when the feudal system was extremely cruel and the literary inquisition flourished, they dared to be different and unconventional. No wonder a governor shook his head and called it "strange, strange". Deng Tuo once wrote that "the strange names of Yangzhou were blown by the Song Dynasty, and Lan Zhuying was accompanied by the sound of books", which can be regarded as a summary of their "strange" characteristics.
Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics Memorial Hall Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics Sculpture is a group of painters and painters with similar styles who lived in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty, or Yangzhou Painting School. The theory of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" has a long history. But eight people have different names. , Li, Li Yi, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang and Wang are the "Eight Eccentrics" in Li Yubao's "Review of Oberlo's Calligraphy and Painting". In addition, there are Gao, Hua Yan, Min Zhen and Bian Shoumin. Being listed as "Eight Eccentrics" in various books, opinions are very inconsistent. Today, people put the number of "eight eccentrics" on Li Yubang's head. It is nearly a hundred years from the rise of Kangxi in the last years to the death of Luo Pin, the youngest painter among the Eight Eccentrics in Jiaqing four years. Their paintings are numerous, widely circulated and immeasurable. According to the catalogue of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics compiled by modern people, more than 8,000 paintings have been collected by more than 200 museums, art galleries and research units at home and abroad. As an outstanding group in the history of painting in China, they have become famous all over the world. Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics was very famous before his death. Shan Li, Li, Gao and Li Mian were summoned by emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong respectively, or tried to draw or entrusted them. In the eighth year of Qianlong, Li Hong saw the cherry bud map written by Zheng Xie, which is the oval seal of Zhu Wen, the treasure of Qianlong Royal Tour. In the 13th year of Qianlong, when Li Hong made a southern tour, he named Zheng Xie "History of Calligraphy and Painting". Luo Pin has traveled three times. "At that time, the corporal Wang Gongqing Yin of Xiyuan, the East Pavilion guest, and Wang Fu were at the door, afraid of being late; Meng Gong was shocked, and his face was clear that the bold and innovative style of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics was passed down by later painters. Famous painters in modern times include,, Zhao, Wu Changshuo, Ren Bonian, Ren Weichang, Wang,, Wang Yiting, Chen Shiceng, Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Huang and Pan Tianshou. They are all influenced by the works of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" in some ways. Most of them spoke highly of the works of "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics". Xu Beihong wrote an inscription for Zheng Xie's Zhu Lan: "Mr Banqiao is one of the most outstanding figures in China in the past 300 years. His thoughts are strange, his style is strange, and his calligraphy and painting are especially strange. Looking at his poems, paintings and calligraphy, I want to see Gao Zhi, but also reflect benevolence and sadness in amazement, especially rare among ancient and modern geniuses. " There is also a saying in Yangzhou that the "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" refers to the "Ugly Eccentrics" in Yangzhou. Because the artistic style of Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics was not recognized by the so-called orthodox painting school at that time, they pursued nature, that is, truth and reality, so they moved some life-oriented and civilian works into their paintings and even exposed the dark side of society. This behavior harmed the interests of the rulers, saying that they were all "ugly monsters" in the painting world, hence the name of Yangzhou Eight Monsters. Finally, literary theorists sum up "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" as 15 people. There is a memorial hall in Yangzhou where there is a statue of 15 people.
The Forming Factors of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou"
Yangzhou has been famous for its economic prosperity since Sui and Tang Dynasties. Although it experienced the disaster of changing soldiers, it always recovered quickly after the war because of its superior geographical position, convenient transportation, fertile land and rich products. In the Qing Dynasty, although it was destroyed by the massacre on the 10th, it developed in the three generations of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, and became a metropolis along the southeast coast of China and an important trade center in China. Dajia, a wealthy businessman, is rich in many places around, especially salt industry. Economic prosperity has also promoted the prosperity of cultural and artistic undertakings. Scholars and celebrities from all over the world gathered in Yangzhou. At the initiative of local officials, poetry receptions are often held. Poetry creation enjoys a high reputation throughout the country. Some salt merchants, who are rich and arty in themselves, attract more receptions to celebrities from all over Yangzhou. Yangzhou has thus attracted many celebrities from all over the country, including many poets, writers and artists. Therefore, Yangzhou at that time was not only the economic center of the southeast, but also the center of culture and art. In order to meet the needs of his luxurious life, dajia, a wealthy businessman, had great demand for exquisite handicrafts, precious pearls and jade, fresh clothes, delicious food and other material and spiritual products, and he was even more eager for calligraphy and painting. As far as the wind is concerned, middle-class families among ordinary people even seek rooms for hanging calligraphy and painting to show elegance. There is a folk proverb called "there is no calligraphy and painting at home, it is not an old home." The huge demand for calligraphy and painting attracted and produced a large number of painters. According to "Yangzhou Painting Boat", there are more than 100 well-known local painters and painters from all over the world, many of whom were famous at that time, and "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" is one of them. The works of Yangzhou Painting School, represented by "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", have distinct personalities in both material selection and composition. The formation of this artistic style is closely related to the innovation trend of painting circles at that time and the change of people's aesthetic taste. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, China's painting was trapped by conservative thoughts, with copying as the mainstream, and the painting world lacked vitality. This flagging wind has aroused the dissatisfaction of people of insight and talented painters, and Shi Tao, a great painter who advocates innovation, appeared in Yangzhou. Shi Tao's slogan of "pen and ink should keep pace with the times" and "can't get away from it" shook the painting world like footsteps in an empty valley. Shi Tao's theory and practice "opened a school of Yangzhou", and finally gave birth to a group of innovative painters such as "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics".
Who are the famous "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"?
There are different opinions about which painters "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics" refer to. Some people say it's eight, others say it's more than eight; Some people say these eight, others say the other eight. According to various writings, there are as many as fifteen people. In the late Qing Dynasty, the eight eccentrics were recorded earlier and most completely in Li's Comments on Painting and Calligraphy in Ou Tuoshi, so most people still take the eight eccentrics proposed by Li as the standard. Namely: Wang, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Li Yi, Huang Shen, Li,. As for the painters mentioned by others, such as Ruan Yuan, Hua Yan, Min Zhen, Gao, Li Mian, Chen Zhuan, Bian Shoumin, Yang Fa, etc. It can also be included because of similar painting styles. Because the word "eight" can be regarded as a number or a divisor.
1. Zheng Xie
Zheng Xie (1693- 1765), a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu, was the champion of Kangxi in the imperial examination of Zheng Xie (Zheng Banqiao). He was a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. Officials in Fanxian and Weixian counties in Shandong province have a political voice, demanding to relieve the hunger of the people and to be big officials, so they ask for illness. Before and after he became an official, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by painting and calligraphy. He is good at drawing orchids, bamboos, stones, pines and chrysanthemums. But he painted orchids for more than 50 years and achieved the most outstanding results. Take the method from Xu Wei, Shi Tao and Badashan people to form a family law, which is sparse and strong. Calligraphy, with China's eight points mixed into cursive script, claims to be six and a half books. Calligraphy pen is integrated into painting. It advocates inheriting tradition, taking seven and abandoning three, and paying attention to artistic originality and diversification of styles. The so-called "don't set a pattern before painting, don't leave a pattern after painting" still has reference significance today. Poetry is sincere and interesting and deeply loved by the people. It can also be cured and printed. There are complete works of Zheng Banqiao, printed copies of Mr. Banqiao, etc. His masterpiece is a picture of bamboo and stone. Banqiao takes "there is nothing to do in the chest" as the theory. He painted bamboo without the teacher's inheritance, but more from the sunlight and the moon shadow on the paper window powder wall, so he adopted a natural method directly. In response to Su Dongpo's statement that he had a well-thought-out plan, Banqiao stressed that he should have a well-thought-out plan. These two theories seem contradictory, but they are similar in essence. At the same time, they emphasize the high combination of conception and skill, but the method of Banqiao should be "like lightning and thunder, and all plants are angry." Banqiao's "Bamboo Stone Map" shows that bamboo stands tall and straight, rising from the ground. His leaves, each with a different expression, are dark and watery, with distinct shades, vividly showing the texture of bamboo. In composition, Banqiao handled the relationship between the position of bamboo and stone and the words used in poetry very harmoniously. The slender and quiet beauty of bamboo sets off another style of stone. This overgrown plant has become an ideal dreamland for Banqiao. Even Jin Nong, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", lamented the bamboo in Banqiao. Compared with their paintings, the bamboo he painted was not as elegant as Banqiao. Banqiao calligraphy, which claims to be "six and a half books", is painted in bluegrass, which is very natural and elegant, and the glyphs of seal, official script, grass and kai are extremely diverse. This running script of "Two Rest Yanglin Crossing the Head to the East" embodies the unique formal beauty of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy art, and the word "Peach Blossom Shore" is particularly beautiful and moving. The unique style of Zheng Banqiao's new book initiated the history of calligraphy. Shi Lan map, Shibi map, Zhu Lan map and Nine Orchids map.
2. Gao Xiang
Gao Xiang Gao Xiang (1688- 1753), a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, was a painter in the Qing Dynasty and one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Household cloth. Good at painting landscapes and flowers. His landscape paintings are based on Hong Ren and Shi Tao, and most of his small landscape paintings come from sketches. Beautiful and elegant, it has its own pattern. Plum paintings are all thin and thin, and they all win with rhyme. He is also good at taking pictures. Jin Nong and Wang's poems are all small portraits printed first, that is, written by Gao Xiang, with concise line drawing and realistic performance. Fine carving, learning process ear. He is also good at poetry, including West Tang Poetry. In his later years, he often painted with his left hand because of his disability in his right hand. Make friends with Shi Tao, Jin Nong and Wang. In the Qing Dynasty, Li Dou recorded in The Original Boat of Yangzhou: "When Shi Tao died, the Western Tang Dynasty swept his grave every spring until his death." It means that after Shi Tao's death, Gao Xiang visited the grave every spring until his death. We can also see the depth of their friendship from here. In addition to painting landscapes and flowers, Gao Xiang is also good at portraits and prints. Yangzhou Scenery Picture One Finger Play Pavilion Picture Two Yangzhou Scenery Picture Two
3. Jinnong
Jin Nong (1687-1764), whose real name is Jin Xin, was born in Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, and lived in Yangzhou for a long time. I have never been an official in my life, and I was recommended to be a scholar and a poet. I entered Beijing and came back without trying. He is well-read and versatile. He began to paint after the age of 50 and was poor all his life. He is good at flowers and birds, landscapes and figures, especially ink painting and plum blossom. His paintings are simple in shape, elegant in layout and novel in conception. His works include Mu Meitu and Moonlight Flower Map. At first, he created a kind of official script, calling himself "lacquer script", which had another interest, and was also called Jin Nong style or Dong Xin style. His strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and his fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful. Fine seal cutting and identification, good at painting bamboo, plum, pommel horse, Buddha statue, figure and landscape. You, Mo Mumei, are full of vitality and flourishing leaves. It is also related to Gu Zhuo's stone brushwork, and its style is quaint and simple. His works include Mu Meitu and Moon Flower Map. He is also good at chanting, "Every time you finish painting, there must be an inscription, which is explosive." He is also good at calligraphy, taking the method from Tianfa Qin Shen Monument, Guo Shan Monument and Gulang Monument. Writing official script is very simple. Regular script creates its own style. The so-called "lacquer script" has another interest. It is also called Jinnong style or Dongxin style. The strokes are thick and thin, elegant and heavy, and the fonts are mostly rectangular, top-heavy and very beautiful. Seal cutting existed in Qin and Han Dynasties. His poetry collections include Mr. Dong Xin's Collection and Mr. Dong Xin's Miscellaneous Collection. In Dong Xin, calligraphy and painting inscriptions are compiled into bamboo paintings, plum paintings, horse paintings, self-portraits and miscellaneous paintings. Mo Mei Dou Fang Tu Ju Hua Tu Wu Yu Li Tu
4. Li eel
Li Shan (1686- 1762), a native of Xinghua, Jiangsu. Kangxi was promoted in fifty years, and in fifty-three years, painting was called a sacrifice of the imperial court. Because I don't want to be bound by orthodox painting style, I am excluded. After three years of Qianlong, he was elected as the magistrate of tengxian and returned to the provincial government. After two different titles and a demotion, he went to Yangzhou to sell paintings for a living. He has the closest relationship with Zheng Xie, so Zheng has the saying that "Yangzhou sells paintings and is old with Li". In his early years, he learned to paint landscapes with Wei, a fellow countryman, and inherited Huang all the way. When he worshipped the court, he learned to paint with Jiang Ting. Later, he asked the master of finger painting for advice and advocated freehand brushwork. In Yangzhou, he was inspired by Shi Tao's brushwork, so he splashed ink with broken pens, and his painting style changed greatly, forming his own unique style. In this style, pen and ink blended into a strange taste. He likes to draw long articles, and his writing style is uneven, which makes the pictures very rich, and his works have a great influence on flower-and-bird painting in the late Qing Dynasty. Sanyang Kaitaitu Banana Goose Bajiaoxuan Stone Map
5. Huang Shen
Huang Shen (later 1687- 1770), a freehand figure in Huang Shen, was born in Ninghua, Fujian. He is good at freehand brushwork figures, intercropping flowers and birds, landscapes and bold colors. As one of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, he is an all-round painter. When I was young, I studied hard and lived in a small temple because of family difficulties. "Books are paintings, and there is no wax at night. I read in the bright light of the Buddhist temple. " He is good at drawing numbers. In his early years, he studied under the official Zhou Dynasty and did more meticulous work. Later, inspired by the original work of Huai Su, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, he painted with wild brushwork and became a freehand brushwork. Huang Shen's freehand brushwork figures created a unique style of putting cursive script into painting. When Huai Su's cursive script arrived in Huang Shen, it became "bald", and the combination of cotton was intermittent, with more bold brushwork and bolder style. Such a wild brushwork, the brushwork is "swift as the wind", the weather is majestic, and the stippling is like a wind leaf. Huang Shen's figure paintings, mostly based on fairy tales, depict the lives of historical figures and ordinary people such as woodcutters, fishermen, vagrants and beggars in real life, bringing a new breath to figure paintings in Qing Dynasty. Huang Shen's photo album "Beauty Watching Flowers" depicts a beauty's obsession with flowers. The map of Xishan crane is based on Su Shi's Flying Crane Pavilion. On the right side of this picture, there is a white crane. The old man seems to be looking up at the cranes flying in the air. The boy is holding a flower basket, but he is very happy. "I dreamed of Yangzhou Road all my life, and the empty cranes returned" (Huang Shen's "Crane Training in Lin Bu"). Huang Shen lived in Yangzhou twice and spent 17 years in Yangzhou, which became his lifelong attachment. His figure paintings are the most distinctive, including four-LUN diagram, group begging diagram, fisherman diagram and so on. His poems were collected by fellow countryman Hong Lei and compiled into Jiaohu Poetry Collection. A photo of a man with a piano, and a photo of a woman with a bottle in Zhong Kui.
6. Li
Li (1695 ~ 1755), a poet in China in the Qing Dynasty, was born in Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu), with his real name, alias, Yiyuan and Baiyishan. Living in Jinling Borrowing Landscape Garden, claiming to be the owner of Borrowing Landscape Garden. It is one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Born in an official family, he once served as Le 'an County Magistrate, Lanshan County Magistrate, Qianshan County Magistrate and Chuzhou Magistrate. When you are an official, you are "benevolent." Later, he was dismissed for false accusation. After he became an official, he borrowed a garden in Nanjing, became the owner of the garden in his own name, and often went to Yangzhou to sell paintings. Have contacts with Li Shan, Jin Nong and Zheng Xie. Specializing in poetry, calligraphy and painting, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine and fish. He pays attention to the tradition of learning from nature and can be unique. His brushwork is vigorous, his knife method is simple and vivid. It is listed as one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou. There are handed down "Wind Bamboo Map", "Fish Tour Map" and "Meme Map". The author of Plum Blossom House Poetry. He is good at drawing pines, bamboos, orchids, chrysanthemums, plums, miscellaneous flowers, insects and fish, and is also good at drawing figures and landscapes, especially plums. The works are free and unconstrained, full of ink and brush, careless and informal, which is intended to be between Ivy League, Bai Yang and Zhu Han. Plum paintings are famous for their thin and hard stems and new branches, and their sides are curved. "Plum blossom means" is printed in the user's room, and the famous poem Shi Mei has a sentence "Don't blame for being frustrated". I also like to draw pine and bamboo in the strong wind. The work "Shi Neng" was edited by later generations, and there were only 26 poems, mostly scattered in paintings. Wind, Bamboo and Plum Blossom Picture Qiu Jutu
Li is neither from Yangzhou nor has he lived in Yangzhou for a long time to sell paintings, such as Huang Shen and Jinnong. Why did he walk sideways in the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou"? On this issue, 1980 "China Literature and History" published in the third series of Guan Jincheng's "Li Heredity" has been verified. Its main points are as follows: 1. Personality and painting skills are equivalent to those of the other seven people (according to, Jiang, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie,); 2. Before the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Tongzhou was only a scattered state under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. When Li entered the school in the 57th year of Kangxi (17 18), his native place was Tongzhou, Yangzhou prefecture, so he was from Yangzhou in a broad sense. Li's friendship with the head of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou can be seen from the Flower Map and Three Friends Map created by the above-mentioned people. First of all, Zheng Banqiao admired Li's painting skills and spoke highly of them. Ink bamboo is the best stunt, but he still thinks that Li's ink bamboo is "Dongpo, awesome", and even Su Shi, the master of ink bamboo, is "afraid of it", which shows his high evaluation. As for the ink plum that Li is best at, the discussion is more specific and the evaluation is higher. In the "Li Hua Mei Long Scroll" written five years after Li's death, he said: "You can't draw well. Plum blossom, what the world does not do, is even worse. Only vulgar monks do this. Every time I see a large piece of charcoal propping up my eyes, I feel sick. When Li Sige of Jingjiang is alone on earth, it is difficult to see the work and talk about it. Therefore, his plum painting is the best in the world. Staring at the day, thinking at night, forgetting clothes, forgetting the taste, and then attracting the god of plum, the nature of plum, the charm of plum, and the love of plum, plum also obeys and cannot be cut out. The so-called tailor never cuts, but really cuts; The so-called characterization, never characterization, is the real characterization. It's advisable to stop having fun, and people don't do things. If there are people who don't know, ask Qingjiang. They don't know and can't tell anyone. When I came to Tongzhou to see this volume, my spirit deepened and my interest dropped. Gu Gan, a new branch of this volume, is full of dance, and it is hard to find its ups and downs. I want to sit under it, do my homework for ten days and then go to my ears. " On May 13th, the 25th year of Qianlong, Xie was rambling. "In this painting, he also wrote a four-character poem; Megan's bite, Grandpa Mei, several petals of ice soul, ancient snow. According to the postscript of Zheng Banqiao's "Ding Youyu Portrait Volume on Huang Shen Painting" in the same period ("Banqiao Painting and Calligraphy Rubbings Collection", the original is hidden in Nantong Museum), "Hao Xiangshan, the servant of Qingjiang Gong Li, treasured his master's pen and ink like an arch wall and asked for an inscription for the old man in Banqiao. "We know that Zheng Banqiao's second visit to Tongzhou was in the early summer of the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), when he was sixty-eight. Hao Xiangshan, Li's servant, took out the painting of the master he visited in Tibet, and asked for an inscription. Seeing that he had a deep friendship with Li and that Hao Xiangshan was loyal to his master, Zheng happily wrote a poem. Zheng Banqiao came to Tongzhou this time, lived in Qinzao, more than 20 miles north of the city, and visited the Wolf Mountain. In his collection, he left seven wonders to visit the White Wolf Mountain. This inscription first criticized the plum blossom painted by the layman monk as disgusting; Then, he praised Li Kui Ying's Plum Blossom Picture, which is "hard to see its work" and "the best in the world", and described in detail his artistic experience of painting plum blossoms without cutting or carving, which followed the nature of plum blossoms and did not see artificial carving. Finally, he expressed great appreciation for the plum painting "Gu Gan Xinzhi Impurity Dance", and he was willing to "sit under it and do his homework for ten days before going". This inscription is so specific and profound, full of emotion, and it also reflects that Zheng Banqiao and Liu Yunying have been making friends for a long time, and their contacts are numerous and knowledgeable, which is an important witness to their profound friendship. In the winter of the sixteenth year of Qianlong (175 1 year), Li borrowed Xiang's garden in Nanjing, and then settled down in the name of borrowing the garden, until he returned to Tongzhou in the autumn of twenty years (1755) due to illness. During this period, he often followed Yuan Mei, a leading literary figure at that time, and talked about poetry and painting, which was very close. In the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), in the early spring of Yihai, Li returned to Tongzhou once and sent poems to Yuan Mei. The eleventh volume of Poems contains three poems, Sending Li Qingjiang back to Tongzhou. There is a cloud in the poem: "Only when the plum blossoms are covered with snow can the people who draw them fly away. An indifferent spring wine makes the world rarer. "It is indeed the scene of early spring, and the word' spring' is clearly marked. Li likes painting bamboo. His "Xiaoxiang Wind Bamboo Map" depicts a smelly stone, several bamboo poles, bamboo tips bent and bamboo leaves fluttering in one direction, showing the scene of strong wind. Draw a poem: drawing history never draws style. I am good at difficulties. Please look at Xiaoxiang bamboo feet, full of ears. Li's "Wind Bamboo Map" has profound implications. He wrote in another title "Wind Bamboo Map": Waves are floating on the sea, and bamboo plants learn painting. It is brave to laugh at yourself, but still love the wind. He has been a local official for 30 years and has been hit hard several times. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), he was appointed as the magistrate of Le 'an, but he was impeached because he didn't have time to ask his boss for relief. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), he was appointed as the magistrate of country-specific ones. Governor Wang Shijun blindly ordered land reclamation, and officials took the opportunity to blackmail the villagers. He resolutely resisted and was thrown into prison, where he suffered a year-long lawsuit. Finally, in the 14th year of Qianlong (1749), he was appointed as the magistrate of Hefei. These are what he called "waves floating on the sea". The officialdom was too dark. He abandoned his official position to learn to paint bamboo and became a "painter". His character remains unchanged. "Self-mockery is brave", he despises tradition, despises authority, and loves to paint violent winds to pin his indomitable spirit of resolutely fighting against harsh environment. In Li's works, gale is a symbol of indomitable spirit, but it is only one aspect of the painter's character, reflecting his struggle with evil forces. On the other hand, his concern and sympathy for the lower class people made the weathering in his works become a spring breeze that made everything flourish and made the working people get a warm breeze. He wrote in the poem "Painting Plums": The ink marks on paper are new, and plum blossoms are the most pleasing. I hope the wind blows far away. My hometown is spring. He hopes that the lovely plum blossoms will be blown to every household by the wind, so that every household can enjoy the fragrance of plum blossoms and feel the warmth of spring. The wind on this day is a warm wind and a breeze completely different from the strong wind. It can be seen that Li's love for writing style is the full embodiment of his distinctive personality. The poem "Cangsong Strange Stone Map" (Qing) Fang Liyingjun did not see you. At the age of twenty, she was cold. Where can she ask for grass? I didn't watch it again, Joe Pine Qingqing corrected. Heaven and earth are unintentional, and everything is true. Going straight to the mountains, the scenery is unparalleled. A thousand years later, we are still frozen and snowy. Support the sky high and strong, dry in the spring breeze and blue clouds. [1] This poem depicts the firmness and simplicity of pine trees, and shows the author's unyielding character and honest and frank integrity. It also passes through the lofty and unyielding rocks, reflecting the noble character of the poet's maverick.
7. Wang
Wang (1686- 1759), a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province, made a living by selling paintings in Yangzhou. Flowers and plants, pen at will, colorful. He is especially good at painting plums and often goes to Meihualing outside Yangzhou to enjoy and write plums. Plum blossoms are famous for their dense branches, elegant and beautiful, Jin Nong said; The beauty of painting plum lies in the fact that Guangling has two friends, Wang Chao's forest painting is numerous, and Gao Xitang's painting is sparse. But judging from his paintings of plums, not all of them are flourishing, but they tend to be thinner. No matter how simple or complicated, you have time to wrap up the fragrance and enjoy the snow and mountains. At the age of 54, he was blind in his left eye, but he could still draw plum blossoms. When he showed his beauty, he engraved: he was born blind in his left eye, but he still kept one eye for plum blossoms. Sixty-seven years old, blind, but still able to write weeds, but also pay attention to the mind. Turning a blind eye is not turning a blind eye to one's own heart. Good poem, author of Selected Poems in the Nest Forest. Snow plum blossom, white peach blossom, spring breeze and fragrance release
8. Luo Pin
Luo Pin, (1733- 1799), whose real name is Dunfu, whose real name is Liangfeng, whose real name is Huasi monk, Jinniushan, Zhou Yufu and the old man. Famous painter in Qing Dynasty, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". Originally from Shexian County, Anhui Province, I lived in Yangzhou. He once lived in Tommy Lane, Caiyi Street, calling himself "Zhu Cao Shilin". I am a disciple of Jin Nong. I am not an official, so I am good at traveling. Painting figures, Buddha statues, landscapes, flowers and fruits, plums, orchids, bamboos, etc. , omnipotent. The writing style is fantastic, aloof and unique. He is also good at drawing funny pictures of ghosts and describing all kinds of ugly ghosts, which are extremely wonderful to satirize the ugliness of society at that time. He is also a poet, and he is the author of Night Vanilla Hall. He is also good at seal cutting, and he is the author of Biography of Guangyin People. After Jin Nong's death, he collected manuscripts and contributed engravings, so that Jin Nong's works could be passed down to later generations. His wife, Fang Wanyi, named Bai Lian, is also good at painting Meilan bamboo stones and poems. Both Zi and Yun Yong are good at painting plums, so they are called "Luo Pai". Representative works include: Weather Outside Things (Picture Book), Two Peaks Covered with Flowers, Autumn Height in Dangui, Sunrise in the Shade, Singing in Gu Qing, Painting Bamboo with Sound, etc. Bird training map refers to painting gourd map refers to painting lady map.