White Deer Plain is a masterpiece. The story revolves around the "Renyi Village" in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province, that is, Bailu Village. Based on the ups and downs of the development history of Baijia and Lujia, the novel tells the sad course of the two families from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early liberation of 5 or 6 years, and it also contains the gratitude and resentment of the two families, which is not only a happy and affectionate exchange, but also a life-and-death struggle.
The novel has broad vision, rich materials, heavy history, rigorous structure and delicate conception. The characters depicted are angular and vivid, especially Mr. Zhu, Bai Jiaxuan, Lu Zilin and Heiwa. In the choice of materials, we should pay attention to the real historical data, such as the Great Hunger Age, the Plague Age, opium cultivation, cooperation and division between countries, etc. Different periods show different human nature, such as treachery, kindness, loyalty, meanness, filth, tricks, viciousness, degeneration, revenge and wildness ... < P >
1. Mr. Zhu
Bai Jiaxuan's brother-in-law, an old scholar, has read a lot of poems and books, and is knowledgeable. He can be described as a adherent of the Qing Dynasty, but his thoughts are not limited to the four books and five classics, nor to the thoughts of the Qing Dynasty.
Mr. Zhu's main job is to compile the county annals of Zishui County. He is patriotic and persists in resisting Japan. The education of children is extremely strict, and it is forbidden to go into politics, business and the army. When Bai Jiaxuan is helpless, he often turns to his brother-in-law. As if Mr. Zhu knew everything, divination, learning and calligraphy were especially prophetic. In the whole novel, Mr. Zhu's image can be described as "big", "high" and "complete". The author Chen Zhongshi seems to be deeply influenced by the routines of revolutionary model operas. In particular, Mr. Zhu told Heiwa that zhumao would win. Judging from the novel environment at that time, where did Mr. Zhu get his thoughts and consciousness, and where did he get the definite news, so it was certain that zhumao would win? There is no description or suggestion in the novel. Although Lu Zhaopeng was party member at that time, he didn't swear to say this. What's more, what's more, an old scholar who has been squatting in Bailu Academy all the year round to compile county records? In addition, Bai Jiaxuan, the brother-in-law, was advised to give up a lot of farming and leave only enough land to eat and drink. Bai Jiaxuan did as expected. Later, after the land reform, Bai Jiaxuan was not classified as a landlord, but was positioned as a rich farmer, thus avoiding the tragic scene of being criticized. The original writing Bai Jiaxuan thanked his brother-in-law for his foresight. Through two things, we can see that the author inadvertently elevated Mr. Zhu's status and portrayed him as a prophet and a fairy-like figure. This is the shortcoming of the novel.
2. Bai Jiaxuan
One of the main characters in this novel. Bai Jiaxuan is a smart, conservative, strong, kind and benevolent rich farmer. Bai Jiaxuan, who does not cling to senior executives, the rich and the government, has his own set of survival rules. Educate children to behave themselves, keep their duties, honestly plow the fields, and do their job well in the ancestral temple, so as not to be laughed at by their neighbors.
Bai Jiaxuan's experiences and encounters are one of the driving forces to promote the development of the novel, and his actions are also an important part of the novel. His life was full of disasters, and his daughter-in-law married seven rooms, three children and one daughter. He is bold, privately grows poppies and makes countless fortunes; He is good at treating Lusan, a long-term worker, as a brother and caring for Heiwa. He let bygones be bygones, although Heiwa broke his waist, he still gave his life to save him, and it was twice; During the famine years, he was full of love; During the plague period, advocating justice and distinguishing Xiao E's so-called murders led everyone to die out Fei E and go superstitious. 3. Lu Zilin
The head of the deer family, like Bai Jiaxuan, is one of the main characters in this novel. Lu Zilin has a strong family, and he is second to none in Bailu Village, regardless of people or property. The previous generation was a chef, that is, the "spoon head" in Guanzhong dialect. After several generations of accumulation, Lu Zilin has become a wealthy and standard small landlord here.
But Lu Zilin is different from Bai Jiaxuan. In life, there are no fixed principles, treacherous and vicious; In terms of style, philandering, sowing seeds everywhere, and being in good rows, the affair with Xiao E reflects his style, especially the ambiguous relationship with his daughter-in-law, which directly leads to the death of his eldest daughter-in-law. In education, he is very different from Bai Jiaxuan. He is very traditional, attaches importance to glorifying ancestors and learning, and requires children to learn knowledge and culture. Because of this, the eldest son Lu Zhaopeng and the second son Lu Zhaohai actively studied and embarked on the road of saving the people and saving the country. Compared with Bai Jiaxuan's children (except Bailing, in fact, Bailing fortunately went to study in other places against his father's will before embarking on the revolutionary road), Bai Xiaowen, Bai Xiaowu and Bai Xiaoyi are much higher in thought, consciousness, work, vision and knowledge. The three Bai brothers are all serious mud legs, as the saying goes, like father, like son. But this family has a very obvious shortcoming: it is good at revenge. Because the ancestors worked so hard to learn the art, they suffered from the supercilious eyes and insults of others. After success, they not only failed to appreciate and repay, but also humiliated and abused the master or benefactor who called him a craftsman. He was a real villain and a despicable image of biting off the hand that feeds him! It can be seen that the Lujia family is narrow-minded, but Lu Zhaopeng and Lu Zhaohai are not such people. In addition, Lu Zilin is greedy for wine and likes to be an official.
When Heiwa, Yue Weishan and Tian Fuxian were finally criticized, they were frightened and became mentally ill, incontinent and died of cold.
4. Mr. Leng
In his novels, he is a doctor. Mr. Leng is steady, not in a hurry, and has a confident momentum. Excellent craftsmanship, giving to the people, and being kind. He is Bai Jiaxuan's in-laws (the second girl married Bai Xiaowu) and Lu Zilin's in-laws (the older girl married Lu Zhaopeng). Mr. Leng is not only a good friend of the White House, but also a good friend of the Deer family and a bridge between the two families-many things are communicated, connected and negotiated through Mr. Leng.
5. Lu Zhaopeng
Although Lu Zhaopeng pursues the light, opposes the feudal dissatisfaction, engages in the glorious cause of saving the people and the country, and joins the party and the army to become a leader, he is not the main character in the novel.
The image of Lu Zhaopeng is not clear and vague. Every appearance is almost related to eating. It seems that party member, who is serving the country and the people, is always hungry and always on the move. In addition, as one of the earliest party member, the portrayal of this character is a little thin, and there are many stories to narrate, but he lacks courage and wisdom, and the means of fighting Yue Weishan and Tian Fuxian seems to have no brilliance at all, let alone any bright spots. His image seems to be a bit obscene, timid, and ordinary people. In fact, all the characters in Bailuyuan's novel are vivid, but not specific; Are lifelike, but lack of three-dimensional sense; They are all independent, but they are vague.
The White House and the Deer Family are fighting in secret, but what really makes the two families marry is the private combination of Lu Zhaohai and Bailing. Of course, this matter is unknown to Bai Jiaxuan and Lu Zilin. If they knew it, the two families would definitely not want to. Lu Zilin privately married Mr. Leng's eldest daughter to his eldest son, which made Lu Zhaopeng, who yearned for a new life and advocated freedom of marriage, very unhappy. Although he had worshipped heaven and earth, he refused to admit the existence of his daughter-in-law and ran away from marriage. It was because of escaping marriage that he carried out revolutionary activities and had the opportunity to combine with Bailing.
Lu Zhaopeng doesn't write too much ink in the novel, but this person secretly promotes the development of the story, especially the relationship with Heiwa. Heiwa's action track can't be separated from Lu Zhaopeng's influence and instructions step by step, especially in the uprising, and he completely obeyed Lu Zhaopeng's command, but Heiwa's ending was reversed.
6. Bailing
Bailing is the only woman in the White House. She has been smart since childhood and loves reading. According to Bai Jiaxuan's routine of educating children, it is ok to read some books. Men are married and women are married, but Bailing runs away from marriage, just like the deer boss. After entering the city, she learned knowledge, embarked on the road of revolution, and became an underground worker after joining the party.
I met and fell in love with Lu Zhaohai, the second son of the deer family, but broke up because of different ideas and pursuits, and finally married Lu Zhaopeng, who was like-minded. In the end, he died unjustly because of the internal struggle of the party.
7. Lu Zhaohai
Like his eldest brother Lu Zhaopeng, he embarked on the revolutionary road because of his studies, but he went to the Kuomintang team. The fate of the two brothers intersected because of lark.
Although Lu Zhaohai joined the Kuomintang team, he was a man and died in the civil war. Unfortunately, he didn't die on the road to resistance against Japan, not because of him, but because of Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary policy of "being busy outside must be settled inside".
In the novel, after Lu Zhaohai's sacrifice, a woman actually brought a boy to Lu Zilin's house to recognize his relatives, claiming that the child belonged to Lu Zhaohai. This incident is debatable and seems to be blunt. When Lu Zhaohai and Bailing were in love, if Bailing didn't marry him, he said that he would stay alone for life. Now the women and children of Lu Zhaohai suddenly appear, which is a bit unreasonable. The article confessed that the woman looks like a lark, so she married her. This reason is really far-fetched Of course, the author has a purpose in this arrangement. At that time, Lu Zilin was put home after being imprisoned because of his eldest son's involvement. He was extremely depressed and depressed. He was in a great mood because he saw his grandson, and his courage in life increased greatly. He became prosperous again and began to do things that prostitutes and thieves could not bear.
8. Bai Xiaowen
Bai Xiaowen's portrayal of this character seems to be tortuous, vivid and ups and downs. In fact, it is somewhat unclear and obscure, and it seems a bit hazy. The author has made great efforts to this fickle and vicious image. However, the foreshadowing, explanation and suggestion are insufficient, which can not fully reflect Bai Xiaowen's behavior, thoughts and trajectory in detail, and is somewhat blunt.
The book "White Deer Plain" has certain routines in the description and depiction of characters. Fix the character and disposition first, and then all the materials will serve it. This is the pattern of all novels. However, some people's personalities and tempers will change dramatically because of their experiences, experiences and fates, and their life will be ups and downs, and their performances will be very different. In this novel, there are two people who meet this situation, Bai Xiaowen and Heiwa. Their life experiences are very dramatic, interspersed and intersected, but the ending is that Heiwa is sentenced to death.
Bai Xiaowen, first of all, is weak. Because of the strength and severity of his father Bai Jiaxuan, as the eldest son, he was transformed into the image of the patriarch by his father. He set rules for him everywhere and talked about clan righteousness. In the future, he will replace his father to drive the authority of the patriarch, maintain the prestige of the patriarch, and let the White House stand tall in Bailuyuan, which cannot be underestimated. However, his father backfired. Bai Xiaowen is a soft bag, and Adou can't help him. He often relies on Nuo Nuo, and almost all of them can complete a series of things and things with his father's guidance and help. Therefore, when I was young, Bai Xiaowen was very weak and timid. After marriage, Bai Jiaxuan, as a father, stopped asking about his affairs. Even in the face of a rare famine in history, Bai Jiaxuan still ignored it and let it develop. Because of the famine, Bai Xiaowen starved his wife, sold his house and paddy fields, especially fooling around with Xiao E, degenerating and smoking cigarettes. Of course, his adultery with Xiao E began to stem from Lu Zilin's plan to retaliate against Bai Jiaxuan. In fact, on the surface, it is Lu Zilin's intrigue, but the final behavior and result are still caused by himself.
here, there are two things worth noting: one is the image of Bai Xiaowen being looked down upon because of hunger. The author deliberately described it in detail, which paved the way for the following article. At this time, he was weak, depraved, dirty and down-and-out. Later, when he became the battalion commander of peace preservation corps County, especially the county magistrate, he became fierce, cruel and inhuman, which was revenge and subversion against himself in the past. Second, he and Xiao E are fooling around and having an affair, which is the darkest page of his life and his greatest shame, and will be hard to get rid of for life. This is one of the biggest reasons why he finally killed Heiwa.
9. Heiwa
In the novel White Deer Plain, almost all the characters are vague, not specific and unclear, but the image of Heiwa is the most vivid, plump, moving, sad and true man. As the son of Lu San, a long-term laborer of Bai Jiaxuan, Heiwa is not inferior, inferior and ridiculed to others because he is the son of a long-term laborer. On the contrary, Bai Jiaxuan insists on encouraging Lu San to let Heiwa Lu Zhaoqian receive education, although Lu San disagrees. But in the end, Heiwa entered the Bailuyuan School, which was taught by Mr. Xu, and became classmates and good friends with Bai Xiaowen, Bai Xiaowu, Lu Zhaopeng and Lu Zhaohai. After Heiwa stopped going to school, she went out to work as a long-term worker, met Xiao E, and married and lived privately.
Of the four people, Heiwa has the best relationship with Lu Zhaopeng, and listens to what Lu Zhaopeng says, which lays a long foundation and sets the tone for the following. Lu Zhaopeng first led a team to stir up the peasant associations and criticized landlords, bullies and some hooligans. Although the class struggle was unclear and even wronged some celebrities, as an early movement organization of the party, it still had some effects. There is the credit of Heiwa, but it was Lu Zhaopeng who asked him to attend. After the son failed, Heiwa joined the national army in a fog. After being scattered, he joined the bandits. At this time, Lu Zhaopeng found him again and wanted to join his team. Heiwa was acquiescent. Not long after, Bai Xiaowen, as the battalion commander of peace preservation corps, took the instructions and instructions of the head of the regiment and collected the bandits, including the second-in-command Heiwa, through generous conditions. At this time, Heiwa suddenly became the second battalion commander of peace preservation corps County. At this time, Lu Zhaopeng appeared again and asked Heiwa to revolt. The result is self-evident. The most important thing for Heiwa to do is to turn over a new leaf and turn over a new leaf. She has become gentle and reasonable, gentle and gentle, and has shed the savage, dirty, uneducated and overbearing spirit of bandits, showing a thoroughly remoulded image. But in the end, he died under Bai Xiaowen's selfish black heart.
The relationship between Heiwa and the other four people, especially Bai Xiaowen, is debatable and even illogical. That is, Lu San is a long-term worker of the White House and has a very good relationship with the White House, although it is an employment relationship. Bai Jiaxuan always regards Lusan as one of his own and his family, especially letting the second child Bai Xiaowu recognize Lusan as a dry man. Heiwa Lu Zhaoqian, as the eldest son of Lusan, is familiar with everyone in the Bai family. Logically speaking, the relationship between Lu San and Bai Jiaxuan is so good that the relationship between Heiwa and Bai Xiaowen can't be too bad, but in fact, except when they were studying as children, they were almost strangers when they grew up, and there were not many intersections, and even few conversations. I thought the author was paving the way for Bai Xiaowen to kill Heiwa. Of course, Heiwa hit Bai Jiaxuan in the waist, and Bai Xiaowen committed adultery with Xiaoe, forcing Bai Xiaowen to kill her heart, except Heiwa. The author did it on purpose, so that Bai Xiaowen and Heiwa were in harmony, while Lu Zhaopeng and Heiwa were both good friends and good buddies.
In this novel, Heiwa and Bai Xiaowen have the greatest ups and downs in life. The personality, style and thoughts of the two people are in sharp contrast. One is indomitable and the other is a chicken belly. Bai Xiaowen is a rich man, but what he is doing is immoral and sinister; Heiwa is a child of a poor family, but she takes a bright road that conforms to historical development and is benevolent.
Heiwa is dead, with no regrets; Bai Xiaowen is alive, drag out an ignoble existence!
1. Xiaoe
Xiaoe is a weak feudal woman who is unruly, dissolute, hateful and pitiful, but she is different from the dissolute bitch like Pan Jinlian.
dang kai yi