Su Dongpo (1037 ~11year), whose real name is Su Shi, whose real name is Zi Zhan, whose real name is Zhong, is a Dongpo layman. Many people may not know the origin of Su Shi's name and the joys and sorrows of life reflected from it.
Su Xun took great pains to clear Su Shi's name. Stone is a crossbar used as a passenger handrail in front of ancient cars. For the car function, stone is useless. But without poetry, not only the hardware facilities of the car are not perfect, but also it is difficult for passengers to ensure stability on the bumpy road. Su Xun took the name of "Teacher" because of its "exterior decoration", that is, being good at watching and dealing with people.
The word "scholar" comes from Zuozhuan in the 28th year of Xi Gong: Junfeng (Yi) Scholar, and Su Xun's Theory of Two Names explains it this way: "Wheel, spoke, covered and squatted all have jobs, which are related to cars. However, Shi is the only one who has nothing to do. Although, if I go to the stone, I don't see it as a complete car. In fact, I am afraid that you have no external decoration!
There is no other way to drive a car in the world. As far as the car is concerned, it doesn't matter. Although the valet is dead, suffering is not as good as road. This is a matter between good and bad. I know it's free. "
Speaking of the name "Dongpo Jushi", there is a history: in the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. When he first arrived in Huangzhou, Su Shi had a hard life. Huangzhou decided that Ma Zhengqing was his old friend, so he asked the state government for 50 acres of abandoned old barracks to plant for him. The camp is located on the east slope of Huangzhou. In the spring of the following year, Su Shi built a Tang Xue on it, entitled "Dongpo Tang Xue" and inscribed "Tang Xueji".
Why did he take the nickname Dongpo lay man? Because he admired Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi planted flowers and trees on the Dongpo where he lived when he was relegated to Zhongzhou, Sichuan, and wrote many leisurely poems, such as "Walking through Dongpo" and "Flowers on Don't Dongpo". Bai Juyi once wrote a poem "Stepping on Dongpo": "What does Dongpo love when stepping on Dongpo at dusk?" Su Shi admired Bai Juyi, so he called himself "Dongpo lay man". The name "Su Dongpo" is also immortal.
Song Hong Mai's "Three Paintings of Rongzhai Essays" Volume 5 has the cloud of "Dongpo Mu Lotte":
The CPSU exiled Huangzhou, calling himself Dongpo lay man. Cover carefully examine its meaning, admire. Bai gongyou's poem "planting flowers on the east slope" says: "buy a flower tree with money and plant it on the east slope of the city." There is another cloud: "Dongpo is in spring, what is the tree today?" There is also the poem "Stepping on Dongpo": "Stepping on Dongpo in the evening. What does Dongpo love? Love this new tree. " There is also the poem "Biedongpo Flower Tree": "Where to entertain guests and look back. Dongpo Taoli is newly planted. " They were all made during the secretariat of Zhongzhou. Su Gong is to Huang what Bai Gong is to Zhou. Recalling Su Shi's poems, such as "A Portrait of Li Daoren", he said, "When he is a saint, he is known as an old monk in Xiangshan." Give Cheng Jie a Good Face says, "I am like a happy gentleman, and I will appreciate all the flowers in Luoyang in spring." "Farewell to Grandpa Cheng" said: "I am very happy, but I am very plain and rude." "Into Your Majesty" says: "It will be like an old Buddhist in Xiangshan, and the world will end shallow and deep." And the postscript said: "Lotte removed the secretariat of Zhongzhou from Jiangzhou Sima, and made an imperial decree based on the knowledge of the host and guest doctors, so he worshipped the scholar of Zhongzhou. Although some people dare not compare themselves, he lives in Huangzhou, knows Wendeng, is called a grass, and becomes a waiter. The source is similar to that of young and old, and you can enjoy the leisure of the evening festival several times. " "Go to Hangzhou" says: "The source is vaguely like lotte, dare to compare with the former." Foreword: "I always feel that the source of my life is as thick as Lotte." The reasons why people admire people are not only repeated, but also Dongpo's name occasionally coincides with mine. [5]
Su Shi 1037 10 was born in Yumei Meishan on October 8th. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is what Saint Amethyst called "Su Laoquan". Su Xun worked hard, although he worked very late. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics every day, which is a thousand words", and it is even more impossible to achieve literary achievements in the future.
1056 (the first year of Jiayou), 20-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing to take the imperial examination for the first time. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article on loyalty to punishment, but Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought it was his disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second.
106 1 year (in the sixth year of Jiayou), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third class of "the first in a hundred years", and was awarded the position of judge and book signing in Fengxiang Prefecture, Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. Su Shi's "Dead Wood and Bamboo Stone Map" 1069 (Xining 2 nd year) returned to the DPRK after serving his sentence and still held his post. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general. From then on, Su Shi misunderstood Wang Anshi and other reformists all his life.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term of office, he was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong Province), Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places, which is well known. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people. [3]
1079 (the second year of Yuanfeng), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was imprisoned on the charge of writing poems to satirize the new law, which was known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Thanks to Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was spared.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yuan Wailang (plus sign), an assistant (official rank) of Youth League Training in Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei Province). This position is rather humble and has no real power. At this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this campaign. After Su Shi came to power, his mood was low. He visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou for many times, and wrote down famous works such as "Red Cliff Fu", "Queen of Red Cliff Fu", "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple" and "Niannujiao, Nostalgia for Chibi" to show his respect. Yu led his family to reclaim a sloping land in the east of the city and farm to supplement their livelihood. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and was stationed in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
When Zhezong ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager, in the name of a young Zhezong, listened to politics in recent dynasties, Sima Guang was reactivated, and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the post of assistant minister of the DPRK and went to Dengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. Mr. Scheeren was promoted to power, Mr. Scheeren was promoted to Zhongshu three months later, and soon he was promoted to imperial academy (the minister who drafted the imperial edict for the emperor, who had Taoist skills) and did not do it again.
Su Shi saw that the emerging forces desperately suppressed the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolished the new law. He thought that Su Shi's so-called "Wang Dang" was just birds of a feather, and once again made suggestions to the emperor.
He attacked the corruption exposed after the old Party came to power, which aroused strong opposition from conservative forces and was falsely accused and framed.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi dredged the West Lake in Daxing, Hangzhou, and built the famous "Su Causeway" by the West Lake with dredged silt.
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in 109 1 year (six years in Yuan You), he was recalled to North Korea. However, due to political discord, Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province) was released. 1093 (eight years), the Empress Dowager Gao died, Zhezong came to power, and the new party came to power again. In June of the following year, she was demoted to Ningyuan Army and then to Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province). 1097, Su Shi was demoted to Danzhou, Hainan (an ancient watch) (I didn't regret dying in the wild, so I traveled strangely to comfort my life), and Su Shi's tomb made outstanding contributions to Danzhou's ancient culture and education. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. 110/year (Fu Yuan's third year) was pardoned, returned to Lang Feng, and died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) on August 24th,1kloc-0/year. He was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan Province), at the age of 66, and was named Wenzhong (male). So there is "calendar eight States, take Wan Li Road." The name of honor.
Lu You (1125—1210) is famous for his word service concept. Han nationality, Yinshan Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people. Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. When I was young, I was influenced by patriotic thoughts at home. When Gaozong was young, I should try it, which was praised by Qin Gui. Filial piety makes a scholar. Middle-aged into Shu, devoted to military life, the official to Baozhangge to be built. In his later years, he retired from his hometown, but his belief in recovering the Central Plains remained unchanged. He wrote many poems, including more than 9,000 poems, which are extremely rich in content. Express political ambitions, reflect the sufferings of the people, and be unconstrained; Describing daily life is also a new work. The amount of words is not as large as that of poems, but it runs through the patriotic spirit of swallowing the remnants like poems. Yang Shen said that the beauty of his ci was similar to that of Qin Guan and that of Su Shi. He is the author of Poems of Jiannan, Collected Works of Weinan, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Notes on Old Ann Studies, etc.
Lu You has been tireless in learning since childhood, and he can still write poems at the age of 12. In the life experience of suffering from chaos, he was deeply educated in patriotism He married Tang Wan at the age of 20, but was forcibly separated by his mother. Later, Tang Wan died young, causing this kind of emotional pain to accompany him for the rest of his life. This is the reason for the famous works such as Hairpin Phoenix and Shenyuan.
In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 153), he went to Lin 'an to take the Jinshi exam and got the first place, while Qin Gui's grandson Qin Mang got the second place. He was furious and wanted to punish the examiner. Twenty-four years (A.D. 1 154), I took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and the examiner once again ranked Lu You ahead of Qin Yu, but Qin Gui removed her name.
In the 28th year (A.D. 1 158), Qin Gui died, and Lu You became the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou. After Xiaozong ascended the throne in A.D. 1 163, he won a scholar by Lu You's good words and familiar allusions. He has served as editor, editor, censor, judge, appeaser, senator and magistrate of the Privy Council. In the year (A.D. 1 175) when Zhu Xuanxian painted Lu You's Poems, Xi Chun invited Lu You to be a senator in Shuzhen, Fan Chengda.
In the fifth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 178), Lu You's poems became more and more famous and were summoned by Xiaozong, but they were not really reused. Xiaozong only sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi for two official missions to promote Changping tea and salt. In the autumn of six years (A.D. 1 179), Lu You promoted tea and salt business from Changping, Fujian, and invited Lang to promote tea and salt business in Changping, Jiangnan West Road, and went to Fuzhou in December. On the one hand, he used a lot of energy to deal with all kinds of disputes and lawsuits caused by the bankruptcy of tea salt households after the official sale of tea salt, and forced them to take private sales and make trouble to resist; On the other hand, he wrote to the imperial court, advocating severe punishment of illegal officials who levied high tea salt taxes on tea salt households and took the opportunity to collect a large number of people's fat paste.
In the seventh year of Xichun (A.D. 1 180), there was a drought in Fuzhou. In May, heavy rains and flash floods flooded large fields and villages, and floods rushed to the gate of Fuzhou City, making people hungry and cold. Lu you paid close attention to the development of the disaster and wrote: "Jiahe is like burning barnyard grass, worrying about its life." Jun Tianjiu played the poem "Xiao Shaole failed to reach the sound of rain on the empty eaves", and at the same time, he played "Allocating charity warehouses to help the people in all counties". Before obtaining the consent of the Southern Song government, he first allocated food from Yicang to the disaster area to relieve the hunger of the victims, then invited them to allocate food, ordered it to be distributed to local officials in Jiangxi, and visited Chongren, Fengcheng and Gao 'an to inspect the disaster situation. This move harmed the interests of the court. 1 1 month, he was recalled to Beijing to stand by. More than 100 prescriptions collected from the official tour before the trip were carefully selected, compiled into "Successive Prescriptions" and engraved into a book, which was left to the people of Jiangxi to express his heart for the people. On the way, Zhao Ru was disintegrated by the incident and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires".
After Lu You lived at home for six years, in the spring of the thirteenth year (AD 1 186), please ask the doctor to know Yanzhou (now Meicheng Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province). The official went to Mo Bao Tinghou System, was promoted to Weinan Bo, and was later knighted. He also returned to his hometown on charges of "ultra vires".
In the fifteenth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 188), Lu You left his post in Yanzhou and returned to China. Soon, he was called to Lin 'an as a military attache. The following year (A.D. 1 189), Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor of the DPRK. So he even wrote to persuade the court to reduce taxes. As a result, he was impeached and dismissed from office again on charges of "mocking romantics". After that, Lu You lived in the countryside for a long time and died on December 29th (AD 12 10 65438+ October 26th).
Liu Yuxi (772-842), born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) and Luoyang, was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of the King of Mountain Scenery in Hanzhong. He used to be an ancient scholar and a member of Wang's political reform school. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he is known as the "great poet". His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities. Later, Yongzhen failed in innovation and was demoted to Sima Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to the textual research of Mr. Zhou, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan Province, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima Langzhou, during which he wrote the famous "Han Shou Chun Wang".
Lu You has seven sons and one daughter. According to Lu You Chronicle, the eldest son Lu, the second son Lu Zilong, the third son, the fourth son Lu Zitan, the fifth son Lu Ziyue, the sixth son Lu Zibu and the seventh son Lu (Reading on a Winter Night). Grandsons include Lu Yuanting (I heard that he died of grief after the defeat of Yashan), great-grandson Lu Chuanyi (died of hunger strike after the defeat of Yashan) and great-grandson Lu Tianqi (succumbed to Yuan in the battle of Yashan and threw himself into the sea). Lu You didn't see the scene of "Julian Waghann set the Central Plains in the north, but he didn't forget the family sacrifice [4]".
Liu Yuxi, born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou), was born in Luoyang. Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are also called "Bai Liu". He was once a guest of the prince and was called Liu Bin. And Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Liu". He lived in Luoyang in his later years and sang with Bai Juyi, so he was called "Bai Liu". In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he was promoted to the first place in imperial academy, entered the course of erudition and macro-speech, engaged in the Huainan shogunate, and served as the censor. Wang brought the used things into the forbidden area, discussed them with him, and said everything. Transfer it to Yuan Wailang and sentence him to a salt and iron case. Uncle Wen was defeated and demoted to the secretariat of Langzhou. During his relegation, he met Bai Juyi in Yangzhou, and Bai Juyi wrote "Drunken Gifts to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu". Liu Yuxi was once again demoted to Sima Langzhou for thanking Bai Juyi for "Yangzhou's first meeting to enjoy lotte". When you are down and out, you don't talk to yourself, but you spit and satirize the distance. Quite vulgar and good at witchcraft, according to the poet's intention to taste. Relying on his voice, he wrote more than ten poems on bamboo branches and sang them in Wuling Creek Cave. Live for ten years, call it back. I will buy Langbu, and I will ridicule the poems about flowers in Xuandu. I am not happy in power and will stab Bozhou back. On the basis of mother's old age, Pei Du changed to Lianzhou, Qiankui and Erzhou. After a long time, he was recruited as a doctor. He also revisited Du Xuan to watch poems and divided the company into the East Capital. Academic qualifications are still recommended for Langzhong and Ji Xian. Degree, out of Suzhou, moved to Youzhou, with two states, moved to the prince guest company. I am good at writing poems, especially in the late festival. Unfortunately, sitting on waste and suppressing non-cooperation are based on articles. With Bai Juyi, he got a lot of rewards. Juyi tasted his poem: Singing with Bai Juyi, the world called it "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi called it a "poet". Liu Pengcheng Mende was also a great poet. Its front is looming, and its bravery is even smaller. He also said that his poems should be protected by sacred objects, which is highly valued by celebrities. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. At the age of 72, he was awarded the book of ministers. Eighteen volumes of poetry, now twelve volumes.
There are many controversies about Liu Yuxi's ancestral home. One is from Luoyang, the other is from Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and the other is from Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei). According to relevant historical records, Liu Yuxi is a descendant of Xiongnu, and his seventh ancestor, Liu, was born in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He moved to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of Wei and later changed his surname to Han. Father Liu Xu moved eastward to Jiaxing to avoid the Anshi Rebellion, and Liu Yuxi was born here, so Liu Yuxi was "born in Xingyang and occupied Luoyang". As for "Pengcheng people", Bai Juyi, Quan Deyu and others said it. That just followed the custom of "all names are salty" (history). Therefore, the statement that "Liu Yuxi is from Pengcheng" is inaccurate. Liu Yuxi's Atlas (26 sheets)
To say that Liu Yuxi is from Dingzhou, Zhongshan, Zhongshan Wuji, we have to start with his seventh ancestor Liu Liang. During the Zhou and Han Dynasties, Dingzhou and Wuji were the territory of Jizhou, and Wuji was also the territory of Dingzhou. Liu Liang was originally the secretariat of Jizhou, riding a regular servant, and later moved to Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Liu Liang's family also moved to Luoyang. According to the Summary of the General Contents of Sikuquanshu, the collection is divided into categories: "The original name of the book Yuxi was Pengcheng people, Gai County View. In fact, the Wuji people in Zhongshan are also called Zhongshan Collection, which is also built by it. " In addition, the Qing Dynasty also published the Dictionary of Historical Figures in China and the Dictionary of Historical Celebrities in China. After repeated verification and consultation by relevant experts, it is confirmed that Liu Yuxi's ancestral home is Wuji, which is justified.
There are three kinds of existing ancient books in Liu Yuxi's collection: ① Dong's engraving (1 138) in the eighth year of Song Shaoxing, a small seal script, which Xu Hongbao has photocopied. In the 13th year of Xichun (1 186), Luyou was re-engraved according to the Eastern edition, which was called "the reduced edition". Block printing, which has been popular since Ming and Qing Dynasties, basically belongs to this system. (2) The Collected Works of Liu Mengde, an engraving of the Song Dynasty in Chonglan Museum, Fukui, Ping 'an, Japan, is a large-character version of Shu, which is now a photocopy of Dong Kang and a condensed version of the Commercial Press. ③ Collected Works of Liu Mengde (Volume 1-4), and Jian 'anfang Block Edition in Beijing Library. Jin Mao, Hui Dong, He Chao, Feng Hao, Huang Pilie and others in the Ming and Qing Dynasties preliminarily sorted out Liu Yuxi's books, but most of them were manuscripts, which were not widely circulated. The existing editions of Liu Yuxi's collected works are: Four Editions, Liu Mengde's Collected Works, Four Notes, Liu Binke's Collected Works, Collection Integration and Liu Binke's Collected Works. There is also the proofreading of Liu Yuxi's collected works. Liu Yuxi's life story can be found in the old and new biographies of Tang Dynasty, and Jia (called Jia) compiled by Tang Dynasty records Liu Yuxi's conversation about creation and learning in his later years, which is quite informative. The Chronicle of Liu Yuxi written by Bian, a modern man, has done a lot of textual research on Liu Yuxi's life and various historical materials. The Book of Humble Rooms was selected as the first of the "two short essays" in Lesson 23 of the first volume of the eighth grade edition.
Li Qingzhao (1084- 1 155), a native of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong Province, was originally named Yi 'an Jushi. A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained ci school, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages". In his early years, he lived comfortably and devoted himself to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones with her husband Zhao Mingcheng. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works.
I'm exhausted. . . . . . . . .