Sandalwood. , Ulmaceae Pteroceltis, also known as Pteroceltis, Pteroceltis. It is a genus endemic to China. Deciduous trees with a height of more than 20 meters and a DBH of more than 2 meters; Bark is light gray, long flake peeling, and endothelium is light gray green. Branchlets thin, sparsely pilose or five hairs. The leaves are ovoid or elliptic, and the samara-shaped nuts are nearly round or square. Flowering in April; The fruiting period is July-August. Pteroceltis tatarinowii is produced in Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Guizhou. Hi, Guangming. Drought-tolerant, barren and calcium-loving, it is often born in limestone mountains, granite mountains and river banks. Strong germination ability, able to manage low forest management.
Pteroceltis tatarinowii bark is a high-quality raw material for rice paper.
Cai Lun's papermaking was listed as the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, which promoted the spread of Chinese culture and the progress of Chinese civilization, and was highly praised by people for thousands of years. According to folklore, after Cai Lun's death, Kong Dan, his disciple, made paper in southern Anhui, and wanted to make the best paper in the world as a portrait of his master to show his memory. But it is hard to get what you want year after year. One day, Kong Dan happened to see an old rosewood tree lying by the stream. Due to years of sun and rain, the bark has rotted and turned white, revealing wisps of fine and clean fibers. Kong Dan used it to make paper, and after repeated experiments, he finally made a kind of paper with excellent texture, which became the famous Xuan paper.
The legend of papermaking in Kong Dan cannot be verified, but today's rice paper is made of sandalwood bark, but it is true.
Xuan paper is a unique handicraft in China, which has the characteristics of cotton, toughness, whiteness, no decay, strong ink moistening effect, aging resistance and no discoloration. Xuan paper has been known as "the king of paper, the Millennium paper" since ancient times and is known as "national treasure".
Xuan paper originated in Jingxian County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. Xuan paper is made of leather and grass.
Leather is made of celadon bark, which is the main raw material of rice paper, and its quality is directly related to the quality of rice paper. In leather production, cutting is the first production process, and it is best to take two to three-year-old shoots. Pay attention to the height of branches when cutting for the first time. Too high or too low will affect the growth of sandalwood trees. After the first logging, it will be two to three years before the second logging. Proper cutting can not only improve the peeling rate of ebony, but also make ebony tiller and shoot more easily in the next spring. After cooking, soaking, peeling, drying in the sun, peeling and other processes, leather can be made.
The forage is made of straw in Sha Tin. The method of mixing straw and sandalwood bark began in Qing Dynasty. Two different fibers are combined to form a stable structure. The cortex of sandalwood is even, and it is easy to keep ink marks, which makes Mo Yun distinct. Short straw fiber makes the ink spread evenly and moisten the ink, which can complement each other.
There are hundreds of processes in the production of Xuan paper, which lasts for more than a year and requires a lot of hard work. Since ancient times, there has been a folk saying that "a piece of paper is a thousand drops of blood and sweat", and some people jokingly call the craftsmen of rice paper living in dire straits. In winter, they have to soak their hands in cold water to fish for paper repeatedly, and in summer, they have to stay in a high temperature room of more than 50 degrees to dry paper. In this process, tough bark and golden straw are slowly transformed into delicate and white fibers, which is amazing. From this point of view, China's painting and calligraphy art is truly rooted in the natural soil, which is its endless source.
Pteroceltis tatarinowii bark is rich in fiber, easy to handle, rich in sources and low in cost, which is most suitable for making rice paper. It is said that Japan has been drooling over rice paper technology. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, some seeds of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were brought back from Jingxian County, Anhui Province, and introduced to Japan to be used as raw materials for papermaking, but the quality could not surpass that of Xuan paper.
Economic Value of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Wood
Dalbergia wood is solid, dense, tough and wear-resistant, and is used in furniture, farm tools, sketchboards and joinery. It can be used as afforestation tree species in limestone mountain areas. Seeds can extract oil. This is of academic value for studying the phylogeny of Ulmaceae.
Medicinal value of Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Functional indication
Dispelling wind, removing dampness and reducing swelling. Treat wind arthralgia, phlegm dampness, foot and knee itching, stomach pain and gas pain.
Additional prescription
Treatment of head wind swelling: green sandalwood leaves, Shā rotto Katakuri, sow vine leaves, centipede on the tree. Wash the decoction externally, and if it is severe, mash it and apply it to the affected area. (Sichuan Yearbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
Ornamental value of Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a rare native tree species with beautiful tree shape, spherical crown and flaky bark. With various forms, golden autumn leaves and distinct seasons, it is a rare landscape tree species. Pteroceltis tatarinowii has a long life and is resistant to pruning, and it is also an excellent ornamental tree species for bonsai.
"Witness the Famous Trees in the Ancient Capital of Beijing" records that there is an ancient rosewood at the entrance of Tanyu Village, Nankou Town, Changping District, Beijing. It is said that the tree is about 3000 years old, with a height of 10 meters, a ground diameter of more than 3 meters and a developed root system. A considerable part of it is exposed in granite, like a dragon claw embedded in a rock, and looks like a giant bonsai from a distance.
2065438+I went to Tanyu Village in February 2009. When I arrived at the village entrance, I saw a rope in the middle of the road. An old man was sitting on the side of the road, thinking about collecting money to build a road. Later I found him on duty. In order to protect the forest and prevent fire, the village must register before entering this place. This kind of ancient sandalwood is unique in Beijing and really needs protection. The stone steps along the edge of the tree are Tan Temple. There are only two small rooms in the temple. I met a ranger on duty here and chatted with him. I learned that someone secretly cut down the branches of Qing Tan in the dark and windy month, trying to make bracelets for profiteering, but the result was that the wood felt floating and was not suitable for making bracelets, and it was not further hurt. In fact, according to Chinese laws, illegal logging, destruction of ancient and famous trees, and even unauthorized construction will be punished by law. If the violation is serious, criminal responsibility will be investigated according to law.
Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a unique tree species in China. Due to the destruction of natural vegetation, it is often cut down in large quantities, which leads to the gradual reduction of its distribution area and the fragmentation of forests. In some areas, there are few residues and it is difficult to find them.
Pteroceltis tatarinowii is rare in the north. In addition to several isolated Dalbergia trees in Tanyu Village, there are large areas of primary and secondary forests of Dalbergia in Shangfangshan National Forest Park in Beijing and Bailixia Scenic Area in Yesanpo, Laishui County, Baoding, Hebei Province, which is not easy. Perhaps it is inseparable from the unique local geology, climate and topography. The upper rock series is mainly sinian dolomitic limestone with steep terrain slope and deep river valley. The Bailixia Scenic Area in Yesanpo has preserved many typical rock types: sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, granite and winding valleys. Rich rock geology, sloping land or canyon topography have created such a natural miracle.
It takes 10 years for a rosewood tree to be used as a raw material for making rice paper. At present, sandalwood bark is basically in short supply. Protecting and excavating the Qingtan culture will further promote the Xuan paper culture in China. It is necessary to vigorously expand planting and establish a rice paper raw material base, which is listed as one of the afforestation tree species in limestone areas. It is forbidden to cut down the existing Pteroceltis tatarinowii forest to promote regeneration, and its ancient trees should be specially protected.
Bibliography:
1. Records of China Trees, edited by Zheng, Forestry Press, 1997.
2. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, Witness the Ancient Capital, Beijing Ancient Trees, Great Wall Publishing House, 2008.