Information about Su Shi
Su Shi, a bold and unrestrained poet. Su Shi is Su Xun's second son (Su Xun's eldest son died in infancy). Su Shi is ranked second, so he is called "Zhong". As for the word "He Zhong", Su Xun hopes that his son will have a gentle personality (Su Shi has a more impatient personality) Later, his father named him Zizhan, which was more related to his name "Shi", and he hoped that his son would be far-sighted. "Shi" refers to the handrail in front of the carriage. This name shows that his father hopes that he can be outstanding, but not too outstanding.
In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), Su Shi and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi together. He once opposed Wang Anshi in the establishment of new laws and was demoted to Huangzhou. People say: "My three fathers and sons are all great writers." But among the three fathers and sons, Su Shi has the highest achievement, surpassing Su Xun and Su Che. The people of the Qing Dynasty respectfully called them: "One father and son, three poets, four masters of writing throughout the ages." The "three poets" refer to Su's father and son.
Su Shi had a bumpy career in his career. He was once imprisoned because of a letter. However, he was knowledgeable and talented, and he was excellent in poetry, calligraphy and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called "Ou Su" and one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is called "Su" together with Huang Tingjian. "Huang" is a bold and unrestrained poet who has a huge influence on later generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he is also known as Su Xin; his calligraphy is "creating new ideas and not following the ancients". He is good at running script and regular script. He can create his own ideas and create a "Shangyi" style of calligraphy. His writing style is plump and full of innocence, and he is known as the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty" together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. His "Huangzhou Cold Food Post" is known as the third running script in the world; he is good at painting dead wood. Bamboo and stone oppose the constraints of formula, attach importance to spiritual resemblance, and advocate "scholar painting". It laid a solid foundation for the development of "literati painting" in later generations.
Representative works include "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Mid-Autumn Festival" ("Shui Diao Ge Tou·When Will the Bright Moon Come"), "Red Cliff Ode", "Jiang Chengzi·Dreams on the Night of the Twentieth Day of the First Month of Yi Mao", "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia", "Ding Fengbo", "Jiangchengzi·Mizhou Hunting", "Drinking the First Sunny and Later Rain on the Lake", "Huanxi Sand", "Linjiang Immortal", "Inscriptions on the West Forest Wall", "Remembering Chengtian" Temple Night Tour" etc.
Su Shi’s life
Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou on January 8, 1037 AD. Su Shi's father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "starts to work hard at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun worked hard late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father
The painting "Su Wenzhong's Jacket and Clogs" painted by Yu Ji in the Qing Dynasty
Of course, without Su Xun's strenuous study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutoring at a young age, let alone "study the classics and history, and write thousands of words a day" before he was in his prime, nor would he have achieved literary achievements in the future. .
In 1056 (the first year of Jiayou), Su Shi, who was nineteen years old, left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his essay "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". However, because Ouyang Xiu mistakenly believed that it was written by his disciple Zeng Gong, he had to take second place in order to avoid suspicion.
In 1061 (the sixth year of Jiayou), Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "Three Years of Beijing Examination", and entered the third class, becoming the "No. 1 in a century", and was awarded the Dali Judgment Award. , signed the letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. His mother died of illness in her hometown. In 1069 (the second year of Xining), she returned to the court after completing her service and was still granted her duties. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and had political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi.
In 1079 (the second year of Yuanfeng), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and for "slandering the emperor and prime minister in writing". "Taiwan Poetry Case".
Su Shi spent 103 days in prison and was on the verge of being beheaded several times. Fortunately, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the national policy of not killing scholar-bureaucrats was established during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi was able to escape the disaster.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately.
The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. The area of ??Changzhou is intertwined with water networks and has beautiful scenery. Living in Changzhou, he had no worries about hunger and cold, and could enjoy the beautiful scenery. Moreover, he was far away from the political disputes in the capital, and could get along with his family and many friends day and night. So Su Dongpo finally chose Changzhou as his final place.
When Zhezong came to the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took charge of the government in the name of Zhezong's young age. Sima Guang was re-appointed as prime minister, and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the imperial court and became the official of Zhidengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor of the Ministry of Rites was summoned back to the court. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren, and three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin scholar Zhizhigao (a secretary who drafted edicts for the emperor, third grade), and was informed of the tributes of the Ministry of Rites.
When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing Wang Anshi's faction and abolishing the new laws, he believed that the so-called old party and the new party were just changing the soup without changing the medicine, and once again made suggestions to the emperor.
Mr. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, visited Changzhou 11 times. In the later Southern Song Dynasty, someone built a boat pavilion to commemorate Su Dongpo who died in Changzhou. The Sizhou Pavilion is located on the top of the south hill of Dongpo Park in Changzhou. It is not large but has an exquisite shape. When Emperor Qianlong went to the south of the Yangtze River, he sent poems four times and wrote a plaque with the words "The Romance of the Jade Bureau".
Su Shi died in Changzhou in the first year of the Jingguo period (1101 AD), leaving a will to be buried in Shangruili, Juntai Township, Jiacheng County, Ruzhou. The following year, his son Su Guo followed his instructions and transported his father's coffin to Jiacheng County for burial. In the second year of Zhenghe (1112 AD), Su Che died in Yingchang (in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). His son buried him together with Su Shi, which was called "Er Su Tomb[1]"