Pan Tianshou (1897, March 14- 197 1, September 5th) is a famous birthday girl. Modern painter and educator. Zhejiang Ninghai people.
19 15 was admitted to Zhejiang No.1 Normal University and studied under Jing Hengyi, Li Shutong and others. His freehand flower-and-bird painting was first learned in Wu Changshuo, and was selected by Fa Shitao and the Eighth National Congress. He was the vice chairman of China Artists Association and the president of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts. Deputies to the First, Second and Third National People's Congress and members of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles; 1958 was hired as an honorary academician of the Soviet Art Institute. He is the author of China's Painting History and Listening to Tian Ge's Painting Essays. 1971September 5th, Pan Tianshou passed away.
Chinese name: Pan Tianshou.
Alias: God-given man, whose real name is freshman, whose real name is Lei Tou Feng Shou.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Ninghai, Zhejiang
Date of birth: 1897-3- 14
Date of death: 197 1-9-5
Occupation: painter, professor, educator
Graduation school: Zhejiang First Normal University.
Main achievements: teaching Chinese painting flowers and birds, landscapes and finger painting.
Representative works: Flowers in Yandang Mountain, Exposing the Air, Painting History of China, Listening to Tian Ge's Poems, etc.
The life of the character
Early painting practice
1897 was born in Guanzhuang Village, Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province.
1903, biological mother died. That summer, I went to a private school in the village to study. In addition to daily classes, I like writing, and I am keen to copy illustrations of novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin.
19 15 to 1920 studied in Zhejiang first normal school.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/920, I participated in the upward learning tide of Zhejiang First Normal University. Summer vacation, after graduation, I went back to Ninghai to study high school teaching. After work, I study painting, calligraphy, poetry and seal cutting hard. For Zhao Pingfu (Rou Shi), Lin Shu West Western jackdaw and Zhong Shu in the back hill.
1in the spring of 923, she taught in Shanghai Republic of China Women's Work School. Xia, part-time teacher of Chinese painting practice and theory course in Chinese painting department of Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts. Get to know Wu Changshuo, Wang Yiting, Huang, Wu, and his painting style is close to Wu Changshuo, from the initial unrestrained to profound. Make "Autumn Flowers Wet Dew" and so on. Change "natural talent" to "longevity".
Write a history of painting
From 65438 to 0924, he was a professor at Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts and began to compile the History of China Painting.
1July, 926, the history of painting in China. Published by the Commercial Press.
1928 in the early spring, he was invited as the director professor of Chinese painting and the instructor of the painting and calligraphy research society of Hangzhou National Academy of Painting. I have lived in Hangzhou since then. At the same time, he also teaches at Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts and Xinhua Art College.
1932 published two episodes of "Bai She Hua Ji" and participated in the "Recent Works Exhibition of Professor Xinhua Art College".
1933 Works participated in "China Modern Painting Exhibition" sponsored by Xu Beihong. 65438+ 10 17 to 22, the second exhibition of "White Society" was held in the auditorium of Central University. Revise the History of Painting in China and compile the first draft of the History of Calligraphy in China.
1936 The History of Painting in China was revised and reprinted, and included in University Series. In August, the fourth exhibition of "White Society" was held in Suzhou Park Library. Making Sleepwalking in Huangshan Mountain.
On April 1937 and 1 day, Pan Tianshou's works Ink Cat and Running Calligraphy Vertical Axis were exhibited in the Second National Art Exhibition held by Nanjing Art Museum. Jiangzhou Night Park participated in the 6th exhibition of China Painting Society.
1943 Write Examination of China Painting Academy. Sort out the poems over the years and compile them into "Fu Zi, Listen to Tian Ge's Poems". Such as "Autumn" and "Calligraphy and Painting on Handscroll".
teaching career
1944 to 1947 as the president of the National Academy of Arts.
After 1949, he served as vice chairman of China Artists Association, vice chairman of Zhejiang Federation of Literary and Art Circles, chairman of Zhejiang Branch of Artists Association, vice president of East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts, president of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts, deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress and member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.
65438-0950 Director of National Art Research Office of East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts. Together with Wu, he purchased and appraised a large number of folk Tibetan paintings, and classified, mounted and trimmed them, which enriched the library collection of the department and provided sufficient intuitive teaching materials for teaching. His figure paintings include Striving for the Payment of Agricultural Tax, Literary and Art Workers Visiting Poor Farm Workers, and Planting Melons to Spend the Spring Shortage.
1955 gave a speech on the experience of literary thought, and clearly put forward his own views on the development of national art, a corner of Lingyanxi and the first love of Meiyu.
1957 "In memory of Mr. Wu Changshuo" was published in the 1 issue of Fine Arts. A survey of Wu Daozi's life was published in Art Research +0957No. 1. Who said that "Chinese painting must be eliminated" was published in No.4 ... Writing Flowers on Yandang Mountain and Yingying Landscape.
old age
April 1959, 1 published "More Beautiful Paintings" in Wen Wei Po. Write the first draft of a brief history of flower-and-bird painting. He was invited to participate in the exhibition "Our Contemporaries" held by the Soviet Union with his works such as carved eagle, The Small Canopy Boat and Jiang Tian Xin Ji.
196 1 In April, 2000, at the "National Conference on Teaching Materials for Liberal Arts in Colleges and Universities" held in Beijing, he put forward suggestions on the teaching of Chinese painting in three subjects: figures, landscapes and flowers and birds, and wrote the opinion that Chinese painting in three subjects should be studied separately.
In April, the landscape painting of 1962 "On Huang's Achievements" was published in Donghai magazine,No. 1962. "Yu Ji" is the Myanmar Embassy in China.
1963 On New Year's Day, the "Pan Tianshou Art Exhibition" sponsored by Shanghai Artists Association and China Painting Academy was held in Shanghai Art Museum. Under the auspices of Pan Tianshou and with the assistance of student Ma (), the Department of Calligraphy and Seal Cutting was formally established in the Academy of Fine Arts.
1965 In the spring, my teachers and students and I went to Shangyu County to participate in the rural social education movement.
1At the beginning of June, 966, the "Cultural Revolution" broke out and he was put in a bullpen for three years.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/969, he was taken to his hometown of Ninghai County, Yuto. On the way back to Hangzhou, he wrote the last poem on the back of a cigarette paper: "The cage is so narrow, but the heart is as wide as the sky." Luo Zhi's right and wrong have been resentful since ancient times. " In April, he was seriously ill and was taken to work in a factory. He was in a coma due to heart failure and was taken to the hospital for emergency treatment. He has been bedridden ever since.
From August, 65438 to August, 0970, due to the lack of timely and serious treatment, severe hematuria occurred.
1971September 5th, Pan Tianshou died before dawn.
Main work
Artistic proposition
Pen and ink skills
Western Europe and the East have different regions, different races and colors, different lifestyles, temperaments and customs. Westerners say that there is no ink color in nature, but Chinese paintings use ink color to express objects, and ancient painted pottery in China is expressed by ink color. Wu Changshuo often painted peonies with ink and red, giving full play to the effectiveness of ink, which made the color change very complicated and the contrast was strong, reaching the incisive level.
Qi Baishi said that "beauty lies in likeness and dissimilarity", and he pursues likeness rather than likeness, which is the characteristic of traditional art in China. Ink is the master of five colors, but it must be matched with white, so it is clear. Laozi said, "Know white and keep black." Painting gets inspiration from pen, rhyme from ink, and massiness from concentration, accumulation and breaking. This meaning was known by Mi Xiangyang of the Northern Song Dynasty. Ink is hard to dry, scorch, moisten and wet, but it must be dry and scorch to be rich and not sloppy, which is the key to using ink. Murphy's water won't wake up, and his pen won't penetrate. When he wakes up, he is clear and energetic, and when he is transported, he will become something without stagnation. Both should not be neglected. Colors are easy to be gorgeous, not easy to be quaint, and pen and ink are easy to be quaint and not easy to be vulgar. It is enough to use ink and color. Ink painting, the shade is appropriate, black and white, dry and wet complement each other, multicolored parallel painting, though colorless, is better than color painting, and there are five colors in it, which is better than green Rayna Sue. Light colors only seek simplicity, while heavy colors only seek ancient thickness. Knowing this, we can apply colors to the extreme.
Chinese painting teaching
China's painting has its unique tradition and style. Learning China's art should be based on China's method. The basic training of Chinese painting, for freshmen, the first two points to talk about are:
First, concentrate on painting. Determined to devote his life to art.
Second, don't be partial and learn from others.
The repetition of art is equal to zero!
Generally speaking, the learning methods are: (1) to practice the technical basis of Chinese painting; (2) Pay attention to the assistance of poetry, calligraphy and epigraphy; (3) Parallel examination of painting history, painting theory and Gu Shuhua appreciation; The last point is the cultivation of morality and mind. Perseverance, not quick success, will naturally follow.
The foundation is real life, on the one hand, it absorbs techniques from the ancients, on the other hand, it extracts the essence from the life in nature. Sketch should be written alive, not dead, and good works should be better than life.
Finger painting art
Finger painting is very different from stroke painting, which is the interest of finger painting and its evaluation. If you use your fingers as a tool to show off your skills and exaggerate, and the paintings you make are similar to strokes, how can there be finger paintings?
Refers to painting suitable for capitalization, painting simple and ancient themes. But we must pay attention to simplicity and not simplicity, and write without writing, in order to get the length of finger painting. Otherwise, it is easy to fall into monotony and ramble.
Finger painting is a bypass path, which is unique in the transportation of fingers and pen and ink, so it is high and has not been abandoned since the garden.
Refers to the ink is good at dignified and spicy, which is difficult for pen and ink.
Personality assessment
People's Daily commented: "Pan Tianshou's paintings are shocking; One is full of emotion and interest in life, and the other is full of spiritual tension and heroism. The former is based on natural expression, while the latter is based on deliberate management. The course of his life's struggle coincides with the ups and downs of western artistic thoughts on China's fine arts. He believes that the blending of Chinese and foreign art can promote the brilliant development of art, but his own creation insists on seeking new things from tradition itself all his life, and does not reach out to learn from external factors. The differences in style between him and Wu, Qi and Huang are not beyond the unified circle of traditional materials, tools, expression techniques and aesthetic tastes. Therefore, his pursuit of grandeur, adventure and toughness has not yet come out of the traditional aesthetic category of "magnificence", nor has he changed from learning from the spirit of western culture to sublimity. He is the last master of traditional painting who is closest to but has not entered the modern era. " Mr. Xiong Bingming and Mr. Julia talked about two kinds of art, one is the beauty of Pan Tianshou's calligraphy and painting, the other is the beauty of Li Zhimin's cursive script, and they were amazed at the uniqueness of his books.
Phoenix. com commented: "Pan Tianshou is good at freehand brushwork of flowers, birds and landscapes, and occasionally works as a figure. You are good at drawing eagles, starlings, fruits and vegetables, and pine plums. Boldly put pen to paper, be careful of dyeing. The ink is criss-crossed, and the composition is fresh and beautiful, magnificent and interesting. The picture is smart and fascinating. Pan Tianshou's painting themes are eagle, lotus, pine, four gentlemen, mountains and rivers, figures and so on. Every painting must have a strange feeling, seeking a balance in structural risks, with simple form and far-reaching implications. "
Commemoration of future generations
memorial hall
Pan Tianshou Memorial Hall is located in Jing Yun Village, Nanshan Road, Hangzhou 1, which is the former residence of Mr. Pan Tianshou in his later years. 198 1 year, the memorial hall was opened to the public with the approval of the Ministry of Culture. 199 1 year, a modern new museum was expanded on the basis of the former residence.
Right in front of the former residence building is Mr. Pan Tianshou's studio, which displays the painting tables, painting tools, literature, history, calligraphy and painting books that Mr. used before his death. The living room and bedroom, which are connected with the studio, display photos and physical materials of Mr. Wang's life activities for visitors to visit and study. The exhibition building is an art palace.
art gallery
Pan Tianshou Art Museum is located in Pan Tianshou Art Center, Ninghai, Zhejiang.
Pan Tianshou Art Center is divided into five parts: comprehensive exhibition hall, painting and calligraphy art studio, Ninghai historical celebrity figure painting exhibition hall, painting and calligraphy art training base, and student exhibition hall of plastic foundation department of China Academy of Fine Arts. It has successively hosted the Pan Tianshou Design Art Award National Stationery Competition and other activities, and held a series of exhibitions such as Wu Changshuo, Qi Baishi, Huang and Pan Tianshou, Ninghai Tibetan Pan Tianshou, Pan, and works exhibitions.
After the opening of the Pan Tianshou Art Museum, it will be organically combined with the Pan Tianshou Art Center, further strengthen cooperation and exchanges with art museums in the Yangtze River Delta and other regions, and continue to play its exhibition, display and collection functions.
The value of the work
201May 17, Guardian Auction-China Painting and Calligraphy Treasures Auction, Pan Tianshou's masterpiece "Eagle Stone Mountain Flower Map" started at 68 million. After dozens of auctions, it was finally sold for 243 million yuan and was bought by mysterious buyers by phone. This work was created in the 1960s and is about 23.3 square feet.