Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is located between Mingsha Mountain and Sanwei Mountain in Gobi Desert, 20 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang, Gansu. Mogao Grottoes is the largest of the world-famous Dunhuang Grottoes. It was founded in the second year of Fujian and Jianyuan in the former Qin Dynasty (AD 366). After the Northern Wei, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, it formed a magnificent scale. By the time of Wu Zetian in Tang Dynasty, there were more than 1000 caves. There are nearly 500 existing caves, with more than 45,000 square meters of murals and more than 2,400 colored sculptures. These art treasures reflect the social life and the development of plastic arts in China from the 6th century to the 4th century. They are the largest art galleries in the world.
Longmen Grottoes Longmen Grottoes are also called "Yi Que Grottoes". Located in Longmen Mountain (Xishan) and Xiangshan Mountain (Dongshan) on both sides of the entrance of Yihe River, about 13 km south of Luoyang City, Henan Province. The mountain split like an axe and divided into two mountains, east and west. From a distance, it looks like a door, so it is called "Longmen". Grottoes are distributed on the east and west cliffs on both sides of Yishui. It began around the 18th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 494). After more than 400 years of Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties, temples and caves have been built on a large scale. There are more than 1300 grottoes, nearly 800 stone niches and nearly100000 Buddha statues. The largest Buddha statue is over17m, and the smallest is only 2cm. There are more than 3,600 inscriptions, among which Twenty Longmen is the most famous, which is the treasure of China's calligraphy art.
Maijishan Grottoes Maijishan Grottoes are located in Maijishan, southeast of Tianshui County, Gansu Province. This mountain is 142 meters high and looks like a pile of wheat, hence its name. The grottoes were dug in the late Sixteen States (383 ~ 4 17). Large-scale construction in Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties. Later, there were chisels in Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 734), a strong earthquake occurred in Tianshui area, and Maijishan Grottoes were shattered and divided into two cliffs. At present, there are 54 caves in the East Cliff and 140 caves in the West Cliff. In the caves, 7,800 pieces of clay sculptures and stone carvings, as well as 1 300 square meters of murals, were preserved from the 4th century to19th century. Maijishan caves are mostly dug on cliffs, which is rare in existing caves in China.
Yungang Grottoes Yungang Grottoes are located at the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain in the western suburbs of Datong City, Shanxi Province, and are 16 kilometers away from Datong City. Formerly known as Cave Temple. Because Wuzhou Mountain is also known as Yungang, later generations often call it Yungang Cave. Because there are ten temples, also known as the ten temples in the cave. It was founded in the second year of Xing 'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 453), and it has been 1500 years since. There are 53 main caves, 1200 caves, 5 1000 statues and flying objects, which are distributed in the central, eastern and western parts. The fifth cave of Tan Yao is located in the middle, and the main Buddha statue is Sakyamuni, which is 13.7 meters high. Buddhist art in western grottoes is becoming more and more China-like, which is close to the artistic style of Longmen Grottoes. Yungang Grottoes, an artistic masterpiece in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a precious heritage of Chinese history, religion and art..