The official position of a military commander in the Northern Song Dynasty
The official system in the Northern Song Dynasty is the most complicated, confusing and elusive system in the history of China, which stumped countless heroes. The names of its officers are varied and numerous.
Since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, in view of the wars of the Five Dynasties, military commanders seized power, and the separatist regime in the buffer regions became a common practice. At that time, our era was half an emperor, and it was king when it was done. It's too bad to merge. That's because you are incompetent.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, the decision-makers devoted themselves to ending this chaotic situation. Therefore, we use a series of means to wipe out the forces of our times, and then send the prestigious generals in the imperial army to the local areas as our times. Bring local elites to the central government and establish a powerful and elite imperial army, which is directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor. There are only old, weak and disabled soldiers in your official position, which is called Xiang Army.
In this way, our time has become an empty shell, the Xiang army is old, weak and sick, and the place can't make trouble. The imperial army is under the jurisdiction of the emperor, and it takes turns to garrison the capital, and the generals should also take turns. When the mountain turns into water, so does the water? The capital has also been set up.
As you all know, I'd better get to the point-officers in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Because it is complicated to a certain extent, I don't know where to start, so I have to say whatever I want.
★ Ambassador of China, Ambassador of Observation, Ambassador of National Defense, Ambassador Ying Yong, Ambassador of the Secretariat.
These former government officials are all idlers now, and so on. If he has no other official position, then he is the one who doesn't just take money. And many of them are leaders from different places, just don't go to their posts.
For example, in the early Song Dynasty, Cui began to serve as ambassador, when Sichuan was not the territory of the Song Dynasty. Because he has a position in the Imperial Army, he works in the Imperial Army. Later, Cui became an official. After the victory of Song and Liao Dynasties, he was promoted to the title of "Three Rings of River and Yang", which was located in Mengzhou. But does he have an actual position? Guannandu deployment? His office is in Levin, Hebei Province, so he actually works there.
The secretariat was originally the chief executive of a country, but in the Song Dynasty, it was known to be the real chief executive of the country, and the secretariat was only a virtual title that marked military achievements.
Later, our time was not limited to military attache. After the prime minister is dismissed, we usually have time. For example, after Zhao Pu was dismissed twice, we were all given time. After the Tang envoys were recalled, they were sometimes given our time, such as Wu attacking Tang envoys and giving our time to the army.
Briefly list the bugles of the Song Dynasty buffer region:
Zhou Zhen Cheng Dejun, Luzhou Zhao Yijun, Yunzhou Datong Army, Jinzhou Xiong Jianjun, Cangzhou Hengshui Division, Dingzhou Yiwu Army, Shuozhou Zhenwu Army, Daming Tianxiong Army, Yizhou Yicheng Army, Yunzhou Tian Pingjun, Yanzhou Taining Army, Xuzhou Wuning Army, Cao Zhou Zhang Xinjun, Shouzhou Zhongzheng Army, Luzhou Baoxin Army, Chen Zhou Zhenan Army, etc. He Zhongfu garde nationale, Shaanxi Baoyi Army, Dengzhou Wu Shengjun, Xuzhou Zhongwujun, Kuizhou Ningjiangjun, Langzhou Wupingjun, Fuzhou Weiwujun, Guizhou Jingjiang Army, Hongzhou Town Nanjun, Tanzhou Wu 'an Army, Jingzhaofu Yongxing Army, Qingzhou Town Navy, Xiangzhou Zhang Dejun, Cangzhou Baojun, Yaozhou Sense German Army, Fengxiang House Fengxiang. Zhou Qixing German Army, Fengzhou Tiandejun Army, NSW Weisai Army, Lingzhou Shuofang Army, Jiangling Prefecture Jingnan (no bugle), Xiangzhou Shannan East Road (same as before), Xingyuan Prefecture Shannan West Road (same as before), Mengzhou Heyang Three Cities (same as before), Chengdu Prefecture Jiannan Xichuan (same as before), Taiyuan Prefecture Hedong (same as before), Yangzhou Huainan
★ In the Tang Dynasty, the sanitation officers left and right Wei, Wu Wei, Wei, Ling Wei, Jin Wuwei, Warden, Da Wei and Sixteen Wei, and in the Song Dynasty, they also became empty titles.
There are several kinds of people who are usually awarded sanitation officials:
1, retired from the buffer zone of our time, generally rewarded with sanitation or access. Such as Xing Wu and Yang.
2. The demoted general officer. Cao Bin, for example, went to Tian Ping to be our health officer after Gou's defeat.
3. The monarch of a small country captured by the United War. For example, Zhou Baoquan of Hunan Province was named An Youqi Niuwei University after entering the Song Dynasty.
4. People like Ma Xu and Guo Jiu. For example, Wang Shenqi's eldest son Wang, named Zuo Wei, betrothed the princess to him, which was also a betrothal promise when a glass of wine freed the soldiers.
★ Imperial Army Sanya Imperial Army was a regular army in the Northern Song Dynasty, including the emperor's personal soldiers. With the capital as the center, there are signs of equality such as upholding the sun, heavenly martial arts, dragon protection and divine protection. Still stationed, stationed, there is food everywhere. It is the service with the largest quantity, the best quality and the best equipment. It is unified by three military divisions, namely, the front division of the temple, the bodyguard pro-army, and the infantry division. According to the military strength, Peng Ri's army is divided into four levels: compartment, army, headquarters and capital. Later, he forbade soldiers to eat grain and often defended the place.
The titles and names of military commanders in Song Dynasty
The Ministry of War in the late Northern Song Dynasty was a department directly under the central government, equivalent to the current Ministry of National Defense, and was the commander-in-chief in charge of everything (imperial guards, ceremonial ceremonies, halogen books, military exercises, militia, Xiang army, Turkish army,
Fanjun, the industry of four barbarians, the politics of chariots and horses, the map of the world. ) Sir, Minister of War. Naoki, Deputy Assistant Minister of the Ministry of War 1 15 Official Affairs of the Privy Council
It is equivalent to the main function of the current General Command, and it is a decree to control military maintenance, military defense, border reserve and military command. Divide into twelve parts
Room, similar to the current department under the Ministry of National Defense. Including North Room (Northern Theater Command) and Hexi Room (Western Theater Commander)
Department), dispatching room (commander in chief of the army), Beijing office (Central Security Bureau), teaching reading room (training base), Guangxi
Room (Southern Theater Command), Soldiers Room (Officers and Soldiers Archives Bureau), Militia Room (Reserve and Armed Police), Officials Room (Personnel Bureau
), knowledge miscellaneous room (headquarters office), stable (full-time training armored soldiers: cavalry), small clerk room (management sergeant), the chief is an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and often concurrently serves as prime minister. This department should not be confused with the Ministry of War. The two are not subordinate to each other.
Du Du's deputy handles some military and political affairs on behalf of the emperor and can appoint civil servants. Military equipment supervision is equivalent to the current logistics equipment department. Responsible for purchasing all kinds of weapons and equipment. The official position of a military commander in an army directly under the central government.
In front of the temple, the commander-in-chief and deputy commander-in-chief, everyone is waiting for each other. The garrison commander of the capital and the deputy cavalry officers under Qian Dian Division are the commander of the rich, the commander of the inner hall, the scattered officers, the scattered generals, the scattered heads, the scattered waiting, the golden gun squad, and the east.
The infantry officers of Xiban, Sanzhi and Junrong are Yulong Branch, Guduozi Branch, Bow Branch and Crossbow Branch. The officers directly under the former government were in danger, including the viceroy, deputy viceroy, viceroy, deputy viceroy, ten generals and generals.
Qian Dian Division consists of four units, called four commanders. Every viceroy has a viceroy and a deputy viceroy, and every viceroy has a military envoy, a deputy military envoy, a general, a general, a waiting official and an executive official. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, officials in front of the palace had great power.
The central government has set up an elite force to take charge of security work. One commander, one deputy commander, one guard, one commander, one deputy commander and one guard.
The honorary post is held by the sanitation officers of the royal imperial clan, both the left and right guards, and the left and right guards.
Left and right guards are in the big left, right guards are in the big left, right leaders are in the big left, and right guards are in the big left.
Zuo Youwei, commander in chief, set up local military commanders and governors' posts in various places, usually serving as our time or for a long time.
Adjutants have a long history, such as Sima Lu, army assistant, judicial department, judge, manager and literature. It's no use making an appointment with an imperial envoy to convey your meaning.
The representative of the imperial envoy who conveyed the meaning related to the army was Fu Xuan's deputy envoy (there was a deputy envoy of Fu Xuan). Judge Fu Xuan always leads the officials in charge of military money and food transportation to stay, and the deputy stays. The central government sends special commissioners to important cities.
After a brief appeasement, the officials in charge of civil affairs, the officials in charge of garrison administration and the officials who conveyed military information to the central government were briefly appeased. People are angry because they often lie about their military situation.
Transporting the officials responsible for sending local specialties to the central government, making the officials responsible for sending local money and grain to the central government recruit, making the officials who put out thieves recruit, making the officials who collect thieves ask for instructions, and making the officials who investigate people's feelings.
Town officials against thieves? Kind and kind? The above four officials became more and more important after the change of Jingkang. Some administrative military attaché s from all walks of life are responsible for garrison training, and the patrol inspection department is responsible for armed police officers and soldiers to fight thieves.
Archers are responsible for counting the situation of local archers. Officials who have dismissed the Garbo Division from training the militia, state military supervisors, and state administrators who practice the integration of military and political affairs are in charge of training state army chiefs, county commandants and county public security chiefs.
Commanders of various armies, deputy generals and commanders are very popular in Yue Fei's biography, but there is nothing special about the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, there was an ancient general rank, from the first auxiliary country to the second town country.
The top scholar Dazheng III went to Huaihua Dazheng Third National Games to return to Germany from the third, from the third to the fourth, from the fourth to Zhuangsi Xuanwei, from the fourth to the fifth.
Ningyuan rode a guerrilla from the fifth, from the fifth, Zhao Wu, captain from the sixth, Zhao Wu, vice captain from the sixth, Wei Zhen, vice captain from the sixth to the seventh, vice captain from the seventh to the seventh.
Yi Hui has a captain from seven Yi Hui, a vice captain from seven Xuanjie, a captain from eight Xuanjie, a vice captain from eight Wu dialects, a captain from eight Wu dialects and a vice captain from eight.
Captain Ren Yong is in the ninth row, and vice captain Ren Yong is in the ninth row. Accompanying vice captain Roewe starts from the ninth row. In addition, the 121 officials and the 8 officials in Song Dynasty all have a joint class system and a package of solutions, which are suitable for civil and military officials of all ages.
Currency in Song Dynasty is the oldest currency in the world, and its basic characteristics are large quantity, various types and complicated versions. Most of the coins in the Northern Song Dynasty were within 1~3 yuan, while the copper coins in the Southern Song Dynasty were slightly less, but the transaction price was also around several yuan. At the same time, there are treasures of the Song Dynasty.
In the Song Dynasty, appellations changed frequently, and almost every appellation was different from Bao Tong, Yuanbao and Chongbao. For example, during Hui Zong's 25-year reign, there were as many as six titles and 1 1 coins, some of which were very short. There is less money for casting titles here, even less after thousands of years of elimination, and the price remains high. For example, Jianguo Yuanbao has been handed down from generation to generation. The rest, such as Song Renzong used nine kinds of titles, 1 1 coins, Li Zong's eighth political reform and Southern Song Dynasty 16 coins, etc. , leaving many isolated products, such as Zhonghe, Jingkang Yuanbao (Tong), Yuanbao and so on. Song Qinzong Jingkang coins, in particular, have always been highly respected by the spring community.
Qian Qian's calligraphy in Song Dynasty is rich and colorful, including original works, cursive script, seal script and calligraphy. For example, coins such as Chongning, Daguan and Xuanhe in Hui Zong's thin gold calligraphy are quite famous in the history of Chinese calligraphy and coinage, and some calligraphy coins with certain year numbers are even more rare and unusual, such as Bao Tong, the emperor of 10% off seal script, Shaosheng, Fu Yuan, Shengsong, Hesheng and Tongpin.
In addition, some of the money in the Song Dynasty was limited to casting iron coins, and some were cast in very small quantities. These copper coins are either precious iron mother iron model copper or priceless, such as Xining Bao Tong, Yuanfeng, Fuyuan Chongbao, Shengsong Bao Tong, Xuanhe Yuanbao and so on. There are also some ancient coins with special shapes, such as Guang Chuan Tiemu, Lin 'an House Copper and Lead Brand, Zhejiang Second Emperor Song Bao Tong, Xiaoping Chongning, Dahezhi, Zhejiang Shixiangfu, Xianpinggui Lead, etc., which are rare and valuable.
There were also some special poets in the Song Dynasty, such as the auspicious stars and moons, the "Ten" who worshiped Ning and cherished Bao, the "Five-year Emperor" in the Song Dynasty, the "Harmony" in Qingyuan, the "Country" and "Square" in Yuan Dynasty, and the superstar Taiping, all of which were worth a hundred times. Generally, coins in Song Dynasty were newly minted every time they changed their numbers, and there were many kinds of mints. During the 300 years of the Song Dynasty, Xiaoping and two-yuan discount were mainly used, and large bills were occasionally used, and their outlines and sizes had certain standards. From the seventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Qian Bei began to use numbers to record the years, and his calligraphy style gradually became dominated by the Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the coins minted in Song Dynasty were very exquisite, especially in Hui Zong period. The first thin golden body was seen in Qian Wen, with exquisite calligraphy and exquisite foundry workers. Fakes are often dwarfed. Another feature of Song Qian is its numerous editions, such as Xuanhe, Zhenghe and * * * with hundreds of editions. There were more than 10 kinds of Jiading iron coins in the Southern Song Dynasty, including Bao Tong, Yuanbao, Chongbao, Xinbao, Yongbao, Zhenbao, Zhenbao, Bao Zheng, Zhibao, Wanbao, etc., and the differences in geographical location, chronological date and chronological value of the stories behind them were original creations since ancient times. Ordinary Song coins cannot be forged, but Kangding, Chongbao Beifang, Guo, Shengsong, Jingkang and other varieties of counterfeit money are more. You must be careful when you encounter such coins, and carefully observe whether there are any forgery marks and whether they are consistent with a large number of ordinary Song coins. There are three styles of money cards in Lin 'an Prefecture in Southern Song Dynasty; One is the upper and lower fillet; The other is the upper and lower corners; The third one is under the upper circle. In the Qing dynasty, counterfeiters used money to turn over sand, and the fakes they made were almost genuine, but the color paste was rusty and inferior, and individual words were out of shape.
In the Song Dynasty, 1 silver = 1 copper = the purchasing power of RMB in 300 yuan, gold, silver and copper have always been an interesting topic. The Eight Diagrams Water Margin also converted the currency of the Song Dynasty into today's RMB to conform to the modern context. Master Wu Zhai is not an expert in studying the currency of the Song Dynasty, so it is obviously impossible to convert it completely and accurately. Only a rough estimate can be given here to give readers a basic concept.
Generally speaking, gold, silver and copper coins (actually copper-based alloys) were the main currencies in ancient times. The silver standard system in Song Dynasty is different from that in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is a copper standard system. Copper coins are the main currency, and gold and silver are not used as currency. What is the basic unit of copper coins? Words? And then what? Infiltration (缗)? , has been 1000. There were 800 articles and 850 articles in the Song Dynasty when the financial situation was tight. There are also discounts of two yuan, when San Qian, when ten yuan and other disguised inflation. For example, when Yang Zhi killed Niu Er, Niu Er was once asked by San Qian to try the knife. As the name implies, San Qian spent one yuan as San Qian, and Cai Jing even spent ten yuan as prime minister. In order to simplify our calculation method, the prime minister ignored these factors.