An amazing masterpiece handed down from ancient times.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the immortal work of Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, with its magnificent pictures, truly depicts the scenery of the Bianhe River and its banks during the Xuanhe period in the Northern Song Dynasty. The scroll is divided into three parts: the first part draws the first light, and a group of donkeys with loads slowly walk through the city road on the riverside road in the suburbs. Silent village head, slightly chilly, sparse houses, tender willows blooming, and gradually sedan chairs rode to the edge of Beijing. The second part describes the prosperity of Bianhe transportation. At that time, the Bianhe River was a national transportation hub, and all kinds of ships from all over the country lived on it. In Bianhe, there is a huge arch bridge connecting the land traffic on both sides. The bridge has no piers and columns, and it spans its banks with wooden structures. Strong and beautiful, like a rainbow flying, it is called "Hongqiao". Getting on and off Hongqiao is an important traffic artery. People are crowded together, bustling, and the bridge is full of traffic. All kinds of postures and expressions are vividly portrayed and wonderful. This is a tense and busy picture, which is the climax of the picture scroll. The last part depicts the street view of the city. Entering the city gate, streets criss-cross, karaoke restaurants, tea shops, foot shops, doctors, farmers, workers, businessmen, monks, Taoists, doctors, cars, boatmen, women and children, all walks of life, everything. Pedestrians in the street, crowded with each other, kept coming and going until "Zhao Tai got married". The whole volume depicts more than 500 people, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 vehicles and boats of all kinds, with many houses, rigorous structure and orderly. Skillful technique, meticulous pen, vigorous lines, dignified and sophisticated, reflecting a high degree of pure painting skills and outstanding artistic achievements. At the same time, because the picture was a real social scene at that time, it provided important historical materials for future generations to understand and study the social life of the city in Song Dynasty.
Song Huizong became the first collector.
After the publication of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, it has been cherished by connoisseurs of past dynasties, and it has become the hunting object of royalty, dignitaries, collectors and even conspirators. People are honored to get its authentic products. The earliest collector of this famous painting was Evonne, Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Evonne is good at painting and calligraphy, and he also knows the artistic value of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Therefore, he cherished the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival very much, and specially wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" for this painting with his unique thin gold body, and stamped his own small seal of Shuanglong.
After the Jin people captured Bianjing, Emperor Hui Zong was sent to the north by the Jin people, and this painting also reached the people and spread among many people. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Riverside Map at Qingming Festival was once again put into the palace and kept in the Royal Treasures Museum. Later, a descendant of Zhao imperial academy and a famous calligrapher secretly took it out of the Treasure Hall and sent it to Huzhou, his hometown. Later it was replaced by a copy. More than 200 years later, the original "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" arrived in Suzhou from Zhao's family.
Yan Song once collected this painting.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Prime Minister Yan Song learned that this painting was in the hands of Foreign Minister Wang, and sent Ji Men Governor Wang Shu to buy it from Wang. Wang was afraid of Yan Song's power and didn't want to hand over the painting, so he found a famous painter to copy it and gave it to Yan Song. Yan Song didn't know it was a fake painting, but he showed it off publicly and was caught by a framed person. The mounted police told Yan Song. Yan Song was furious when he learned that he had been cheated, and immediately arrested Wang on the charge of "cheating others". Wang couldn't stand the punishment, and the original was hidden in his uncle's hand. Yan Song used his power to get the original from there, and the poor king finally died in prison. Yan Song's insider, Uncle Wang, is the clearest. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing, Wang Shubing was defeated by Yanmen, and Yan Song took the opportunity to kill him on the charge of "losing the opportunity to run the army", thus achieving the goal of killing him. Two people died for a picture. According to this historical fact, Li Yu, a dramatist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, wrote The Legend of a handful of snow and put it on the stage.
Later, Yan Song gradually fell out of favor, his son was beheaded, his mansion was sealed, his property was confiscated, and the riverside scene on Qingming Festival was incorporated into the palace for the third time.
During the Ming Dynasty, due to a fire in the palace, the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival was bought by the monarch Zhu and changed hands later. Later, it was stolen by the minister and hidden in a gap in the imperial ditch. When the painting was hidden in the imperial ditch, it coincided with heavy rain, and the water in the ditch rose and flooded the crevices. The rain stopped, the water stopped, and the painting was soaked and deformed, so this famous painting was damaged and lost.
However, there is another original painting of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan. It was a picture of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which was redrawn after Zhang Zeduan crossed the south for missing his homeland after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an original painting bought by Bi Yuan, Governor of Huguang, during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Later, Bi Yuan was executed for his guilt and his property was stolen into the palace. This picture "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" was included in the palace.
It has been collected in the Palace Museum.
After the Revolution of 1911, Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was expelled from the Forbidden City. Among a large number of cultural relics brought out by Puyi when he left the palace, there is the original "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival".
Puyi took this painting to Changchun after he came to power in the Puppet Manchukuo, and kept it in the library building of the East Courtyard of Puppet Manchukuo Palace. 1945 After Japan surrendered, this painting went into exile among the people. 1946 After the liberation of Changchun, a cadre of the People's Liberation Army collected this original painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" through local cadres. Now this original painting was redrawn after Zhang Zeduan crossed the south, and it is kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Confuse the real with the fake.
As the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a famous painting handed down from ancient times, famous painters of all ages scrambled to copy it, and many copies appeared, many of which were of high copying level, and the fakes reached a chaotic level, so it was difficult to distinguish their authenticity.
There have been rumors about the authenticity of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival since Ming and Qing Dynasties. Both of Lu He's pamphlets in Qing Dynasty mentioned the story of a paperhanger who saw through the forgery of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. When Tang Qin framed a picture of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, he found that there were four people rolling dice in the picture, two of them were at six o'clock and one was spinning. The dice player opened his mouth and called "six", hoping for a six. Tang Qin thinks that Kaifeng people call the word "six" with a pinch of accent, while the people in the painting all call the word "six" with their mouths open, which is the accent shape of Fujian people, so he suspects that this painting is forged. It is recorded in Summer Picture that when Tang Qin boarded the painting, he found a sparrow with two small paws stepping on two tiles. He thinks that the original author will never have this phenomenon, which must be the failure of the copyist. But Tang Qin is a little-known person, so some people doubt whether these statements are really reasonable. In fact, the real thing is just a comfort to collectors. Whether it is genuine or fake, later generations can appreciate the prosperity of the capital of song dynasty and the prosperity of the whole society in song dynasty.