Xie Wuliang (1884 ~ 1964), male, from Lezhi, Sichuan. Formerly known as Meng, the word Dacheng, the number Xifan, later renamed Shen, the word boundless, don't sign up for the temple. Famous scholars, poets and calligraphers in modern times. 190 1 year, Li Shutong and Huang Yanpei entered Nanyang Public School. At the end of Qing Dynasty, he was appointed as the inspector of Chengdu Ancient Preservation School. In the early years of the Republic of China, he served as Secretary-General of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Speaker of the Senate, and instructor of the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen's base camp. After that, he engaged in education and writing, and served as a professor in many universities in China. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the curator of the Western Sichuan Museum, a professor at Renmin University of China and the deputy director of the Central Museum of Literature and History. In terms of learning, poetry and calligraphy, it is allowed to be a generation.
Chinese name: Xie Wuliang.
Xie Wuliang Mbth
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Lezhi, Sichuan
Date of birth: 1884
Date of death: 1964
Occupation: scholar, poet and calligrapher
Graduate school: Nanyang Public School
Masterpiece: the essence of ethics
Original name: Xie Meng.
Poetry anthology: Qingcheng Zayong
Calligraphy Collection: Poems written by Xie Wuliang, etc.
The life of the character
Early experience
At the age of 4, Xie Wuliang came to Anhui with his parents to learn poetry and classical literature from his father. 1898 Appreciate the famous scholar Tang Shouqian.
190 1 year, he joined Nanyang public school in Li Shutong and Huang Yanpei. After class, he and Ma Yifu founded a translation club together, and edited and published Translation World magazine, which mostly contains world famous works and socialist works. During this period, I met Zhang Taiyan, Zou Rong, Zhang and others, and wrote for Su Bao.
1903 After the Su Bao case happened in June, he went to Japan to study. In March of the following year, he returned to China, exhibited Sikuquanshu and social science masterpieces in Zhenjiang and Hangzhou successively, and taught in local schools.
From 65438 to 0906, he went to Beijing as the editor-in-chief of Beijing Daily, writing editorials and commenting on current events every day.
1909 was hired as the inspector of Sichuan ancient books preservation school and was also awarded the seal. After teaching, he devoted himself to the study of classical literature. In June 5438+10 in the same year, Sichuan established the Consultative Bureau to participate in the constitutional movement with Zhang Lan and others. He was entrusted to write a petition to Congress, pointing out: "The situation in the world is not as urgent as it is today. There are thieves and floods inside, and there are worries about being forced by neighbors outside." "The authorities should consult the wise men of the world, brainstorm and catch up to prevent the crisis. I am eager to make a big plan as soon as possible and set up a national assembly suitable for the people. The security of the clan society is at stake. "
Participate in the Revolution of 1911
19 1 1 June, 2008, participated in the road protection movement with Zhang Lan and others.
19 12 summer, she left Sichuan and traveled to southern provinces. The following year, she went to Shanghai to compile books for Zhonghua Book Company, and successively published History of China Literature, History of China Philosophy and History of China Women's Literature.
19 17 In July, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote "People's Republic of China (PRC)'s Founding Strategy" in Shanghai, admiring it, and sent a letter to make an appointment, asking for thanks with the manuscript. Xie put forward his own ideas to Mr. Sun Zhongshan and had a pleasant conversation.
After the May 4th Movement, Xie Wuliang actively supported the New Culture Movement, often published poems in New Youth, and began to write several pamphlets on Chinese studies for the Commercial Press in vernacular Chinese, among which The Two Great Writers of Civilian Literature (renamed Ma Zhiyuan and Luo Guanzhong when Wan You Hongyu was compiled) was praised by Lu Xun. Together with The New Theory of Chu Ci and The Study of Ancient Political Thought, it was highly praised by Sun Yat-sen..
1923 In February, he was employed as a teacher at Guangdong University, and Sun Yat-sen appointed him as the base camp of the Senate soon. In the autumn of the same year, Sun Yat-sen sent him and Chen Jianru to Shenyang to meet with Zhang to discuss the crusade against Cao Kun and Wu, and reached an agreement on Zhili.
1May, 924, served as special secretary of the Grand Marshal's Office (i.e. confidential secretary); 165438+ 10 went north with Sun Yat-sen.
1926 In July, he was hired by Nanjing Southeast University as the head of history department to teach historical research methods. In September of the following year, he was transferred to China College to teach.
1931February served as the inspector general of the state government affairs supervision institute.
Actively resist Japan
After the "September 18th Incident", Shanghai National Disaster Monthly advocated reorganizing the government and resolutely resisting Japan.
1932 After the "December 28th Incident", the national tragedy monthly was changed to the national tragedy evening newspaper, and articles were written every day to denounce Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei's non-resistance policy. In the same year, Cai Yuanpei, Soong Ching Ling, Lu Xun and others initiated the organization "China Civil Rights Protection Alliance", and Xie actively participated.
1936 1 month, participated in the activities of Shanghai National Salvation Federation composed of Shen Junru and others.
1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, it was evacuated to Hankou, transferred to Hong Kong the following year, and returned to Chongqing on 1940, and rotated to Chengdu. During this period, I lived in poverty and made a living by selling words.
democrat without party affiliation
1946, teaching in the preparatory class of Sichuan University Town. The following year, he was elected as a representative of the Constitutional National Assembly; When I went to Nanjing for a meeting, I seldom attended the meeting in the name of suffering from heart disease. When he was elected president, he only voted for Juzheng instead of Chiang Kai-shek. Before the meeting was over, I went to Shanghai on sick leave and still made a living by selling words.
1February, 949, he returned to Chongqing, and was invited by Xiong Kewu to be the dean of China College of Literature.
After the founding of New China, he has served as a member of the Western Sichuan Cultural Relics Management Committee, curator of the Western Sichuan Museum, librarian of the Sichuan Literature and History Research Institute and member of the Provincial Political Consultative Conference.
1956 65438+ 10, as the second special representative of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, was received by President Mao Zedong and invited to take a group photo as a souvenir. In August of the same year, he was invited to Beijing as a professor at Renmin University of China.
/kloc-0 was appointed as the deputy curator of central research institute of culture and history in July, 1960.
On February 7th, Xie Wuliang died at the age of 80.
Characteristics of works
Calligraphy is developing in a very professional direction, and it is healthy and vigorous. Yan Canglang's "Poetry" said: "Is there a problem with thinking becoming philosophy ... but thinking disappears?" When everyone was lying on their books in the prosperous Tang Dynasty? People who have been respected as "calligraphers" in history don't know the depth and breadth of their real "thinking" and "writing", which has never been achieved in today's "calligraphy creation". Mr Xie Wuliang doesn't pretend to be a calligrapher, but he doesn't know that there is a "visual shock" and he can't get together. Such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water, the image in the mirror, the thing in the sword, but I don't know that there is an "exhibition hall effect". However, their words are neither unreasonable nor meaningless. However, there are also many places in his works where the pen is the main body, which truly achieves the depth and breadth of "thinking" and "writing" that today's "calligraphy creation" has never reached.
Mr Xie Wuliang doesn't call himself a calligrapher, but he is a scholar. Such as the voice in the air, the color in the photograph, the moon in the water and the image in the mirror, he regards calligraphy and poetry as a way to express his heart. Most of the time he really spends on calligraphy is spent reading it. He and Lu Xun are the same type of "calligraphers", and their calligraphy seems to be impractical. Many scholars invariably regard "Xie Shu" as the object of direct calligraphy.
Looking at his books, Shen He's works, which pay attention to statutes and origins, are everywhere, hanging in one place. You can't see that he and Lu Xun are a type of "calligrapher" at a glance, but after repeated appreciation, you will find that he inherited the vivid charm of gold and iron and the simplicity of calligraphy of inscriptions in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. His calligraphy is not a word, but he still feels that at a higher level and in a higher sense, it is leisurely, healthy and magnificent. Yan Canglang's "Poetry Talk" said: "In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, people honed their thumbs, spleen and breasts, and they were healthy, clear and magnificent. Yan Canglang's "Poetry Talk" said: "People in the prosperous Tang Dynasty didn't even know that there was an exhibition hall effect. However, their books are neither unreasonable nor frequent, just interesting. Their calligraphy is composed of knowledge, talent and transcendence, and has the essential characteristics of vividness and freehand brushwork. Looking at his book, I can't find any trace. Therefore, its beauty is also influenced by Shen's calligraphy. Every word in his calligraphy is a dangerous stroke. So delicate that you can't get together. Such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water and the image in the mirror, can't get together. Such as the sound in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water and the image in the mirror, I wonder if there is a "visual impact". In fact, I think it is no problem to use this passage to explain Xie Wuliang's calligraphy. Is there a problem of "thinking becomes philosophy" ... thinking disappears? People who have been honored as "calligraphers" in history, although influenced by Shen's calligraphy from the perspective of "law", don't know that they have "shown" that they don't bet on horses. There is nothing wrong with his calligraphy, and there are many places in his works where the pen is the main body. Many scholars invariably regard "Xie Shu" as the object of direct calligraphy, but they will. However, their writings are neither unreasonable nor unreasonable, and the contrast gap is really obvious.
Perhaps it is the reason that today's society overemphasizes efficiency, emphasizes function and results (all this will inevitably lead to a short-term behavior). No, Xi Fan Jiao is just suddenly cold and shocked, and many scholars invariably take "Xie Shu" as the object of direct study. He is a scholar. They are the kind of people who are full of paper and thin pens, and then they are easy to become famous. But he and Lu Xun are the same type of "calligraphers" at first sight, and then he tries to find it boring. Losing the formal expression of connotation is the greatest obliteration of truth, goodness and beauty. The exquisite music is exquisite, and the things embodied in the Thank You Book can only be obtained from outside the words.
Social assessment
Academic master
Xie Wuliang is a knowledgeable and profound academic master, involving literature, history, philosophy, Confucian classics and many other fields. President Mao Zedong commented on Xie Wuliang, saying, "Mr. Xie Wuliang is knowledgeable, has a good knowledge of China's classical literature and philosophy, and has made great progress in his thoughts. Before the October Revolution in the Soviet Union, he wrote Wang Chong's Philosophy and advocated historical materialism. "
In terms of literary history, Xie Wuliang's works such as History of China Literature, Six Writers of China, Two Writers of Civilian Literature, and History of Women's Literature in China fully demonstrated his historical view. Xie Wuliang did not judge his works completely according to historical stages and stage theory. This paper focuses on the value of civilian literature and its role in promoting social development. Its objective and fair evaluation has been highly praised by many scholars.
In the aspect of Chinese teaching materials, the Notes on China Cultural and Educational Textbooks was compiled, which broke through the old routine of "linear" arrangement of old-style selected textbooks, took into account the time sequence and depth of texts, and tried to adopt a new stylistic classification system. Although the "compilation" here is not a unit in the strict modern sense, it obviously has the idea of components, which has created a precedent for Chinese textbooks in middle schools in China to organize texts by units. In addition, the reading aid system of the textbook has been obviously expanded, and the contents of solving problems, introducing authors, commenting and evaluating fragments have been added, so as to help students practice reading and understanding articles.
In the history of philosophy, Xie Wuliang wrote History of Philosophy of China, Philosophy of Confucius, Han Fei and Wang Chong, Zhuzi School and Yangming School, and Explaining Buddhism and Taoism. In the book, he not only used sufficient materials to record the narrative, but also made his own comments on historical figures.
In the history of thought, Xie Wuliang has made in-depth research on political thought, economic thought and moral thought, and has written such works as Research on Ancient Political Thought, Examination of Gutian in China, and On Women's Cultivation.
prominent teacher
Xie Wuliang is also an excellent teacher. From 1904 Professor of Anhui Public College to 1956 Professor of China Renmin University. During his 52-year teaching career, Xie Wuliang successively served as the president, dean, department head and professor of 1 1 university. When teaching students, he pays attention to diligence, inspiration and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. During his teaching in China Renmin University, in order to adapt to the systematic study of liberal arts students, he specially compiled "Student Series" for students and "Chinese Studies Xiaobian" for scholars with high academic performance. It can be said that Xie Wuliang's teaching career is an important part of his outstanding social career.
An outstanding poet
Xie Wuliang is also an outstanding poet. He began to write poetry at the age of 6, until he was 80, mainly composed of classical quatrains and metrical poems, with Yuefu, Xiaoling and Yu Lian in the middle. He wrote more than 2000 poems and often read more than 300. His important poetry collections include "Poems of Qingcheng" and so on. In his poems, we can not only see his resentment against foreign invasion, but also feel his sincere feelings for his hometown and nation, as well as his strong expectation and desire for the country. Yu Youren once called his poems "quaint and subtle, full of sound and emotion, profound implication and unique style". Liu Junhui commented, for example, Liu Xizai said that "people can't spit out things, and if they spit them out, they will be high; If you tolerate what others can't tolerate, you will be big; If people can't bend, it will be deep, and it will reach the realm of high, big and deep.
calligrapher
Xie Wuliang is also a unique calligrapher in the field of calligraphy. Influenced by his life in the mountains and the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts, his "bound ci style" is spontaneous, natural and unrestrained, so it is called "children's style" returning to nature and has been recognized by everyone. Yu Youren praised his calligraphy very much, saying that he was a "dry wooden style", with a straight pen and a unique charm, which was influenced by Zhu in the Song Dynasty. Yu Youren once said: "The pen is full of vitality, and the charm is not limited to the pen. I am ashamed of myself. " Shen Zeng praised: "Infinite calligraphy traces back to the elegance and health of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and is the glory of the next generation. The brushwork is exquisite and fresh." His existing calligraphy works are published in the form of inscriptions, including Poems Written by Xie Wuliang, Calligraphy Classics of the 20th Century-Xie Wuliang Collection, Calligraphy by Famous Writers of Past Dynasties-Xie Wuliang, China Calligraphy Style Series-Xie Wuliang Calligraphy Style, and Xie Wuliang Calligraphy. In addition, there are countless poems, couplets, letters and inscriptions scattered in the society.
There is an article "Xie Wuliang Calligraphy Appreciation" by Mr. Wu Zhangshu in China Calligraphy Appreciation Dictionary, which gives an accurate evaluation of Xie Wuliang's artistic achievements in calligraphy: "Because of his extensive knowledge, profound connotation, poetic temperament, broad-mindedness and extraordinary calligraphy, he has formed his own unique style and is unique in the book world. As can be seen from his handwriting, he made great efforts in the inscription of the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. Judging from the style of writing, it is obviously influenced by Zhong You, Er Wang and Epitaph of a Black Woman. From the perspective of structure, we can get a glimpse of the symbols of the six dynasties statues such as "righteousness and brightness". Although he inherited these inscriptions, he was by no means their slave. Instead, he could learn from others, create his own calligraphy style and establish his own school in the history of calligraphy in China.
Obviously, Xie is an innovator of calligraphy and a pioneer of calligraphy innovation. His writing style is natural and unrestrained, flowing and interesting, which is completely natural after his skills and cultivation have reached perfection, and it is by no means intentional. "Or" children's body "returning to nature. Yu Youren also praised his calligraphy very much. His poems are quaint and subtle, full of sound and emotion, profound in meaning and unique in style.
Mr Xie Wuliang doesn't call himself a calligrapher, but he is a scholar. He regards calligraphy and poetry as a way to express his thoughts. Most of the time he really spends on calligraphy is spent reading posts. He and Lu Xun are the same type of "calligraphers". Their calligraphy seems indifferent to the law, but those unforgettable things naturally emerge between the lines. It is their knowledge, talent and transcendental understanding of the essential characteristics of vivid freehand brushwork that have made their calligraphy. Looking at his books, you can't see what he belongs to at a glance. After repeated appreciation, you will find that he not only inherited the vivid charm of gold and iron in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the simplicity and naturalness of inscriptions, but also was influenced by Shen calligraphy.
His calligraphy is full of adventure, leisure, strength and vigor, and momentum. "Cang Hua" says: "The people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are only interested. The antelope hangs on the horn, and there is no trace to be found. So its beauty is thorough and exquisite, and it is impossible to pool together. Such as the voice in the air, the color in the phase, the moon in the water, and the image in the mirror are inexhaustible. " In fact, I think it is no problem to use this passage to explain Xie Wuliang's calligraphy. Although there are many characteristics in his works that any pen has, when I look at his works together with Shen He's works that pay attention to statutes and origins, I still feel that the contrast gap is really obvious at a higher level and significance.
Academic writing
Xie Wuliang wrote many works in his life, including Introduction to Buddhism, Essentials of Ethics, Philosophy of Laozi, Philosophy of Wang Chong, Zhuzi School, Poetics Guide, Study of the Book of Songs, Textual Research of Gutian in China and so on. Published calligraphy collections include Poems Written by Xie Wuliang, Calligraphy Collection by Xie Wuliang, and Poems Collected by Qingcheng Zayong.
In his later years, Xie Wuliang redoubled his efforts in history, literature and Confucian classics, and published many papers, such as Re-discussing Li Yishan, Commemorating the Revolutionary Dramatist Guan Hanqing, and Research and Annotation on the Book of Songs.
Xie Wuliang is an upright patriot, a pioneer in the study of traditional cultural system, and a philosopher with outstanding achievements in poetry, calligraphy, literature and history research and appreciation of cultural relics. It has a high reputation in academic circles.
A New Comment on Chu Ci: Shanghai Commercial Press, Republic of China 12
A Guide to Ci Poetry: Zhonghua Book Company, Shanghai, Republic of China 14
Confucius, Zhonghua Book Company, Shanghai, Republic of China 15
Yangming School Shanghai Zhonghua Book Company Republic of China 15
The Complete Works of Xie Wuliang Volume I Confucius Han Fei
Xie Wuliang's Collected Works Volume II China's Philosophy
The Complete Works of Xie Wuliang Volume III Zhuzi School
The Complete Works of Xie Wuliang Volume IV Outline of Buddhism
Xie Wuliang's Collected Works Volume V China Women's Literature History
Xie Wuliang's Collected Works Volume VI Six Great Writers in China
A guide to poetry in the seventh volume of Xie Wuliang's collected works
Practical Part 8 of Xie Wuliang's Collected Works: A Study of Ancient Political Thought in Gutian, China
Xie Wuliang's Collected Works Volume 9 China's Great Literature History