1. Questions and answers about calligraphy knowledge (calligraphy test)
a. Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang are revered as the ancestors of the Chinese people. This is how the Chinese people are now called (descendants of Yan and Huang).
b. The three (four) largest grottoes in China refer to (Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, and Maijishan Grottoes).
11. The first female poet, also known as "the first generation of poets": (Li Qingzhao).
12. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty (Tao Yuanming).
13. Representative figures of regular script are: (Yan Zhenqing - Yan Ti, Liu Gongquan - Liu Ti, Ouyang Xun - Ou Ti.)
14. The "Four Gentlemen" in Chinese paintings are Refers to: (plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum).
15. The four famous works in the history of Chinese literature are ("The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "A Dream of Red Mansions").
1. Yang Xiong, a calligrapher of the (Han) Dynasty, was the first to put forward the famous idea that "calligraphy is the painting of the heart".
2. Regular script is also called Zhenshu and Zhengshu. The ancestor of Zhengshu is (Zhong Yao).
3. Wang Xizhi is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy", and his ("Preface to the Lanting Collection") is known as "the best running script in the world".
Regardless of the calligraphy style, the strokes of each dot painting are divided into three parts (starting, extending, and closing), which are interrelated and influence each other.
7. It was the (Qing) Dynasty that formed a clear separation pattern between Tiexue and stele studies.
8. Zhao Ji, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, created his own calligraphy style (thin gold style).
q. Regular script is also called Zhenshu, Zhengshu, and the ancestor of Zhengshu is (Zhong Yao).
w. The four great masters of the Song Dynasty are (Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Cai Xiang).
e. Cursive script is generally divided into three types (Zhangcao, Jincao and Kuangcao).
r. Regardless of the calligraphy style, the strokes of every dot painting are divided into three parts (starting, extending, and closing) that are interrelated and influence each other.
t. It was the (Qing) Dynasty that formed a clear separation pattern between Tiexue and stele studies.
y. Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty once commented that "the right army is like a dragon, and the North Sea is like an elephant." The name of the right army is (Wang Xizhi) and the name of the Beihai is (Li Yong).
u. Yang Xiong, a calligrapher of the (Han) Dynasty, was the first to put forward the famous idea that "calligraphy is the painting of the heart".
2. Hundreds of questions about calligraphy
1. Do you understand the content of "calligraphy"? ………………………(1) 2. What is the connotation of “calligraphy”? What are the similarities and differences with "calligraphy"? …………………………………………………… (2) 3. Do you understand what “calligraphy” refers to? ………………………… (2) 4. Do you understand what “calligraphy” is? ……………………………… (3) 5. What is “calligraphy aesthetics”? ……………………………… (4) 6. What does “calligraphy philosophy” include? ……………………(4) 7. What is the difference between “calligraphy art” and “calligraphy works”? ………… (5) 8. What does the content and form of “calligraphy art” refer to? ……………… (6) 9. What does the content and form of “calligraphy works” refer to? …………(6) 10. Please talk about the independence of the art form of calligraphy………………(6) 11. What is the relationship between “degree” and calligraphy? ……………………………… (7) 12. Please talk about the ontology of calligraphy……………………………… (8) 13. Please talk about the abstraction of calligraphy art Questions……………………(9) 14. Please further explain the relationship between ancient Chinese hieroglyphics and calligraphy abstraction……………………………………(10) 15 .Where does the "ambiguity" of calligraphy art manifest? ………………(11) 16.What is the “dimensionality” of calligraphy? ………………………………(13) 17. How to understand the relationship between calligraphy and society? …………………………(14) 18.What is “calligraphy management”? What does it include? …………(16) 19. Please talk about “Calligraphy Economics”……………………(17) 20. What does “Calligraphy Pedagogy” include? ………………………… (18) 21. What is the relationship between calligraphy and “aesthetic education”? How to carry out calligraphy aesthetic education? …………………………………………………… (19) 22. What is the relationship between the study of calligraphy and history? What does "calligraphy history" include? ……………………………………………(20) 23. Why should we establish “International Calligraphy Communication Studies”? What are its main contents? ……………………………………………… (20) 24. What is “calligraphy psychology”? ………………………………(21) 25. Please talk about the relationship between calligraphy and physiology? …………………………………(22) 26. Please elaborate on the content and importance of “calligraphy folklore”………………(22) 27. What is the relationship between calligraphy and writing? What is the main task of "Calligraphy Philology"? ………………………………………… (23) 28. What is the significance of “textual research on inscriptions and inscriptions” on calligraphy? ………………… (23) 29. Why do calligraphers need to know something about the appraisal of inscriptions and inscriptions? What does it include? …………………………………………………… (24) 30. What is the significance and content of establishing “calligraphy tools”? …………(26) 31.What is “calligraphy talent”? ……………………………… (26) 32. What are the reasons for the emergence of “Calligraphy Talents” and what are its contents? …………(28) 33. What are the main internal laws for the growth of calligraphy talents? …………(28) 34. Please make “optimizing knowledge structure” more specific………………(29) 35. What are the external factors for the growth of calligraphy talents? ……………………(31) 36. Please talk about some issues related to calligraphy talent management…………(32) 37. What is a “ghost talent” in calligraphy? …………………………………… (33) 38. What are the conditions for talents in calligraphy theory? …………………………(33) 39. Is there “inspiration” in calligraphy creation? What is "inspiration"? ...(34) 40. Why should we pay attention to the research of calligraphy information? What methods are used to collect information? ……………………………………………… (
35) 41.What are the contents of “Calligraphy Futurology”? ………………… (36) 42. What are the important meanings of calligraphy appreciation? ………………………… (37) 43. Please talk about the characteristics of calligraphy appreciation…………………… (39) 44. Historically, the same work has often been evaluated very differently. Please talk about the reasons for this situation……………………………… (40) 45. What is the “spirit” of calligraphy works? …………………………(41) 46.What is the “charm” of calligraphy? …………………………(42) 47. How to understand the “artistic conception” in calligraphy? ……………………………… (43) 48. Please talk about the style of calligraphy……………………………… (44) 49. What is the “image” of calligraphy? ……………………………… (45) 50. What is the “style” of calligraphy? Please give an example……………………(46) 51.What is the “implication” of calligraphy? ……………………………… (48) 52. What is “book quality”? …………………………………… (48) 53. What is “character grid”? ………………………………………… (49) 54. What is “distance viewing” in calligraphy appreciation? ……………… (50) 55. Please explain “Yuanshi” again…………………… (51) 56. What is the “living ginseng” in calligraphy appreciation? ? ………………………(52) 57. What is the unique beauty of calligraphy? What are the reasons for it? …………(53) 58. Please talk about the “structural beauty” of calligraphy………………………………(55) 59. What is the relationship between calligraphy and literature? …………………………………(56) 60. Please talk about the relationship between calligraphy and music……………………(57) 61. Briefly describe the relationship between calligraphy and architecture… ……………………………… (58) 62. What is the intrinsic relationship between calligraphy and Chinese opera? ………………(58) 63. What enlightenment does dance have on calligraphy……………………(59) 64. How to understand the “original origin of calligraphy and painting”? What is the relationship between calligraphy and painting? …………………………………………………… (60) 65. What is the influence of Confucianism on calligraphy? ……………… (61) 66. What is the influence of Lao and Zhuang’s thoughts on calligraphy? ………………(62) 67. Please explain the expression of “thinking white is black” in calligraphy………………(64) 68.
3. What is calligraphy? Please answer my question
Calligraphy is one of the traditional Chinese arts.
It is an art of writing Chinese characters with a brush to express the author's spiritual beauty. Its basic requirements are: first, use a soft brush, and second, write Chinese characters with rich images.
Therefore, it has two meanings: one refers to the rules of calligraphy writing, which mainly includes methods such as holding the pen, using the pen, dots and strokes, structure, distribution, etc.; the other refers to the art of expressing the author's spiritual beauty by writing Chinese characters. It uses exquisite techniques and vivid shapes to express the author's personality, taste, education, temperament and other spiritual factors. It focuses on "inner painting".
The fusion of the two forms the art of Chinese calligraphy. Therefore, in terms of the elements of calligraphy, it includes three aspects: first, brushwork, which requires skillful use of the brush, as well as correct fingering, wrist, body, brushwork, ink and other skills; secondly, brush gestures .
It is required to properly organize the connection and response between dots and dots, between words and words, and between lines; the third is the meaning of brushwork. It is required to show the writer's temperament, taste, academic quality and character in the writing process.
In terms of calligraphy and style, it is even more diverse and beautiful. my country's calligraphy art has a history of more than 3,000 years. The reason why it has become an art is mainly due to the Chinese people's ability to elevate practical things into beautiful art. It is also closely related to China's unique characters and brushes.
The characters are conceived with images and the images are vertical, which embodies the soul of the art of calligraphy. The square shape, which is brilliant in its purpose and quality, also constitutes the formal basis of the art of calligraphy.
His tools, "but if the brush is soft, it will be strange and raw", can produce the charm of round and round hidden exposure, reverse and backward, the taste of light and heavy, fat and thin, thick and light, wet and astringent, as well as the rhythm of ups and downs, gathering and spacing.
The continuous, strong and majestic momentum; supplemented by specially produced paper and ink, make the art of calligraphy even more unpredictable. Endless charm.
Calligraphy has not only become a national art that expresses the highest artistic conception and sentiment, but also ranks first among all arts. Calligraphy in China is not only a common practice throughout the world, but has also gone abroad and become a medium for spreading friendship. It is very influential in the Eastern world and has also attracted much attention from the Western world.
4. Calligraphy knowledge and answers, including fill-in-the-blank questions and answers
1. Whose work is "the best running script in the world"? (Wang Xizhi; "Preface to Orchid Pavilion") 2. We often say that the "Four Treasures of the Study" are pens, inks, paper and inkstones. What is the representative place of origin of the "Four Treasures"? (Hubi, Huimo, rice paper, Duan inkstone) 3. Who are the "Four Masters of Regular Script" in the history of calligraphy? (Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun, Zhao Mengfu) 4. Which calligraphers are the "two kings" in the history of calligraphy? (Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi) 5. "Manuscripts for Nephew Sacrifice" is known as "The Second Running Script in the World". Who is its author? (Yan Zhenqing) 6. Oracle bone inscriptions are known as "the earliest writing and the latest calligraphy". Who was its discoverer? (Qing Dynasty/Wang Yirong) 7. The first collection of poetry in the history of Chinese literature? ("Book of Songs") 8. Which of the following famous calligraphy does not belong to the "Three Xi" in Qianlong's "Three Xi Hall" (D) A "Quick Snow and Shiqing Tie" B "Mid-Autumn Tie" C "Boyuan Tie" D " "Yatou Wan Tie" 9. Judgment: Cursive script is a style of writing that appears after running script develops to a certain stage.
(Wrong) 10. Which four calligraphers are referred to as the “Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty” in the history of calligraphy? (Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang) 11. Which calligrapher is the “Cao Sage” in the history of calligraphy? (Tang/Zhang Xu) 12. Which of the following calligraphers is not a monk? CA Huaisu B Zhiyong C Jinnong D Huairen 13. Which of the following calligraphers has no political stain? AA Cai Xiang B Zhao Meng C Zhang Ruitu D Wang Duo 14. Kang Youwei is a famous politician in modern my country and a great calligrapher. He once vigorously promoted the art of Wei stele calligraphy and set off the peak of Wei stele calligraphy creation in the history of calligraphy. Our question is: which of the following font sizes is Kang Youwei's nickname?
BA Qingzhu B Nanhai C Shi'an D Xiangguang 15. "Silkworm head and wild goose tail" is a characteristic of which calligraphy style? BA seal script B official script C regular script D running script 16. In which dynasty were the oracle bone inscriptions discovered? (Qing Dynasty) Where was it first discovered? (Anyang, Henan) 17. In calligraphy, a couplet is often mentioned, "The calligraphy has Zhong Zhang as its ancestor, and the literature has been promoted to the Qin and Han Dynasties." Which two calligraphers are the "Zhong Zhang" mentioned in it? (Zhong Yao, Zhang Zhi) 18. Which of the following ancient calligraphers is not famous for writing seal script? DA Li Si B Li Yangbing C Wu Changshuo D Xue Ji 19. What kind of representative work is the famous inscription "Zhang Qian Stele"? (official script) 20. Please name the author of "Shuowen Jiezi" and his dynasty? (Eastern Han Dynasty/Xu Shen) 21. Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, was also a great calligrapher. One of his running script works is known as "the third running script in the world". What is this work? ("Huangzhou Cold Food Post") 22. In the history of calligraphy, there is a theory of "Dian Zhang Zuisu". Which two calligraphers do "Zhang and Su" refer to? (Zhang Xu, Huaisu) 23. Which emperor of the Song Dynasty created the world-famous "Slim Gold Body"? Please tell me his temple number and name? (Song Huizong/Zhao Ji) 24. “Those who are like me will die, and those who are against me will live.” Which modern Chinese artist’s famous saying? CA Pan Tianshou B Qi Gong C Qi Baishi D Li Keran.
5. Calligraphy theoretical knowledge test questions with answers, thank you, I will give extra points for good answers
What is "power through paper backing"?
The "force" in calligraphy and painting is an expression of the stippling, line quality, and the author's inner spirit, which is relatively abstract. From the specific point of view of the brush strokes, if the strokes can be done center-forward, that is, the brush hairs are evenly spread out and the center of the brush is walking in the strokes. The strength of the arm can be cut into the paper through the soft tip of the pen. This is called "power penetrating the back of the paper". If the bristles are twisted or twisted when writing, the bristles are not adjusted properly and spread evenly, and the bristles will sweep across the paper like paint. Such strokes are "smeared" like an ink pig, so there is no way to talk about the power of the strokes. The strength of the strokes has nothing to do with the thickness and length of the lines. The key lies in the author's ability to adjust and control the brush and use the center stroke.
From Chu Suiliang's "Preface to the Sacred Teaching of the Wild Goose Pagoda", we can see that there are many small strokes, although they are as thin as a hairspring, they are as powerful as a stone. From Yan Zhenqing's "Yan Family Temple Stele", you can feel that the brush is dignified, and the strokes are like iron hooks and silver paintings. These are all exemplary works that penetrate the paper backing.
What is transfer?
"Naoyang" means that the stipples that make up the characters give way to each other and echo each other, so that characters with many strokes do not appear dense and characters with few strokes do not appear sparse, such as "horse" The characters beside and "bird" should be written straight on the left side to make way for the half character on the right; other characters with left and right radicals should be written in the same way.
What are the requirements for racking?
The frame of the characters requires appropriate size, length, width, and slant.
What are the basic rules for learning calligraphy?
To learn calligraphy, you must master the four basic rules of writing, handling, using and structure.
Why can’t you use your finger to write?
If you use your fingers to move the pen barrel, the pen barrel cannot stay upright. The range of movement of the pen barrel is also very small. You can barely handle it when writing small characters. Words cannot function. Moreover, if you use your fingers to move the pen, the pen will not be steady and the words written will be empty and weak.
The ancients wrote about "dragon eyes" and "phoenix eyes". How to enforce the law?
The so-called "dragon eyes" and "phoenix eyes" are just some mythical statements, which are actually the most unethical ones. "Dragon Eye" law enforcement is to hold the front of the pen barrel with only the tip of the index finger and middle finger in an arc, push the first joint of the ring finger inside the pen barrel, and pinch the flesh of the right thumb on the left side of the pen barrel to form a tiger's mouth. Round shape, using this method of enforcement with twisted wrists is both difficult and impractical. As for the "phoenix eye" law enforcement, it is even worse. The index finger is hooked high, the thumb is in the middle, the middle finger is below, and the three fingers are distributed into upper, middle and lower sections. In this way, the ring finger and little finger are naturally pinched in the palm, and the tiger's mouth is long and narrow, like a tiger's mouth. Phoenix eyes, if the palm of the hand is pinched tightly, the pen tip will not move smoothly, so the person who writes the pen must pay attention to correct it. In addition, some books also have terms such as "pinch the tube" and "lift the tube", which are also impractical.
What are the advantages of "Quick Snow and Clear Post"?
The paper version of Wang Xizhi's running script "Quick Snow and Clear Tie" is now in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
"Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" is the only exquisite authentic calligraphy work of the "Sage of Calligraphy" Wang Xizhi in existence today. 23cm long; 14.8cm wide, with four lines of running script and twenty-eight characters. "Tie to Clear Snow and Clear Snow" is a letter in which the author writes about his happy mood and greetings to his relatives when the snow clears at the beginning. This post begins with the four-character cursive "Xi Zhi Dun Shou" and ends with "Shan Yin Zhang Hou" in regular script. The writing style of this post is graceful and elegant, round and graceful, and may be regular or regular, flowing and stopping, or stopping and flowing. No stroke is taken lightly, and no word fails to express the fluency and beauty of the intention.
Many people believe that "Kuai Xue Shi Qing Tie" is another masterpiece of running script second only to his "Lanting Preface", which is "the best running script in the world". Zhao Meng
6. What issues should be paid attention to when practicing hard-tipped calligraphy
The main purpose of practicing hard-tipped calligraphy is to master the writing method. For many people who cannot write well, it is mainly because It is caused by bad writing habits, and these habits are often formed over many years, so these bad habits are difficult to get rid of. However, if you get rid of these bad habits, you can practice hard-pen calligraphy well. The methods of practicing hard-pen calligraphy include pronunciation and description. When practicing and copying, you should apply what you have learned and apply the skills and methods you usually practice in your own writing.
Choosing the right copybook is also key in daily practice. A bad copybook will lead you into bad habits and may lead you astray. When choosing a copybook for hard-pen calligraphy, standardization should be the main criterion. , and you should read the posts frequently during the copying process, so that you can pick them up at your fingertips at ordinary times, without having to find other things to copy. When practicing hard-pen calligraphy, you should pay attention to the beauty of writing. You should have a correct attitude when practicing and learn to enjoy the process of writing during practice. Hard-pen calligraphy is mainly based on cursive script. Part of the cursive script written together will look more beautiful. Hard-pen calligraphy is used in daily life and work. Standardized hard-pen calligraphy is easier to recognize when writing. Therefore, hard-pen calligraphy has a great impact on our lives. We must practice it seriously, which will be beneficial to our work and study. All of great help.
7. Little knowledge about calligraphy
Regular script is transformed from the "eight-point" style of official script. Except for the silkworm head, swallowtail and twists and turns in the "eight-point" style, it is absolutely focused on In "straight and square".
You should be meticulous when writing, without any omissions or sloppiness. This type of font is called regular script.
Regular script is also known as "zhengkai" and "zhenshu". In terms of strokes, regular script is not as colorful as official script, but it is elegant, powerful, concise and correct. It is even better than official script in terms of peace and expressiveness.
Through the efforts of great calligraphers of the past dynasties, many different styles of regular script have been passed down to later generations. Running script is somewhere between regular script and cursive script. It is written casually without regular script or cursive script. It is neither as formal as regular script nor as unrestrained as cursive script.
Just like the explanation of the word "行", it is neither walking slowly in square steps nor running fast, but starting casually and walking at will. Therefore, it is most appropriate for the ancients to call this font "running script".
The style of cursive script is almost composed of words connected with one stroke throughout the text. Although there are occasional discontinuities between words, the meaning of the brushwork runs through the upper and lower strokes, echoing each other from beginning to end, and the blood is connected. There is a kind of momentum of flying pen and ink, dragons, dragons and leopards, all in one go.
I have been learning calligraphy for more than 50 years since I was six years old. However, I am more interested in cursive script, which I believe is the highest level of calligraphy. In the process of writing, the standing position of each character seems to be full of dangers, but the beauty is that it can be held firmly in the danger, so that the character shape does not appear to be skewed or soft, but has the ability to move exquisitely and can be read and copied. Pay attention to the following: coordination, symmetry, accommodation, size, width, slant and straightness.
What is "reading" posts? "Reading" posts means reading more and dealing with the words in the posts. This can help memorize the characteristics of the words in the posts, deepen the impression, and avoid rebirth. What is copying? "Copying" is a common mistake in the process of practicing calligraphy, that is, although you are facing the calligraphy, you only copy the words, regardless of the frame and stippling, and make your own decisions and do it arbitrarily.
This kind of problem is the most serious and must be avoided. What is "backing"? "Backing" means to put away the post and write it down from memory.
There are generally two methods of "writing on the back": one is to write all the words on the post, that is, after they are cooked, write them down silently from beginning to end; Just write down as many words as you want. Both of these methods can be used, and can be used in combination, with partial dictation first and then all dictation.
After dictation is completed, compare it with the original post. If you find that some stipples or frames are different from the post, you need to correct and rewrite. What is Duolin? "Duolin", simply put, means writing against the post.
It can also be divided into two steps, first "grid writing", and then remove the grid writing. The method of "Ge Lin" is: take a mica sheet or a thin glass sheet or washed waste film, draw a nine-square grid or a rice-character grid according to the size of the calligraphy, and then print the pattern on an exercise book printed with the nine-square grid or rice-character grid. When writing, see clearly which part of the calligraphy is in which part, and write in that part according to it.
After doing this several times, remove the grid and write directly on the post. When writing, it is best to put the post on a special post stand in front of the table and write facing it.
If you don’t have a post rack, you can use a few stacked books instead, or use other things instead. What is symmetry? "Proportion" refers to the appropriate arrangement of each word and stroke according to the shape of the glyph, rather than "evenness".
Because the fonts have different lengths and sizes, the number of strokes, and the slant are different. For example, if each character is written in the same size according to the square grid, and each stroke is written with the same length, uniformity means uniformity. Yes, but it doesn’t look pleasing to the eye. Generally speaking, if there are many strokes, it should be written thinner; if there are few strokes, it should be written fatter; in each word, the arrangement of stipples should be of appropriate length.
What is "Naoyang"? "Naoyang" means that the stipples that make up the characters give way to each other and echo each other, so that characters with more strokes do not appear dense and characters with few strokes do not appear sparse, such as The characters next to "horse" and "bird" should be written straight on the left side to make way for the half character on the right; other characters with left and right radicals should be written in the same way. What is size? The characters with large fonts should be written larger, and the fonts with small shapes should be written smaller. The characters with many strokes should be written larger, and the characters with few strokes should be written smaller. This is called appropriate size.
For example, the characters "日" and "国" are very different in size, so they cannot be written in the same size; the characters "一" and "二" have fewer strokes, and they cannot be written in the same size as "Yi" and "Luke". The words "many" are the same size. What is width and narrowness? "Width and narrowness" refers to making appropriate arrangements according to the fatness and thinness of the font itself.
Characters with more strokes should be written thinner, characters with fewer strokes should be written fatter; characters with a left-right structure should be written fatter, and characters with a top-down structure should be written thinner, so that they are appropriately wide and narrow. What is oblique orthography? "Xiaozheng" refers to making different arrangements according to the oblique orthography of the glyphs. For example, the character "Peng" is oblique and the character "party" is orthogonal. When writing, you cannot forcefully twist the oblique ones into oblique ones and write the oblique ones backwards. If it is slanted, it should also be slanted appropriately.
What is "Pingzheng", which is what we often call "horizontal, horizontal and vertical", which is a basic principle of pointillism structure. But it should be noted that the "flat" in "horizontal and vertical" is not ordinary flat, but flat with an oblique potential.
Because human eyesight is not balanced, the horizontal painting is really flat. Due to the illusion of the eyes, it looks like it has fallen to the right. Therefore, horizontal drawings must be slightly slanted, but not too slanted.
The approximate horizontal slope should be about 5°-7°. If it exceeds this angle, it is too slanted; if it is less than this angle, it is too flat, which is not good-looking.
The so-called verticality means that every straight painting, regardless of the middle, left and right, top and bottom, must be painted very straight, and must not be skewed or tilted (but the left straight of "door", "亻", "彳", etc. Exceptions for straight paintings). #Editor's Notes# Well, I don't know much. You can ask Du Niang to check for more complete information.
(If you think it’s too much, just read the first few sentences when you read *more carefully*).