"The most beautiful thing is the fragrance of books that can reach far, and the spirit of poetry and calligraphy in the belly is self-sufficient." Adapted from Su Shi's "Farewell to Dong Chuan", the original poem is as follows: ? Farewell to Dong Chuan
? (Song Dynasty) ? Su Shi
My career is wrapped in thick silk cloth, with poems in my belly The bookishness comes from China.
I am tired of cooking gourd leaves with the old Confucian, and force me to step on the locust flowers with my son.
I have nothing to do but look for a young horse, and my eyes wander around looking at the car for choosing a son-in-law.
Proudness is worthy of praise of the secular world, and the edicts of Huang Xinshi are like crows.
Translation:
Although the body is wrapped in coarse clothes and poor cloth in life, the intellectual temperament in the chest is naturally dazzling.
I didn’t like to accompany the old scholars and talk about the hard days of "cooking gourd leaves", so I decided to take the imperial examination with the examiners.
Although you can’t ride a horse to see the flowers like Meng Jiao, you can have the opportunity to be surrounded by the “selection car” and dazzle yourself.
You can still boast to the secular people if you pass the imperial examination. Your name is newly written in black letters like crows on the edict.
Notes:
⑴Dong Chuan: Zi Zhihe, a native of Luoyang (now part of Henan), once made friends with Su Shi in Fengxiang, and the two had a deep relationship.
⑵ rough silk fabric (zēng): rough silk fabric. Dabu: In ancient times, it refers to coarse cloth made of linen. "Zuo Zhuan, the Second Year of Min Gong": "Wei Wengong's big cloth clothes are the crown of big silk." Du Yu's note: "big cloth, coarse cloth." Bao: This refers to experience. Career: the circumstances and processes of life. The language version of "Zhuangzi: The Master of Health Preservation": "My life has a limit, but my knowledge has no limit."
⑶ Poems and books: originally refers to the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu", and generally refers to books. This refers to talent and knowledge. Qi: Refers to a person’s external mental complexion. Hua: This refers to the elegant temperament of a person.
⑷Laoru Confucian: The name given to old students. Hu (hù) leaves: The leaves of the gourd can be used as vegetables. According to records, Liu Kun in the Eastern Han Dynasty had more than 500 students. He held sacrifices twice a year in spring and autumn. He often prepared various rituals and used leaves from wooden gourds as sacrifices. Hu, the general name for gourd, winter melon, etc.
⑸Qiang: reluctantly. Juzi: Refers to scholars who are recommended to take the exam. Stepping on Sophora japonica flowers: In the old days, exams were held in autumn. In summer, when the Sophora japonica flowers were yellow, people were busy studying for exams, so there was a proverb: "When Sophora japonica flowers are yellow, people are busy raising their children".
⑹ There is nothing to do if the money is empty: The quote comes from the "Southern History? The Biography of Yu Wan": "Wan it as a Shaofu, just like making a mat with clogs. Emperor Gao took the clogs and looked at them personally, and the black and slanted ones were sharp. Zan cut it off and picked it up. He asked, "How long have you been wearing this clog?" Wanzhi said, "It has been thirty years since Shi Brown went to the north to conquer it, but the poor man has not been able to do it easily." Empty purse, empty pocket, metaphor for having no money. Spring-seeking horses: In the Tang Dynasty, new scholars had a custom of wearing hairpins with flowers and riding horses for spring outings. Tang Mengjiao's "After Enrollment" wrote about this matter: "The spring breeze is so exciting that the horse's hoof is sick, and I can see all the flowers in Chang'an in one day."
⑺ Cars for choosing a son-in-law: It was a custom in the Tang Dynasty for the imperial examinations. On the day when the examination results were released, new candidates would have a banquet in Qujiang. The families of the noble families often decorated the carriages and horses to select their son-in-law. This sentence implies that Dong Chuan has not yet married a wife.
⑻Deyi: It means "deyi in the spring breeze", which means winning the yellow list.
⑼ Zhao Huang: Imperial edict. Because the edict was written on jute paper, it was so called. Words are like crows: often refers to scribbling or poor calligraphy, here it refers to the black characters written on the edict. The words come from Tang Lutong's "Showing the Addendum" "Suddenly he turned over the ink on the case and smeared the poems and books like an old crow." Appreciation:
This poem praises Dong Chuan's ambition and wishes him success in the imperial examination. The whole poem uses allusions skillfully and implicitly. Among them, the sentence "The spirit of poetry and calligraphy comes from China" is widely recited and is popular among people.
"My life is wrapped in a rough cloth, and there is poetry and calligraphy in my belly." At the beginning of the poem, a famous line that has been passed down through the ages is recited, which classically explains the relationship between reading and personal cultivation. "Big and coarse cloth" shows that Dong Chuan's family is poor and cannot afford the silk and satin that ordinary scholars wear. At the same time, it also shows that Dong Chuan is not a vain person. The poet described Dong Chuan in this way, not to ridicule his poverty, but to sincerely praise Dong Chuan's character that he would rather eat poorly and wear poor clothes, but also read good books and strive to make progress. "Xiang Lili" vividly describes Dong Chuan's poverty.
In particular, the word "bundle" is extremely expressive and picturesque, vividly portraying the image of a man from a poor family who still loves to read even though he has no clothes or enough food to eat. "There are poems and books in the belly". The poet loves reading and naturally has a deep understanding of the use of reading. Therefore, these four words are intended to explain where a person's elegant temperament comes from. "Qi Zihua", it turns out that the role of reading is not only to possess knowledge, but also to enhance people's spiritual realm; reading can help people escape from low-level tastes and develop an elegant, refined and gorgeous temperament. "Qi", that is, "temperament", is a person's mental outlook and elegant behavior expressed from the inside out. "Hua" is a kind of temperament that can only be cultivated by oneself. It is a kind of high-responsibility and gorgeous appearance that cannot be copied or imitated by others. It is a kind of temperament that makes others feel that you are not a person when they see you. An ordinary person, but a person worthy of respect; this is a noble temperament exuding from the bones. This temperament has nothing to do with money and power. It is completely refined by the knowledge you have. An air of elegance. "Zi" is the focus of the whole sentence. It emphasizes that the gorgeous temperament comes from self-cultivation and is the inevitable result of reading poetry and books. It organically connects "poems and books in the belly" and "qihua" together. , making the two causally related to each other, and at the same time, progress clarified a simple truth: no matter how poor a person is, as long as he studies hard and studies diligently, he will eventually become energetic and extraordinary
"I hate accompanying old Confucians to cook gourd leaves, but force me to step on locust trees with my sons." Praising Dong Chuan's quality of living in poverty but pursuing progress shows that Dong Chuan is a man with lofty ambitions. "Weary of company" corresponds to "strong follower", "Lao Ru" corresponds to "Ji Zi", "cooking gourd leaves" corresponds to "stepping on locust tree". Through this pairwise comparison, we can explain Dong Spread a sunny mentality with a positive attitude. At the same time, "cooking gourd leaves" borrows allusions from "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Gourd Leaves" to more vividly depict Dong Chuan's desire for new knowledge.
"If you have nothing to do, you are looking for a young horse, and you are looking for a son-in-law." Although he uses humorous and sincere language to comfort his friend Dong Chuan, poverty will not affect your high school ranking. , as long as you can pass the imperial examination, you don't have to ride a high horse, you will still be favored by girls from powerful families. "Hunting for Spring Horses" is an allusion to Meng Jiao's "After Enrollment", which shows that once a person is admitted, even if he has no money to buy a horse, like Meng Jiao who "sees all the flowers in Chang'an in one day", he will be easily attracted by people. Discovery once again emphasizes the importance of reading for a child from a poor family. The "carriage for choosing a son-in-law" is borrowed from Wang Dingbao's "Miscellaneous Notes on Visits to Ci'en Temple, Inscriptions, Rewards, Odes and Odes of the Tang Dynasty" recorded by Wang Dingbao. On the day when the list of Jinshi scholars in the Tang Dynasty was released, all those in the Gongqing's family who had daughters to be married came out in full force, and the whole city watched and chose. A good son-in-law encouraged Dong Chuan to be proactive, and also described a social state at that time. People generally recognized scholars highly, the whole society attached great importance to the "imperial examination", and people's evaluation standard for scholars was "Jinshi" and ". "Looking with confused eyes", although somewhat ridiculing, truly reflects the social reality that "books have their own beauty, and books have their own houses of gold".
"Proud is enough to praise the secular world, and the imperial edicts are like crows." I continue to encourage and wish Dong Chuan to be able to hold the title in gold, so that those secular people who thought his family was poor and looked down upon him can see it. He looked proud. The last two sentences seem to be slightly contradictory to the beginning of "I am full of poetry and calligraphy." In fact, whether it is for a country or nation, or for an individual, "poverty" is always a constraint on its development. The "tightening curse". Therefore, the poet did not detach himself from vulgarity and criticized the social phenomenon at that time.
The language of the whole poem is both simple and a little humorous; the dialogue is neat, but it also pays great attention to the use of allusions; moreover, the use of allusions is so skillful and wonderful that it can be called a master among masters; the meaning is implicit but profound Describes the reality of society. This shows that the poet has rich experience in social life and is good at integrating phenomena in life into poetry creation. This is in line with the profound truth of the saying "art comes from life, but is higher than life".
About the author:
Su Shi, (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as Tieguan Taoist and Dongpo layman. Su Dongpo, also known as Su Xian, is a Han nationality from Meishan, Meizhou (Meishan City, Sichuan Province). His ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei Province. He is a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a famous figure in water control in history. Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty and made great achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, and painting. His writing is bold and unbridled; his poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and unique in style. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is called "Su Huang"; His prose writings are grand and bold. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called "Ou Su" and is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi was good at calligraphy and one of the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty"; he was good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange rocks, dead wood, etc. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are known as the "Four Great Masters of Eternal Writing". His works include "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yi Zhuan", "Dongpo Yuefu", "Xiaoxiang Bamboo and Stone Picture Scroll", "Old Trees and Strange Stones Picture Scroll", etc.