Liu Gongquan (778 AD - 865 AD), courtesy name Chengxuan, was a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty and one of the four masters of regular script.
Han nationality, native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province).
From an official to the prince's young master, he is known as "Liu Shaoshi" in the world.
Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is famous for his regular script. He is as famous as Yan Zhenqing and is known as Yan Liu.
He first learned calligraphy from Wang Xizhi. Later, he looked at the calligraphy of famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty and thought that Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Xun's calligraphy was the best, so he absorbed Yan's and Ou's strengths and became famous in Jin Dynasty. Between Jin Mei and Yan Shu's grace and majesty, they formed their own willow body. They are famous for their strong bones and are known as "Yan Jin Liu Gu" in later generations.
Liu Gongquan was a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.
Once, when he went to the capital for business, the then emperor Tang Muzong said: "I have seen your calligraphy in the Buddhist temple and have wanted to see you for a long time.
" In order to In recognition of Liu Gongquan, the emperor promoted him to an official, and then asked Liu Gongquan how to use the pen. He replied: "Only when you have an upright heart can you hold the pen correctly, and then it can be called calligraphy."
"Tang Muzong immediately changed His face turned pale, thinking that Liu Gongquan was using his pen skills to give him advice.
Chinese name
Liu Gongquan
Alias
Chengxuan
Nationality
China
Ethnicity
Han
Birthplace
Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province)
< p> Date of birth778 AD
Date of death
865 AD
Occupation
Calligrapher
Main Achievements
The First Willow Style
Representative Works
"Diamond Sutra Stele", "Mysterious Tower Stele" and "Shence Military Discipline" Monument of Holy Virtue"
Time
Mid-Tang Dynasty
Table of Contents
1 Biography of Characters
2 Representative Works< /p>
3 Anecdotes and Allusions
? Avoid arrogance and become famous
? There are people outside the world
? Keep your heart upright
4 Social influence
? Famous reputation
? Role model for EMI
? Comments from celebrities
5 Commemoration for future generations
1 Personal Life Editing
Portraits of Liu Gongquan (5 photos)
In the thirteenth year of the Dali calendar of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 778), Liu Gongquan was born in Huayuan, Jingzhao (now Yaozhou, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province) District) people, the word Chengxuan.
His grandfather Liu Zhengli served as a scholar in Pizhou in the Tang Dynasty and joined the army. His father Liu Ziwen served as the governor of Danzhou, and his brother was Liu Gongchuo, a famous official in the Tang Dynasty.
Liu Gongquan liked to study since he was a child, and he could write poems and poems at the age of twelve.
[1]
In the third year of Yuanhe (808 AD) of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, he became a Jinshi, and his first official position was Secretary Provincial School Secretary.
Li Ting guarded Xiazhou and appointed him as the official in charge of secretary.
When Muzong of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, Liu Gongquan went to Beijing to report political affairs. Muzong summoned him and said to him: "I saw your handwriting in the Buddhist temple and I have wanted to meet you for a long time.
" He was promoted to Youshiyi to supplement the position of Hanlin bachelor, and later he was promoted to Youbuque and Sifengyuanwailang.
Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty was dissolute and eccentric in his administration. He once asked Liu Gongquan how to use the pen to perfection. Liu Gongquan replied: "The method of using the pen all depends on the intention. If the heart is right, the pen will naturally be perfect.
< p> "The emperor looked ashamed, knowing that he was using penmanship to exhort.Liu Gongquan served in the palace during the three dynasties of Mu Zong, Jing Zong and Wenzong, and served as a clerk in the palace.
His elder brother Liu Gongchuo, who was serving in Taiyuan, wrote to Prime Minister Li Zongmin: "My brother has painstakingly studied calligraphy.
Portrait of Liu Gongquan
, first The imperial court only appointed him as a clerk. This position is no different from that of a divination clerk. I am also ashamed of it. Please give him an idle position.
"So he was promoted to the position of doctor of Yousi, and then transferred to the title of doctor of Si Feng, doctor of the Ministry of War, and bachelor of Hongwenguan.
Emperor Wenzong missed him, so he called him as a servant and was promoted to a doctor of admonishment. .
Soon he was changed to Zhongshu Sheren and served as a bachelor of imperial edicts.
Every time he answered Wenzong's questions in the bathhouse, the candles were often burned out and the conversation was in full swing. , refused to take the time to get candles, so the maids in the palace used wax oil and paper to light them.
[1]
He once followed Wenzong to play in the garden of Weiyang Palace. He stopped the car and said to Liu Gongquan: "There is something that makes me happy.
In the past, the clothing given to border soldiers was often not distributed in time, but now the spring clothing is distributed in February.
"Liu Gongquan stepped forward to congratulate me. Wenzong said: "Just congratulations cannot express your feelings clearly. You should write a poem to congratulate me.
"The palace servants urged him to read it to the emperor personally, and Liu Gongquan responded and said: "Although there was no battle last year, we have not returned home this year.
How can I repay the emperor's kindness? I get spring clothes in spring.
"Wenzong was very happy after hearing this and admired it for a long time.
[1]
Once Wenzong summoned six bachelors in the side hall, Wenzong said Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was so frugal that he raised his sleeves and said: "This dress has been washed three times."
"The scholars all praised Wenzong's thrifty virtues. Only Liu Gongquan remained silent. Wenzong left him alone and asked him why he didn't speak. Liu Gongquan replied: "The monarch's duty is to recruit virtuous people. Talented people should oust those dishonest and sycophantic ministers, listen to good advice and admonitions, and clearly distinguish rewards and punishments.
As for wearing washed clothes, that is just a small detail and insignificant.
"Zhou Chi was also present at the time. After hearing his remarks, he was trembling with fear, but Liu Gongquan was confident.
Wenzong said to him: "I know you are a sacrificial person. The official should not be demoted to the position of admonishment, but because you have the demeanor of an admonishment minister, I will make you an admonition official.
"The decree was issued the next day, appointing him as an admonishing official and knowledgeable in making imperial edicts, and his bachelor's title remained.
In the third year of Kaicheng's reign, he was transferred to the position of Minister of the Ministry of Industry, but he was just a preparation officer. Just a member.
Wenzong once called him to ask about something and said to him: "What's the discussion outside? Liu Gongquan replied: "Since Guo Riwen was appointed as the governor of Yingning, people have been talking about it, some saying it is good and some saying it is not good.
"Wenzong said: "Guo Riwen is the nephew of Shang's father Guo Ziyi and the uncle of the Empress Dowager. He has no fault in office.
After being promoted from General Jinwu to the small military governor of Xingning, what else is there to talk about? " Liu Gongquan said: "Based on Guo Riwen's merits and moral character, it is appropriate to appoint him as the Jiedushi.
The reason why people are talking about it is that Guo Riwen was said to have given his two daughters to the palace and was promoted. Is this true? Wenzong said: "His two daughters came to the palace to visit the Queen Mother, not that he presented his daughters."
"Liu Gongquan said: "As the saying goes, melon fields
Liu Gongquan's works
If you don't pick up your shoes, you won't dress your head. If there is no suspicion, why is this matter so loud? Is it known to every household? " He therefore cited the example of Wang Gui persuading Taizong to send Princess Lu Jiang out of the palace to illustrate the pros and cons. Wenzong immediately sent his envoy Zhang Rihua to return the two daughters to Guo Riwen's family.
Liu Gong Quan Zhongzhong made a mistake in his request. Most of them were like this.
Liu Gongquan was promoted many times and was promoted to bachelor in the Wenzong Dynasty.
Tang Wuzong removed his academic position and appointed him as Yousanqi.
Prime Minister Cui Gong recommended him as a bachelor of Jixian Palace and a judge of the court.
Li Deyu originally liked Liu Gongquan, but he was very unhappy when he was recommended by Cui Gong. He was demoted to the title of Prince Zhan Shi and changed to the title of Prince Guest.
He was promoted to the official title of Jin Ziguanglu, the founding Duke of Shangzhu Kingdom and Hedong County, and he was granted the title of 2,000 households. He was also appointed as Zuo Changshi and Guozi Jijiu.
Li was promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Industry.
In the early years of Xiantong, he was appointed as Prince Shaofu and then Prince Shaoshi. He has been in the third- and second-grade official positions for thirty years.
After Xiantong passed away in the sixth year of his life, he was awarded the title of Grand Master to the Crown Prince. At the age of eighty-eight, Liu Gongquan initially studied Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy and extensively browsed the calligraphy of various modern calligraphers, forming his own vigorous and charming calligraphy style, which became his own style.
At that time, the families of public officials and ministers erected monuments for their ancestors. If they did not get the inscription written by Liu Gongquan himself, people would think it was an unfilial act.
When foreign envoys came to pay tribute, they specially sealed the currency, indicating that it was a special fund to purchase Liu Gongquan's books.
The "Diamond Sutra Stele" at Ximing Temple in Chang'an was written by Liu Gongquan, and also included Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun,
"Shence Army Stele"
The brushwork of Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Lu Dongzhi and others are his most proud works.
Wenzong composed poems with his bachelors in the summer. Wenzong's first couplet was: "Everyone suffers from the heat, but I love the long summer."
Liu Gongquan's continuation: "Xun Feng" Coming from the south, the palace was slightly cool.
"At that time, Ding, Yuan and other five scholars all joined together, but Wenzong only recited two lines of Liu Gongquan's poem, saying: "The words are clear and beautiful, and the poetic meaning is fully expressed. So much.
"So he ordered Liu Gongquan to inscribe on the wall of the palace, with each word having a radius of five inches. After reading it, Wenzong admired and said: "Zhong Yao and Wang Xizhi can't surpass it."[1 ]
In the early years of Xuanzong's reign, he was promoted to the rank of young master. Liu Gongquan went to the palace to thank him. Stretch out the paper for him.
One is written in ten characters in block letters, "Mrs. Wei passed down the writing technique to Wang Youjun"; the other is written in eleven characters in running script, "Master Yongzhen's true curo "The Thousand Character Essay" obtained the family method"; One piece contains eight characters in cursive script, "The predicate helps the person who is the most important person."
He was rewarded with brocade, bottles and plates and other silverware, and ordered him to write a thank you note himself, in regular script or running script. Xuanzong especially cherished his thank you note.
Liu Gongquan concentrated on the art of calligraphy and had no energy to manage the family
Liu Gongquan wrote the Li Sheng stele
For the affairs of the family, he wrote the inscription for the honorable minister Qi's family, and received a reward every year A large amount of money was given as gifts, most of which was stolen by the slaves Haiou, Long An and others who were in charge of the property.
He stored a basket of wine sets, cups, plates and other silverware. He found that the seal on the basket was intact, but the utensils were missing.
He interrogated the seagull, and the seagull said: "I don't know how to lose it.
" Liu Gongquan smiled slightly and said: "Maybe the silver cup grew wings and flew away.
"Stop saying anything.
The only things he valued were his pens and inkstones, calligraphy and paintings, and he locked them up himself.
He once evaluated the quality of inkstones. He believed that Qingzhou's stone inkstones were the best, as they could produce ink by light grinding; black stone inkstones were second.
[1]
He is particularly proficient in "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu", "Shang Shu", "Mao Shi", and "Zhuangzi", and each word has its own meaning. , often filling several pages.
He is familiar with music, but does not like to listen to performances. He often says: "This is because listening to music can easily make people arrogant.
"[1]
He died in the sixth year of Xiantong (865 AD) and was given to the prince and grand master at the age of eighty-eight.
2 represents the editor of the work
Serial number
Title of the work
Serial number
Title of the work
< p> Serial numberTitle of work
Serial number
Title of work
1
Diamond Sutra Engraved Stone [2 ]
2
Li Sheng Stele[3]
3
The Preface of Huiyuan Guan
4
Fengsu Monument
5
Fulin Monument
6
Mysterious Pagoda Monument
7
Shence Army Monument
8
Liu Miu Monument
9
Wei Gongxian Temple Stele
10
Gao Yuanyu Stele
11
Fu Donglin Temple Stele [4]
12 Original Taoist stele[5]
3 anecdotes and allusions editor
Become famous by guarding against arrogance
Liu Gongquan’s portrait and famous sayings[3]
Liu Gongquan’s little When I was young, my handwriting was very bad, and I was often scolded by my husband and father because of my crooked handwriting.
Xiao Gongquan is very strong, and he is determined to practice calligraphy well.
After more than a year of hard practice day and night, his handwriting has improved greatly. Compared with his friends of the same age as Liu Jiayuan, his handwriting has become the best in the village.
From then on, his big calligraphy was praised by his classmates and teachers. Even his stern father had a smile on his face. Xiao Gongquan felt very proud.
[6]
There is someone outside the house
Ink portrait of Liu Gongquan
One day, Liu Gongquan and a few friends were at the old village next to the village. A square table was set up under the mulberry tree and a "book meeting" was held. It was agreed that everyone would write a piece in regular script and watch each other's competition.
Gongquan quickly wrote an article.
At this time, an old man selling tofu bread put down his burden and came to rest under the mulberry tree.
He watched the children practice calligraphy with great interest. Liu Gongquan handed over what he had written and said, "Grandpa, do you think my writing is great?" The old man took it and took a look, and saw that it was good. It's "I can write about the Feifeng family, and I dare to praise it in front of others."
The old man felt that the child was too proud, frowned, and pondered for a while before saying: "I think this word is not well written. , Is it worth boasting in front of others?
This word is like a tofu brain in my burden. It is soft, boneless, and has no body. Is it worth boasting in front of others? " The friends all stopped their pens and listened carefully to the old man's comments. Seeing that the old man was making a mess of his handwriting, the young man said unconvinced: "People say my handwriting is good, but you say it's not good. If you have the ability, you Write a few words and let me see!"
The old man smiled brightly and said: "I don't dare to do it, I don't dare to do it! I am a rough man and I can't write well.
< p> But there are people who can write much better with their feet! If you don’t believe it, go to Huajing City and have a look! ”"Mysterious Tower Stele"
The next day, he got up at five o'clock, quietly left a note for his family, and went to Huajing City alone with a steamed bun bag on his back.
[6]
As soon as Liu Gongquan entered the Shou Gate of Huajing City, he saw a dark, thin, deformed old man with no arms, sitting on the ground with his bare feet, his left foot pressed down With the paper spread on the ground, he picked up a large pen with his right foot and wrote couplets with ease.
He writes like a god, and his handwriting is like a galloping horse, with dragons and phoenixes dancing, winning bursts of applause from the onlookers.
[6]
Little Gongquan felt extremely ashamed and thought to himself: Compared with the old man who writes and draws soup, I am really far behind.
He knelt down in front of the old grandfather with a plop and said: "I would like to become your master. My name is Liu Gongquan. Please accept me. I hope the master will tell me the secret of writing..."[6]
Liu Gongquan’s calligraphy (19 photos)
The young Gongquan begged again and again, and the old man said to Gongquan: "This is the secret of my writing.
I I have been writing with my feet since I was a child, and I have been practicing it for more than fifty years.
There is a large vat at home that can hold eight tons of water, and I have used up eight vats of water to practice calligraphy.
There is a waterlogged pond with an area of ??half an acre outside the wall of my house. I wash my inkstones in the pond after writing every day, and the water in the pond is black.
However, my calligraphy is perfect. It's still far away!" [6]
Liu Gongquan kept the old man's words firmly in his heart. From then on, Liu Gongquan worked hard to practice calligraphy, and his hands became thick with calluses. Layer after layer.
He learned the freshness and plumpness of facial expressions, the cheerfulness and smoothness of European style, the galloping and unrestrained style of calligraphy and painting, and the elegance and charm of palace style.
He often watched people skinning cattle and picking sheep, studying the skeleton structure, and got inspiration from it.
He also paid attention to observing the wild geese in the sky, the fish swimming in the water, the running elk, and the loose horses, and integrated all kinds of beautiful forms in nature into the art of calligraphy.
Liu Gongquan finally became a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty of China.
His characters have a rigorous structure, a balance of hardness and softness, and are clear and open. They are cherished by the calligraphy circle and are known as "the muscles of the face and the bones of the willows."
However, Liu Gongquan was still very dissatisfied with his handwriting until he was old.
In his later years, he lived in seclusion in the Stork Que Valley (now known as Liugou) in the south of Huajing City, specializing in calligraphy and practicing calligraphy diligently until his death at the age of 88.
[6]
Heart is upright
"Shencejun Monument"
Liu Gongquan is not only a famous calligrapher , who is also an upright and outspoken person.
One year, Emperor Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty saw the calligraphy written by Liu Gongquan in a temple. He liked it very much and wanted to meet him and talk about calligraphy together.
Coincidentally, not long after, Liu Gongquan came to the court from Xiazhou (now northern Shaanxi), where he was an official, to handle affairs.
When Tang Muzong heard that Liu Gongquan was coming, he asked him to come to see him and kept him in the court as Youshiyi (an official responsible for making suggestions to the emperor).
One day, Tang Muzong and Liu Gongquan were talking about calligraphy together. Tang Muzong asked Liu Gongquan for advice: "Your calligraphy is correct and strong, but I can't write that well. How can I use the pen to write well?" Have you finished writing?" After listening to Tang Mu Zong's question, Liu Gongquan thought to himself: I have long heard that the emperor eats, drinks and has fun all day long and ignores government affairs.
Why don’t I take this opportunity to persuade him?
So he said to Tang Mu Zong: "To write, you must first hold the pen correctly.
The key to using the pen lies in the heart. Only when the heart is correct can the pen be straight! This is the same as writing. National affairs are the same thing, you can't do it if you don't pay attention!"
After listening to Liu Gongquan's words, Tang Muzong knew that he was trying to persuade him by talking about penmanship, and couldn't help but blush.
[7]
4 Social Impact Editor
Famous and Reputed
Liu Gongquan’s Watercolor Paintings
Liu Gongquan was famous in the Tang Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty His reputation as a calligrapher is as high as that of anyone else in the world.
At that time, Liu Gongquan was not allowed to write the inscriptions on the family inscriptions of the ministers, and people regarded their descendants as unfilial.
Moreover, Liu Gongquan's reputation spread far and wide overseas, and when foreign barbarians paid tribute, they all signed cargo clerks, saying: "Here are the Liu books."
"The emperor's important use and the minister's praise, of course, Temporary trends can be changed, but this is not the main reason for Liu Gongquan's reputation.
Liu style has conquered the contemporary generation and won future generations by creating a new style of calligraphy. "One word is worth a hundred gold, and it is not a false statement."
Yang Ningshi was outstanding in the Five Dynasties, and inherited and carried forward much of the calligraphy of Yan and Liu in the Tang Dynasty.
Su Shi said: "With the death of Yan and Liu, the writing skills have declined.
In addition, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the chaos, the decline of characters, and the decline of literary talent have been wiped out.
Du Yang Gongning Shi, the handwriting is outstanding, with the wind of Erwang, Yan and Liu.
This can truly be called a hero of books, one who is not expected by the times.
"Shao's Records of Insights and Hearings" also says: "The beauty of Ningshi Ziyan and Liurui are two kings, and the regular script is exquisite."
"This is an outstanding calligrapher who studied Liu calligraphy after the Tang Dynasty and was able to come up with his own ideas.
Another example is the monk Yingzhi, whose common surname is Wang and is from Fujian. " "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty" said that he learned Liu's calligraphy and ranked first in Jiangzuo for his good calligraphy.
This shows that although the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were at war and calligraphy entered a low ebb, the legacy of the Tang Dynasty still existed and the learning was still there. The lineage of Yan Xueliang has not been broken.
The calligraphy of the Song Dynasty was revived, and it moved from the emphasis on method in the Tang Dynasty to a new realm of emphasis on meaning, creating its own style of calligraphy of the era.
There was a calligraphy style of the Song Dynasty. The generation highly respected Yan's calligraphy and Liu's calligraphy, and there were countless people who studied Liu's calligraphy.
Shi Manqing also learned from Liu's style, as Fan Zhongyan said in his tribute to Shi Manqing: " The pen that prolongs life is like the bones and muscles of the face.
Scattered in the world, the treasure is a sacred object.
"The four families of the Song Dynasty studied the Tang Dynasty and each had their own differences. For example, Cai Xiang studied Yan, Su Shi You studied Yan, Huang Tingjian studied Liu, and Mi Fu studied Chu.
In fact, the four Song families studied They have all experienced Yan and Liu's calligraphy halls, and they are self-aware and can skillfully incorporate them into their own calligraphy skills.
Cai Xiang (also known as Junmo) is good at Yan's calligraphy, but he is also good at Liu's calligraphy. He believes that "The Preface to the Yin Fu Jing" is "good at hiding his writing skills" and is the most refined of Liu's scripts.
Dong Qichang once said: "I have seen Liu Cheng's "The Book of Saving People" written in small regular script, which is so powerful and powerful. .
Cai Junmo's "Tea Record" is quite imitated.
"("Essays on Painting the Zen Room") Dong Nai is a person who has a deep understanding of Liu Shu's samadhi. This statement can give a glimpse of Cai Xue Liu.
Su Shi is also a close friend of Liu Shu and has studied it deeply. Comments
Although he does not regard Liu Shu as his face, he integrates the essence of Yun.
"The Valley Inscription" says: "Dongpo Taoist studied "Lanting" for a few days. The beauty of the calligraphy is like that of Xu Jihai. When he is drunk and dissolute, he forgets about his craftsmanship. The characters are as thin and strong as Liu Chengxuan.
"Huang Tingjian also learned from Liu, with a tight knot, which actually originated from Xue Yao and Liu Gongquan.
"Hanshi Poems and Postscripts" says, "To pay respects to a place where there is no Buddha", dare to
"This postscript combines the characteristics of Liu Shu and "The Crane Inscription". It incorporates one's own ideas, blends momentum and charm into one furnace, and expresses it vertically and horizontally, with a leisurely will." (Hou Jingchang "Collection of Calligraphy Studies").
Huang Tingjian studied Liu and learned deeply about it. Qian Yong said in "Chinese Calligraphy": "The valley learned from Liu Chengxuan, and the method of painting orchids and bamboos was straight forward.
"Although Mi Fu once criticized Liu Shu, he also praised "Liu Gongquan is like a Taoist priest in the mountains.
"("Book Review") The two seem to be contradictory, but they do exist in Liu Shu.
Mi Fu's own learning process was from Yan Zhenqing to Liu Gongquan, and from Liu Erou and Chu later studied Fa Tie and entered the realm of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Mi Fu said: "I first started learning Yan when I was seven or eight years old.
The characters are large and cannot be written in simplified form. When I saw Willow, I admired and tied the knot tightly, so I studied Liu's "Diamond Sutra".
" (Volume 8 of "Baojin Yingguang Collection") Later, he radically criticized Liu Shu as "ugly and evil letters", which can be said to have forgotten his ancestors.
Many monks in the Song Dynasty also learned from Liu
For example, interpreting Mengying's regular calligraphy is like Liu's. And also.
"His book "Records of the Confucius Temple" (the stone is preserved in the forest of steles in Xi'an) can be called Liu Shu's direct descendant.
Shi Zhengmeng wrote De Chengxuan Fa's "Graphite Engraved Flowers" ; Shi Mengzhen, who is good at Liu Shu ("Dynasty Fact Garden"); Shi Yinggong, Du Dumen's handwritten "Huayan Sutra", the exquisite and simple rhyme comes from Yan and Liu ("Shimen Wenzhen"); Siqi, the calligrapher Liu Gongquan, has a book called "Fangshengchi Stele" in Hangzhou ("Shu Shi Huiyao"), etc.
This may be related to Liu Gongquan's "King Kong". In the Song Dynasty, Liu style, like Yan style, entered thousands of households with the help of engraving and printing, and became a household name.
In the Song Dynasty, engraving was mostly used. European style brushwork
After the Southern Song Dynasty, both Yan style and Liu style were used.
The Fujian version at that time mostly used Liu script; while some Jiangxi scripts also used Liu script or Yan script; while the Shu script mostly used Yan script.
At that time, Yan style was more fashionable, and the calligraphy engravings of Ou and Liu were the most beautiful. It can be seen that Liu Shu was famous in the calligraphy circles of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Liu style was widely penetrated among the people.
[3]
Model for a hundred generations
Liu Gongquan’s imperial edict
The popularity of calligraphy declined temporarily in the Jin Dynasty. There is no shortage of people who learn from Liu.
The "Yizhou Puzhao Temple Stele" was engraved in the fourth year of Jin Huangtong (1144). It is a collection of Liu Gongquan's books and written by Zhong Ruwen. It has 24 lines and 62 characters in regular script.
The commentator may say: "Although it is composed of collections and embellishments, the characters are straight and straight, and the writing is majestic. It is like a proud work of public authority. "Sheng Stele" is a world apart between elegance and vulgarity. Those who learn Liu can enter from here, and the common people will not be scorned by Mi Fu.
"("Records on the Stele") Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty studied Zhong Yao in his middle age." "Two Kings", and later studied Li Yong and Su Lingzhi.
Although it does not use Liu as its face, it still uses its bones to build the Zhao body.
Liu Zonghai said: "From the side of Zi'angweng's pen and inkstone, we know that the lower part of the pen has tendons, willow bones, and silver hooks and iron paintings.
" ("Shu Lin Zao Jian" ") Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty was most knowledgeable about Liu Shu.
He once said: "Liu Shangshu tried his best to change the military law to the right, but he did not want to be similar to the "Han Tie". The so-called magic turned into rot, so he left his ears.
Mortals Studying calligraphy and attracting attention through posture can rarely explain this.
Yu Yu, Chu Yan and Ou were all like Shi Shi.
From now on, I will not abandon Liu's method and go to the right army.
"("Essays on Painting Zen Rooms") Dong learned all his life and was able to learn from Liu's books. He was inspired by the reform, so he was naturally vigilant in discussing willow.
Wang Duo, a famous calligrapher from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, learned Liu script. The main script of "Xianshan Garden Tie" has the essence of Liu script, and his later works such as "Shengci" and "Purple Congqi" "Shoes" is based on the relics of gods,
Landscape of Liu Gongquan's Tomb (15 photos)
Customized.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous scholars who studied Yan, and those who studied Yan can also be compared.
The famous calligraphers Liang Tongshu and Liang Shizheng both studied Liu.
"Jianzhi Shuizhai Ji" says: "(The same book) Gongshu used Yan and Liu in the early years, and rice in middle age. After seventy, he became more and more changed, and he just let nature happen.
"" A Brief Introduction to the First Business of the State": " (Shizheng) Liu Chengxuan studied at the beginning of Gongshu, followed by Canwen and Zhao, and later studied with Yan and Li.
"In addition, minister Zuo Zongtang. The running scripts are all produced by Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.
A lady like Wang Jian (wife of Hao Yixing) whose calligraphy is Ou and Liu.
Although Kang Youwei had derogatory remarks about Liu Shu, he advocated using Liu style in the imperial examinations, saying: "Liu Zhi's "Feng Su", "Wei Gong Xian Miao" and "Gao Yuanyu" are the most learnable.
This is a large scroll,
Liu Gongquan’s calligraphy works (4 photos)
It is refreshing, especially if you can write it. Unparalleled charm.
"Liu Ti's life cannot be imprisoned by "Guange", but there are many people who studied Liu due to the imperial examination.
In the new era, people are studying and learning Liu Shu with new eyes.
Liu style has become the most common calligraphy script for primary and secondary school students.
And calligraphers are refining and refining, using their essence and the soul of their books to rebuild a more glorious modern calligraphy edifice.
The culture of the Tang Dynasty was magnificent. Liu Gongquan, He Zhizhang, Wang Wei and others were all the top scorers in the imperial examinations at that time.
The culture is prosperous, and famous calligraphy artists emerge in large numbers.
In the early Tang Dynasty, there were Ou, Yu, Chu, and Xue; in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were Zhang Xu, Yan Zhenqing, and Huai Su; in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, there were Liu Gongquan and Shen Chuanshi.
Liu Gongquan took over the banner of regular script from Yan Zhenqing, created his own "Liu style", and climbed to another peak.
Later generations were collectively known as "Yan Liu" and became a model of calligraphy art in the past dynasties.
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Comments from famous experts
Wang Shizhen: "The "Lanting" post written by Wang Shizhen said that although it is far away from the Shanyin Chamber, it is probably possible to learn from the gods and leave. Tracers are also.
”
Kang Youwei: “If you are sincere, you will change your style.” ”
Su Shi: “Master Liu’s books are based on his beauty and can come up with new ideas. "
Zhu Changwen: "His method is based on his appearance, and he adds strength and richness to it, which makes him famous.
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5 Commemorative Editors for Later Generations
Keywords: Liu Gongquan’s Tomb
Liu Gongquan’s Tomb
Liu Gongquan's tomb
It is located 1 km north of Langyi Village, Azi Township, Yaozhou District.
It is 82 meters from east to west and 64 meters from north to south.
Liu Gongquan. Gongchuo and Liu Gongquan were from Yaozhou District, Tongchuan, biological brothers.
Chuo's tomb is in the east and Quan's tomb is in the west, 46 meters apart.
There is a stone tablet in front of each tomb. p>
1 The upper part of the stele is written in regular script, "A letter to Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, who is the minister of the Ministry of War and the deputy censor of the capital," the official script of the Bank of China reads "The tomb of Liu Gonggong, the Minister of the Ministry of War of the Tang Dynasty", and the lower part of the tablet in regular script is "Bi Yuan, the Minister of the Ministry of War of the Tang Dynasty and the deputy censor of the capital." "Shen Mengqiu learned about Yaozhou affairs and Zhang Fengming set up a stone"; the upper and lower inscriptions of the other passage are the same as the previous stele.
The official script of the Bank of China has the large characters "The tomb of Liu Gong, Prince of Tang Dynasty and Prince of Hedong County".
The monuments are 5 meters away from the tomb mound.
It was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1990. >
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