abstract
Sheng, a family history book; Genealogy is a book about ancient clan lineage.
Before Qin and Han Dynasties, only emperors and generals had genealogies. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, aristocratic families paid special attention to the purity and exclusiveness of family, lineage and marriage in order to safeguard their political privileges, so nobles and civilians all had genealogy, and genealogy became a special knowledge. From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, various surnames constantly revised their genealogy and family history. Most of the existing genealogies and genealogies were compiled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Genealogy deepens the gap between the powerful family and the cruel people in the cloth, and strengthens the humble and humble relationship within the powerful family. It blurred the class consciousness with blood relationship as the link, and maintained and consolidated the feudal patriarchal clan system. However, family history and genealogy also have great literature value. As far as Zhang's genealogy is concerned, it records the family origin, generation system, biographies, migration and residence, marriage and marriage, offspring reproduction and related political, economic and cultural conditions of Zhang's family, and is an important raw material for studying family history and social history.
Fine tuning spectrum
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, genealogy was very popular. A family name like Zhang should have been compiled by Jia Chenghe, but it was not preserved because of its long history. Now we can learn about Zhang's family background and genealogy, including twenty volumes of Zhang's Dunhuang Zhang's Genealogy in Tang Dynasty and one volume of Qujiang Zhang's Genealogy later.
In Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhang's genealogy was constantly revised and unified throughout the country. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522 1566), Zhang's genealogy compiled by Zhang Jun and others had 18 volume, which was later expanded to 2l volume, with the document l 1 volume attached, which was extremely rich. This genealogy book contains all the information about the Zhang family in all parts of the country at that time, and it is also accompanied by 17 ancient and modern migration geographical maps. This is an extremely important genealogy of Zhang. During the Republic of China, Zhang's genealogy was in the ascendant, and it was also continued in some places after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The distribution of zhangjiapu
At present, there are more than 100 kinds of Zhangjia genealogy included in the collection catalogue. China Genealogy Catalogue contains 949 volumes of zhangjiapu 1 14 species.
If these Zhang genealogy books are divided by region, Jiangsu Province has the most, reaching 25 kinds; Followed by Hunan Province, with 18 species; Then there are Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces, each with 12 species. In addition, there are 8 species in Hubei province, 6 species in Shandong province, 5 species in Hebei, Anhui, Fujian and Sichuan, 2 species in Guangxi, Gansu and Ningxia provinces, and 1 species in Henan province. There are four kinds regardless of region. From the tribal point of view, the Zhang family tree in Qinghe is the most, reaching more than ten species; Followed by Xiangtan Zhang, there are 6 species. There are three kinds of Zhangzai, Nanzhang, Yaojiang, Yuyao, Zhongxiang and Xiangxiang. There are two kinds in Zhejiang, Anqiu and Nanpizhang; There are Zhang tribe 1 species in other areas.
Types of Zhang's genealogy
The names of these Zhang genealogy books are different, including genealogy, genealogy, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum, spectrum and so on. Names often include specific names of counties, sects or ancestors, as well as county names, county names and township names to distinguish them from other genealogies. Some names also add the words "continuation", "three repairs" and "four repairs".
Zhangjiapu's content
Zhang's genealogy and genealogy are similar in content, orderly, typical, genealogical, family rules, ancestral behavior, family documents, etc., although the words are different in complexity and simplicity. Among them, family lineage is the central content of genealogy and is necessary for genealogy books.
The description of family lineage in genealogy books should not only pay attention to the vertical relationship, but also be clear in origin. We should also pay attention to the horizontal relationship between left and right, and enumerate the deeds of people in detail. Zhang's genealogy books often clarify the origin of his family first, and then elaborate on the deeds of various factions in detail. Genealogy should not only record the names of clan characters, but also explain the sects and generations of characters by sending words.
Maoling (now Xingping, Shaanxi Province) has a "List of Words Sent by Clans" in Zhang's Zonggui. This clan * * * is divided into 10 tribes, taking the word 10 written by Zhu, a great scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, "Loyalty and filial piety are far away from home, and poetry and calligraphy live a long life", so that each tribe can share a word. Then take this word as the head and combine it into five words and four sentences as the school language. For example, the word "loyalty" is a school term: "loyalty and diligence, honesty and education." When dragons and tigers meet, the world is at peace. "The first generation of this faction should use the word" loyalty ",the second generation should use the word" diligence ",the third generation should use the word" item ",and so on. In this way, through a person's name, you can know which faction and generation he belongs to.