Can remember Jiangnan. I can't remember Jiangnan.
This warning story is back in the catalogue.
A collection of storytelling novels. Edited by Feng Menglong in the late Ming Dynasty. It is called "Sanyan" together with another collection of Feng's novels, Yu (Ancient and Modern Novels) and Awakening the World. According to yu zhang, a block-printed edition of Jianshantang, Jinling, the preface written by the layman is "Jia Zi of the Apocalypse", which was engraved in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624). There is no need to write this book, just write the title "Master can evaluate, without hindering layman's comparison (school)". Ling's Preface to Strange Books says at the beginning: "The books compiled by Du You's family are quite elegant ..." The Preface to Ancient and Modern Wonders by the owner of Laughing Flower says: "The poor workers changed greatly when Mohan Zhai made up Pingyao ... until the three words",, and wake up "were made up, which was very similar to the difference of the world ..." Long Ziyou and Mohan Zhai were Feng Menglong's posthumous title.
Feng Menglong compiled Sanyan, which included scripts of Song and Yuan Dynasties and scripts of Ming Dynasty. They are all vernacular short stories. Among the 40 works included in Warning World, the old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties account for nearly half, such as Chen Ke's Immortality and Cui Daizhao's Enemy of Life and Death. But it was all sorted and processed by Feng Menglong. The story of "The White Maiden's Leifeng Pagoda in Yongzheng" comes from an earlier time, and the writing is similar to that of the Song Dynasty, but some place names and customs are from the Ming Dynasty. Some imitations in Ming Dynasty were written according to ancient books. For example, in Wang Anshi's San Nan Su, the story of singing chrysanthemums comes from Gao Zhai Man Lu, and the story of taking river water comes from the story of Li Zanhuang in China and Korea. Others are adapted from folk rap, for example, at the end of an article entitled "County Luo Shirt Club", it is pointed out that "the legendary" County Revenge "has been sung so far". Many imitations of the Ming Dynasty were written by Feng Menglong himself, but there has been no textual research. Feng Menglong prefaced The Legend of Three Satisfaction, saying that "Yu Xiang wrote the novel Old Student, and ... cartoonist Wan Houshi regarded it as the legend of" Three Satisfaction ",thus knowing that the article" Three Gratitude for Old Pupils "was written by Feng Menglong. Other articles, such as Song Xiaoguan's reunion and broken felt hat, Yu Tangchun's misfortune, Tang Jieyuan's smiling marriage, Zhao's Cao Guzhuang's revival, Du Shiniang's angry treasure chest, Wang Jiaoluan's century-old hatred, etc. Some people think that this may be Feng Menglong's handwriting, which is based on Song's nine collections. After finishing by Feng Menglong, the 40 articles in Shi Jing Tong Yan are similar in style. As a collection of storytelling novels, although they are not related to each other by blood, and the generation times include Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, they still have similar characteristics after hundreds of years of development along a system.
The excellent works in Warning World describe the life of citizens and show their persecution and resistance struggle under the rule of feudal dark forces. Xiu Xiu in Cui Daizhao's Enemy of Life and Death was originally the daughter of a paperhanger. Because she is good at embroidery, she was ordered by the king of Xian 'an County to be "presented in the mansion" as an adoptive mother. She fell in love with Cui Ning, a jade grinder, and took advantage of the fire in the county palace to take the initiative to find Cui Ning. * * * fled to other places and lived a self-reliant normal husband and wife life. Later, he was captured by the king of Xian 'an County and killed alive. She became a ghost, but still refused to give in and continued to find Cui Ning as husband and wife. Through the love tragedy of the craftsmen, the work reveals the cruelty of the feudal rulers and also shows the rebellious spirit of the oppressed.
In the works of A Warning Story, the description of love accounts for a considerable proportion, which can generally reflect the universal social problems at that time, especially the unfortunate experiences of women. "Little Mistress Giving Money to Teenagers" and "The White Snake Leifeng Pagoda in Yongzheng" also show that women in feudal society boldly pursue personal freedom and happiness regardless of the constraints of ethical codes through love tragedies. My young lady used to be an aunt of the Wangs. "Later, she lost her master's heart because of one sentence", so she was driven out to "get married" and was cheated into marrying a 60-year-old man. Unwilling to be controlled by others, she took a fancy to John Zhang, the 30-year-old store manager, and boldly showed her love to John Zhang. Because she took a string of beads from the king's mansion and was taken back to the mansion, she was tortured and hanged. After her death, the ghost still went to John Zhang. However, just like Xiu Xiu in Cui Daizhao's Life and Death Enemy, even if she becomes a ghost, the feudal ruling forces will not allow her to enjoy the right of free love and normal life. White snake is a woman who goes to the world to seek happiness with the change of white snake. The story about her monster has been circulating for a long time, and she has gradually changed from a harmful monster to a kind and affectionate woman. Although the White Snake Leifeng Pagoda in Yongzheng still has some horrible colors, she really loves Xu Xuan. The husband and wife opened a drugstore and lived a happy well-off life. Once disturbed and destroyed by Fahai, the representative of feudal forces, she dared to fight and persevere until she was suppressed under the Leifeng Tower. The fate of prostitutes described in Warning is even more tragic. Susan in Yu Tang Chun was in trouble, but luckily she met Wang Jinglong and fell in love with each other. The lady dumped Wang Jinglong who had no money with a "house dumping plan". Susan was also tricked into selling to businessmen from other provinces as concubines, wrongly imprisoned and almost executed. Thanks to Wang Jinglong, a high school official, she was saved. Du Shiniang's experience in Du Shiniang's Angry Chest is similar to Susan's. When she saw Li Buzheng's son Li Jia's "faithfulness and honesty", she made up her mind to commit herself to each other and tried to jump out of the fire pit. She pursues sincere love wholeheartedly and yearns for a free and happy life in the future. But in feudal society, it is impossible for a prostitute with a very humble position to marry Li Jia, who was born in an official family. She was finally betrayed by angel lee, so she threw herself into the river in a rage and sent the strongest complaint and protest to the cannibal society with her own death. The work reflects the evil function of money, exposes the philistinism of feudal forces, and accurately shapes a new female image of Du Keshi, who is confident, calm and resolutely defends her personal dignity. This is based on "Yu Tang Chun is in trouble and meets her husband". Du Shiniang's Fury Box represents the highest achievement of parody in Ming Dynasty in terms of ideology and artistry.
Shi Jing's Children's Eyes describes love well, such as Le Xiao She □ Life Seeking a Spouse, Song Xiaoguan's Reunion in Broken Felt Hat, etc. They praise the loyalty and singleness of love and criticize the concept of family status on marriage. Qian Sheren's The Swallow House and Su Xiangting's Zhang Hao Meets Yingying are both evolved from legends. Although it has certain social significance, it has not got rid of the stereotype of the story of talented people and beautiful women. As for Tang Jieyuan's love affair with Chinese people in marriage, Zhao's "Reviving Caojiazhuang" tells the story of prostitutes helping landlords' children revive their family business, and there is nothing to recommend.
There are also some works in Shi Jing's children's eyes that promote loyalty. For example, Lu Dalang's Return the Gold to Finish the Blood, which emphasizes strict financial care; Zhao Taizu's Send Your Mother Thousands of Miles to Help Others, and again, Gui Yuan's Confession to the Poor, which criticizes the ungrateful behavior from the opposite side and reflects the moral concept of the citizens. In addition, Li Chenxian's "Drunken Grass and People's Book" and Wang Anshi's "Three Difficulties Su Shixiu" praise Li Bai and Wang Anshi's literary talent and knowledge, which are also worth reading.
However, there are many works, such as "Old Student III Repays His Grace" and "Chen Kechang's Remarks", which promote feudal morality and religious superstition. This shows that even some excellent works are often mixed with some backward ideological elements, showing considerable limitations.
The Jinling version of Shi Jing Tong Yan is now in Japan, and Universal Library also has a copy in China. Yan Qingtang's "Two Moments to Make Up the Police General Statement" is incomplete, with two missing articles, eight copied articles and four "ancient and modern novels". There are only 36 articles in Sanxuetang, 24 volumes of which are Zhuo Wenjun's insights, and 24 volumes of Shantang were originally the inmates of Yutangchun. Yanqing Tang Ben and Sangui Tang Ben are different from the original in title, title and order, and were revised by booksellers. A proofreading edition published by Writers Publishing House 1956, abridged according to Universal Library.
Awakening the world returns to the catalogue
A collection of storytelling novels. Edited by Feng Menglong in the late Ming Dynasty. It is called "Sanyan" together with another collection of Feng's novels "Yu Shi Ming" and "Sanyan". It was written by a Buddhist in Longxi according to Ye's inscription "The Day of Apocalypse", which was engraved in the seventh year of Apocalypse (1627). The Preface says that beauty is "to be followed and engraved later". Those who are "bright" can learn from it to guide fools, those who are "refined" can learn from it to suit customs, and those who are "constant" can never tire of reading it in their records, which will last forever. Three carved unique names, its meaning is also. "I don't have to write people, just write the title' Can judge a master, Master Moran is better (school)'. Ling's Preface to Strange Books begins by saying, "The books compiled by Du You's family are quite elegant ...". The floret master of Preface to the Wonders of Today and Ancient Times said, "Mo Hanzhai made up Pingyao, and the poor workers changed greatly ... until the words",, and wake up the world "were compiled, which was very similar to the difference of the world. Longziyou and Mohanzhai are Feng Menglong's nicknames. It can be seen that the words Xing Yan and so on were compiled by Feng Menglong.
The cover title of Ye's engraving "Awakening the World with Constant Words" is "Awakening the World with Painting Ancient and Modern Novels with Constant Words". Don't have Ye Jingxi's seal cutting. The pattern, sequence and lines are the same as those of Ye's prints. There are two kinds of popular Yan Qingtang reprint, one is 40 full-page editions; One is 39 books, that is, deleting Jin Hailing's Indulge in Death, and analyzing Zhang Tingxiu's escape to save his father into two books to make up 40 books. Gu proofreading edition published by People's Literature Publishing House 1956, based on Ye's reprint of Universal Library, deleted some pornographic descriptions, while all obscene articles in Jin Hailing were deleted.
Awakening the World was compiled later than Shi Yu Yan Ming and Shi Jing Tong Yan, and the old works collected in Song and Yuan Dynasties were less than the previous Er Yan, accounting for only about one-sixth. Known as the old works of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there are Tian Shu in Xiao Shui Wan, Erlang God in Boots, Zhou Shengxian in Fan Lou, Indulge in Death in Jin Hailing, Meritorious Work in Zheng Jie, and Fifteen Biographies in Joking into a Clever Misfortune. Zhou Shengxian in Affectionate Fan Lou fell in love with Fan Erlang, who runs a hotel at home, so he used drinking sugar water in a teahouse as an excuse to "talk to him and ask him if he was married", regardless of "insulting his family", and his bold initiative was in line with the Xiu Mi show in Cui Daizhao's Life and Death Enemies and Little Lady's Youth Money collected by Shi Jing Tong Yan. The banter of the 15th Biography turns into a clever disaster, which belongs to another kind of "case-solving" theme, exposes the cruelty and fatuity of feudal officials through the innocent and tragic death of a pair of young men and women. These two works are excellent works throughout the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Feng Menglong's old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties have been sorted out and processed, and most of the works written by Ming people in Wake Up the World have been polished. Some people think that Dashupo sent Yihu, Chen Duoshou died and died, Fo Yin Qin Niang had four tunes, He Daqing resented Yuanyang Taize, Bai Yuniang endured hardships as her husband, Zhang Tingxiu escaped to save her father, Emperor Yang Di fled to call for a mission, Wu Yanzi was on an appointment with a neighboring boat, and Lu Taixue was proud of his poems.
Many of the Ming Dynasty's sketches are based on unofficial history's miscellaneous notes of the previous generation. Although they also exposed the emperor's debauchery, such as "the wandering and summoning of Emperor Yang Di"; Criticized the feudal bureaucrats' mutual destruction and ingratitude, such as "Gong Li's poor house met chivalrous people"; But it generally has no great social significance. For example, "Madang Shenfeng sends Wang Tengting" only shows the talent and "immortal roots" of literati. As well as works that promote feudal morality and beautify the ruling class, such as "Two County Magistrates Fight for Justice to Marry Orphans" and "Three Filial Pieties Make Property Stand High"; Works promoting religious superstition and karma, such as "Hanging Qin Niang" and "Fu Zhengxian", are completely feudal dross.
Most of the valuable works planned by Ming people are based on real life or folk stories. Although Mr. and Mrs. Xu became a family filled with indignation, Shi Runze met a friend on the beach. They preached feudal morality and karma, but they mainly showed the spirit of saving the weak and helping each other in the same boat. In addition, there are "White Jade Niang Endures Suffering to Become a Husband" which reflects ethnic contradictions, and "Night Talk in the Garden with Fairy" which reflects class oppression. In particular, A penny for a penny vividly reflects the life and ideological situation of urban craftsmen in the late Ming Dynasty. There is also a true description of their cruel persecution by feudal forces. He Daqing's "Hating Yuanyang Belt" and Wang's "Burning Baolian Temple" also exposed the evil of religious forces at that time from the promiscuous life of monks in the temple.
The description of love, marriage and family also occupies a prominent position in the Ming Dynasty's work Wake the World. The appointment of Yanwu's official's son to a neighboring ship describes the free combination of Yanwu and He Xiue in a praising style, and expresses the good wish that lovers shall be well. Chen Duoshou's Life and Death Couple focuses on persistence and loyalty to love. There are some superstitious elements in the works, which are intended to show the heart of a chaste woman, the wife of Chen and Zhu. However, after erasing the feudal dust, we can still see the author's praise of loyal and single-minded love. Qian Xiucai's articles such as "Mistaking Phoenix" and "Joe is too conservative to be useful" mocked the unreasonable feudal marriage system that stifled the love and happiness of young men and women in a farce way. In Awakening the World, the most outstanding achievement of this kind of works is that oil vendors monopolize the flower base. Qin Zhong, a little oilman, saw that Wang Mei Niang, a famous prostitute, was "beautiful in appearance", so he spent more than a year and worked hard to save twelve taels of silver as a "flower and willow fee" for one night. This was not enough training at first, but when he learned that Wang Mei Niang was also a person who fled from Bianjing to Lin 'an, he was not touched by the "thinking of a village", but felt "pity" for Wang Mei Niang's "staying at a prostitute's house", which shows that she is different from the general prince's philandering behavior. While describing Qin Zhong's devotion and consideration to his mother, the works deliberately set off Qin Zhong and her mother with five or eight wanton "bullying", which actually surpassed the relationship between clients and prostitutes. The work depicts Qin Zhong's behavior of serving and caring for Wang Mei Niang all night in the courtyard, showing his sincere love for Wang Mei Niang, and showing that ordinary people in the city at that time not only had the requirements of love and happiness, but also respected and cared for women's personality, with the center around a word "love". The so-called "a rich man who loves many children is not as romantic as selling oil" precisely reflects the thoughts and attitudes of citizens who are different from the feudal ruling class in gender relations.
This kind of works surpasses the old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties in terms of complete structure, vivid plot, vivid image, exquisite description, fluent language and rich vocabulary. However, it is not as sharp as the old works in Song and Yuan Dynasties in terms of the sharpness of contradictions and struggles, the sharpness of characters' personalities and the intensity of life breath in language description, and it often inserts too many abstract sermons and deliberately pursues the twists and turns of the plot, which is detrimental to the ideological and artistic quality of the works.
Drunk stones return to the catalog
A collection of novels in the late Ming Dynasty. 15 volumes, each volume 1 article. Signed by Gu Kuangsheng, editor of East Road, whose real name is unknown. Lu Xun thought it was a work of the Ming Dynasty. "Only the story of Li Weihua was recorded in the Tang Dynasty, and I learned about the Ming Dynasty, which was related to the Chongzhen Dynasty and covered the works at that time" (A Brief History of Chinese Novels). Jiangdong Lao's Preface also holds this view. But some people think it is a work in the early Qing Dynasty. The original preface said: "Li Zanhuang (Li Deyu in Tang Dynasty) was drunk in Pingquan Village, and his drunkenness was lost." The author's purpose in writing this book is to persuade loyalty and filial piety.
The author advocates loneliness and loyalty and opposes "criminal insurrection". In Volume 2, Relying on Solitude and Loyalty, Fighting in a bloody battle while taking risks, Fighting chivalry and making friends and putting out evil, it is said that "a poor man must be a thief", and the author praises Liu□ and Liu Lian's father and son to eliminate "theft" and "chaos"; Volume 12, Crazy Monks Think Big Treasure, Fools Set an Inverse Plan, mocked the monk Guo Ming who wanted to be the emperor, and advised that "for the people, everyone should be diligent and self-controlled, each holding his own artistic career and saving his family property". Volume 5, "Ya Xun's service to the country, all orphans are sacrificed", praised Yao's loyalty and chastity in commanding his wives and concubines to lay down their lives to save orphans. Volume 14, "We can't wait to be ashamed of the tomb again, but we can't even be poor." It satirizes Mo's inability to stay poor, criticizes Mo's remarriage, and advocates that "starvation is a trivial matter, but dishonor is a major matter." As for advocating destiny, karma, and advocating reading and being an official, this book is also very prominent. However, some of these articles still have certain cognitive value. For example, in the fourth volume, Bing Songyun's fierce daughter fell into the world, and the idiot who killed the force suffered, exposing the crime that the rich colluded with the township officials and the government seized the civilian daughter. Volume 7, Losing a swallow's wings is greed, but falling into a trap is not shame, gives a more realistic description of the greed of officials and the darkness of the imperial examination. Volume 8 "Fake antiques from tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger, tiger" reflects that officials took the opportunity to extort money to buy antiques for the emperor. Volume 13, "Mu Qiongmei's Mistaken Lover, Dong Bai's Negligence in Repaying the Grateful Ghost", is about the disadvantages of the court's collection of money and food.
Mr. Lu Xun said that "Drunken Wake Stone" is "written quite brilliantly, but too succinctly, so it is used to saying it in easy-to-understand terms, and it is threatening to repeat it". From this book, we can see that story novels have come to an end in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Return to the "Story of Marriage Awakening" directory.
Novels in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. A "bad marriage". The Western Zhou Sheng was compiled and the Burning Chenopodium was revised. 100 times. There are Preface to Master Bi, Eight Cases and the Inscriptions and Postscripts of Dongling Scholars at the beginning of the volume, which roughly shows that the purpose of writing is to borrow unofficial history and "learn from the classics". At the same time, in the manual, "people who do good use their real names, but as for those who lose their virtue, their first names and surnames are all fabricated."
It is said that Pu Songling was born in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The content and plot of this book are similar to those of Jiangcheng and Maiden in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Moreover, most of this book is written in Shandong dialect, and most of it is the customs and habits of Zichuan and Zhangqiu in Shandong Province. So what Pu Songling said is more credible. If it weren't for Pu Songling, the author would have lived in these places. This book records many events in Shunzhi and Kangxi periods, and the writing time will not be later than sixty years of Kangxi (Xin Chou) (172 1).
The Story of Awakening Marriage is about the marriage of two generations. In the novel, Yuan Chao loves his concubine and drives his wife Jishi to death because he shot the fairy fox. After his death, he was entrusted to Di Chen Xi. According to the author's arrangement, "I can't report my deep hatred, and I deserve to be husband and wife in this life", so I asked the dead fox to entrust Xue's life, and Ji entrusted the child's life to send her elder sister and become Di's wife and concubine. They abused Di Chen Xi and retaliated for their mistakes. In the way of karma, the dark and cold life of the landlord class was written. The works describe the secular customs of towns in feudal society, the officialdom and family life of landlords and bureaucrats, and fully expose the filth, fraud and sin of feudal society and feudal families. The author observes carefully and vividly the lives of various characters of the landlord class, and sometimes it is very cold and humorous in understatement. The printed version of "Marriage Story of Awakening the World" 10 species, 1936 printed by World Bookstore, 198 1 year printed by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. It is quite convenient to use.
Return catalogue of ancient and modern novels
A collection of storytelling novels. Edited by Feng Menglong in the late Ming Dynasty. Later, it was renamed Yu's Famous Words, and it was called "Sanyan" together with Feng's Storytelling Collection and Hexingyan. It was carved in Taichang and at the time of the apocalypse (about 162 1). The engraving of Tianxuzhai was not written by anyone, but by the owner of the Green Pavilion. Ling's Preface to Strange Books says at the beginning: "Du You's compilation is quite generous ..." The Preface to Ancient and Modern Wonders by the owner of Laughing Flower Flower says: "The poor workers changed greatly when Mohan Zhai made up Pingyao ... until the three words", "Awakening the world" were made up, which was very similar to the difference of the world ... "Long Ziyou and Mohan Zhai were Feng Menglong's nicknames.
On the title page of Tianxuzhai's original woodcut novel "Ancient and Modern Novels", it is written that "this Zhai buys 120 kinds of ancient and modern celebrity romances, and one third of them are the first edition woodcut", and the first line of the catalogue has the words "an instant of ancient and modern novels". The preface made by the owner of Qingtian Pavilion also said: "The unofficial history family in Maoyuan is rich in popular novels in ancient and modern times. At the request of the Jia family, forty kinds can be used to benefit Li Er, only for a while. " It can be seen that Feng Menglong originally planned to publish 120 novels in three episodes under the name of ancient and modern novels, but in fact, he did not use the names of "Hongxing Erke" and "Sanke" in the future, but called them "Warning the World" and "Awakening the World". When the novel was reprinted, it was renamed Yu. The title of "ancient and modern novels" seems to be a general term for "Sanyan". The cover title of Ruye's book Awakening the World is Painting Ancient and Modern Novels to Awaken the World. The words on the inner page of Yan Qingtang's book "Awakening the World" still say: "My workshop paid a heavy price for 120 kinds of ancient and modern popular romances, the first one is Yu's words, and the second one is Shi Jing's childlike eyes, which are regarded as treasures in China; The third time was Awakening the World ... "There are only 24 Yan Qing Tang editions of Yu's Ming Yan, and the cover title is" Reprint and Supplement of Ancient and Modern Novels ". Because the engraved version of Ancient and Modern Novels caught fire the day after tomorrow, the version was incomplete, so when it was renamed and reprinted, there were only 24 articles. As a matter of fact, these 24 articles also include a fake fairy in Huaguang Temple, Bai Yuniang endured the pain and became her husband, and Zhang Tingxiu ran away to save her father. The order of each article is also different from the original version of ancient and modern novels.
Most of the scripts collected in ancient and modern novels are old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and a few were written by Ming people. Zhao Longhu Hui, Song Sigong made a scene to ban the soul Zhang and so on belong to the old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties, while Jiang Xingge's reunion with Zhushan and Shen's meeting as a teacher belong to the Ming Dynasty. There are also some works that may be old works of Song and Yuan Dynasties, which were adapted or greatly processed in Ming Dynasty, such as Chun Qing sold by Wu Han in Xinqiao City and Prison Break in Si Mazhao.
Forty ancient and modern novels were produced in Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, and the social conditions were different. There are some differences in content, technique, language and style between the works created directly from spoken scripts and those created later by imitating fictional scripts, but there are still many similarities because they belong to the same novel development system and the description theme is closely related to urban life.
Whether it is a story book in Song and Yuan Dynasties or a story book in Ming Dynasty, based on real life, the works describing ordinary people are the most eye-catching and valuable. Song Sigong made a scene to ban the soul. Zhang Fu, who runs a pawnshop in Tokyo, loves money like life, bullies a poor man who begs for a living, and causes injustice to Song Sigong, a "third-rate idle man". He stole Zhang Fu's treasure at night, and later teased the feudal officials who arrested them with his apprentice Zhao Zheng, which eventually led to Zhang Fu's bankruptcy and suicide. The works eulogize Song Sigong's bravery and disdain for the government, and express the people's original hope of resisting exploitation and oppression. One bird kills seven people. Through the story of "solving the case" of the son of the computer operator who loves birds, this paper describes the selfishness and ignorance of a class of small people who are shackled and carrying sedan chairs. But more are works that show the joys and sorrows of ordinary people in love and marriage. "Monks Cleverly Deceive Huangfu's Wife" describes a monk named Hong, who uses the rough appearance of a small military attache who acts as a servant of the imperial court to set a trap to deceive his wife. Just like "Shen Xiaoguan kills seven lives with one bird", it reflects the dark side of society at that time. As for "Li Nv" and "Xian Yunan Ruan's three indemnity debts", Li Yinghe, a businessman, chose his own spouse, and they are determined to do so. Although the endings are different, they all have the significance of anti-feudal ethics. Today's Angry Beating a Lover is a condemnation of infidelity and a whipping of ungrateful men. The pearl shirt of Jiang Xingge's reunion also shows the internal contradiction between his wife's infidelity and his unforgettable old love for his wife, which finally reaches the second degree, and embodies the emphasis on "love" and the weakening of feudal chastity concept. However, in order to cater to the vulgar taste of the public, such works often have a lot of obscene descriptions.
The Song and Yuan editions in ancient and modern novels, especially the Ming edition, not only reflect the thoughts and desires of some people on the issue of marriage and love, but also highlight the friendship of friends in general moral behaviors, such as giving up one's life to make friends, Wu Baoan abandoning his family to redeem friends, and Fan Juqing's chicken and millet dying to make friends. And praised the story of "loyalty to friendship regardless of life and death"
It is worth noting that some scripts and novel scripts directly touch on important realistic and political themes. Yang Siwen's "Yanshan Friends' Association" shows the Song people's thoughts in a foreign country after the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty; Mu Mian's "Revenge of Zheng Huchen" shows hatred for officials who made mistakes in the country; and Yang Ba's "Yue Guo" shows the pain caused by the Japanese invasion to people's separation of flesh and blood. In particular, Shen Hui Shi Ji reflects contemporary current affairs, describes the struggle with Yan Song, and shows the author's great political enthusiasm. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of realistic characters and the lack of artistic refinement, this work appears loose in structure, not concentrated in story and not clear in characterization.
Some works in ancient and modern novels describe the story of getting rich, such as "selling oneself to meet poor Ma Zhou" and "Renzong meeting Zhao Bo Tea Shop", which reflect the literati's yearning for fame and fortune and have no positive significance. As for the works that promote religious superstition and deny the idea of fertility, such as The Moon and the Monk, Liu Cui and Chen Xiyi's four major words, they are basically feudal dross.
Today, there are originals and copies of Tian Xuzhai's ancient and modern novels in Japan, but they are incomplete. Today, Wang Gulu took photos of two books, which are not fully complementary and become a relatively complete book, printed by Hanfenlou 1947. Literature Ancient Books Publishing House reprinted in 1955. 1958, based on the second edition, Xu Zhengyang made some modifications and deletions with reference to Qingping Shantang dialect edition and modern Gucci.
"Ancient and modern wonders" return to the catalogue
A collection of vernacular short stories published in the late Ming Dynasty. The editor's signature is the old man holding the urn in Gusu, and his real name and average life span are not tested.
There are 40 volumes of Wonders of Ancient and Modern Times, and 40 scripts and novel scripts are selected from Sanyan and Erpai, including 8 scripts of Yu Shiming, Shi Jing Tongyan 10, Wake Up the World 165438 and 8 scripts of Jing Shi. The editor has done some word processing for each article, and the comments on the book Eyebrows may also come from him.
There are roughly four criteria for editing, "one is to reward achievements, the other is to exhort and punish, the third is to have novel plots, and the fourth is to tell trivial stories that can be used to help" (Sun Jie's "Three Words and Two Beats"). There are many works promoting loyalty, filial piety, moral integrity and religious superstition in the book, such as Liu's Twin Son and Xu Laofu's Anger and Complaints. There are also a few works with high ideological and artistic level, such as Du Shiniang's Angry Box and Shen Bai Shi Ji. The latter category is the representative works of parody in Ming Dynasty.
Since the early Qing Dynasty, San Yan Er Pai has been lost, but Wonders of Ancient and Modern has become the most widely circulated collection of ancient vernacular short stories, which has had a great impact on society. This book was published in Baohanlou, Wu Jun County at the end of Ming Dynasty and reprinted in Qing Dynasty. Gu School, newly printed by People's Literature Publishing House, revised the original version and made necessary additions and deletions with reference to Sanyan and Erpai.
Heroes return to the directory.
The collection of novels in Ming Dynasty is a joint publication of Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. There are two kinds of this book: one is published by Xiong Fei Museum during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, and it is called The Water Margin of the Three Kingdoms, with a preface by Xiong Fei, with a total of 20 volumes. Each page is divided into two columns. The Water Margin was published in the upper column (1 10 times), and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was published in the lower column (240 times), with 65,438 illustrations. The other is a printed book of the Qing Dynasty, titled Han Song, with a preface by Xiong Fei. The upper column is Water Margin, and the lower column is Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but the former is 1 15, and the latter is Mao Zonggang's commentary in the early Qing Dynasty, with 40 pages attached at the back of the book. Both of the above are not titled "heroes", which is also famous in circulation. The water margin of heroes is a shortened version. The commentary attached to the Ming edition is signed "Li Zhi", which is of great research value in the history of the editions of Water Margin, while the Qing edition is more popular because of its many editions.
Return catalogue of West Lake II
A collection of short stories in the late Ming Dynasty. By Zhou Zhen. ***34 volumes, each volume 1 article, are stories related to the West Lake. Most of his books are based on Travels of the West Lake and Ming Taizu's Imperial Letters, and occasionally books such as Love History, Newly Edited Stories of Cutting Lights, and Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun are used. From the description of volume 17, we can know that there is an episode of West Lake, which is no longer circulated.
According to the preface to Hu Hai, the author is "full of talents", but "short of talents, poor". The purpose of writing this novel is to "borrow other people's glasses and pour your talents." "The book always satirizes and exposes corrupt politics and corrupt officials in the late Ming Dynasty. Some of these stories are well written, such as "Hu Shao's Merit in Protecting the Japanese", which reveals that in "the world of the shamao rich", "there are more officials who are confused and greedy for money, and fewer officials who are honest and love the people". In "Zu Kong Appears to Rescue the Driver", those "Huang Bang Jinshi" who "cheat the world and steal the name, seize the people's land and property and cheat the world and steal the name by relying on the situation" are even worse than "pigs and dogs". In the book "A foolish magistrate guards the jade palace and lives in spring", he laughs at the person with a high corpse as an illiterate fool. " Joe Becoming Famous describes prostitutes who can see through those high-ranking officials, who are often "up and down", "mediocre in arts and sciences" or even "ignorant", which is very provocative. In addition, it is interesting to describe the social customs in Hangzhou. The writing style of this book is relatively smooth. There is a lot of pen and ink in the book to promote loyalty, filial piety, righteousness and career, which is its shortcoming.