On the other hand, the Wild Goose Pagoda was built in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong for three years. Because it is located in Jean Temple, it is also known as the West Courtyard Pagoda of Jean Temple.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was initially built with five floors, with a brick surface, but it was rebuilt with ten floors after collapse. In 704 AD, Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty was transformed into a pavilion-style blue brick pagoda, which broke the convention that the pagodas in the Tang Dynasty were all odd numbers and rose to 10 floor. In 9365,438+0, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt in the Five Dynasties, and it was reduced to seven floors with a square plane. 1604, the basic shape of the Tang Dynasty tower was maintained in the twenty-third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, and a 60 cm thick coating was built outside it. The side of the tower foundation is 48 meters long and 4.2 meters high, and the tower body is on it, with a side length of 25 meters and a height of 59.9 meters. The height of the tower foundation and tower body is 64. 1 m. Each wall of the tower is made of brick flat columns and wall frame, with a big barrel at the upper part of the column and a brick coupon door in the middle of each floor. The plane inside the tower is also square, and each floor has floors. An escalator is installed to spiral up to the top of the tower. In the Ming Dynasty, a thick layer of brick was laid outside the tower, and the brick was ground with cracks and was very strong. When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it was a five-story square tower with brick surface and core. Later, it was changed to a seven-story square pavilion, and it was changed to a ten-story pavilion in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Tangta added brick faces. At present, the tower is 64 meters high, and each floor is made of imitation wood structure. There are exquisite line-carved Buddha statues on the bottom lintel, and the west lintel is the Buddha statue of Amitabha, engraved with a magnificent hall. There are two stone tablets embedded in the brick niche of the south gate at the bottom of the tower: Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang, both written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, with delicate fonts, which are two famous stone tablets in the Tang Dynasty. On the west side of the lintel of Shimen, there are lines depicting architectural patterns and Buddha statues carved in the Tang Dynasty. The layout of the picture is rigorous, and the lines are thick and smooth. According to legend, it was written by Yan, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, and Wei Chiyi, a monk. It is an important material for studying ancient architecture in China. The Wild Goose Pagoda is a famous tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty, so there are a large number of inscriptions by literati, including more than 200 inscriptions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties alone. Today, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is still a landmark building in Xi 'an, an ancient city, and a famous scenic spot at home and abroad. The State Council was promulgated as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units 196 1. In Ji 'angji, at the southern end of Yanta Road in the southern suburbs of the ancient city, there stands the quaint and magnificent Big Wild Goose Pagoda. It is the most famous ancient pagoda in Xi, and is regarded as a symbol of the ancient city. In the center of the Xi 'an sign is painted this magnificent and famous ancient tower of the Tang Dynasty.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the full name of which is "Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Ci 'en Temple", was founded in 652 AD. Pavilion-style brick pagodas are welded by grinding bricks. Prisms are displayed on the brick wall, which can obviously divide the wall into bays. It is a unique traditional architectural art style in China.
According to historical records, the Cixi Hall was built by Tang Gaozong Li Zhi to pray for her mother, Empress Wende. In the north, it faces the Daming Palace Hanyuan Hall, surrounded by Qujiang Pool, Xingyuan and Leyuan Scenic Area, with beautiful scenery. The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is the first abbot of Ji 'an Temple, Master Xuanzang, who returned from India and brought back a large number of Sanskrit classics and Buddhist cultural relics. In order to consecrate and store these treasures, he personally designed and guided the construction. Xuanzang was honored as the "Master Sanzang", who once ruled out eighty-one difficulties to learn from the West. Tang Gaozong and Emperor Taizong personally wrote Preface to Tang Sanzang and Preface to Tang Sanzang.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a pavilion-style brick pagoda, with a height of 64.517m and a base length of 25m. The tower is square pyramid-shaped and located on a square brick platform, with a bottom area of 42.5×48.5 meters and a height of 4.2 meters. The tower body made of blue bricks is spliced by grinding bricks, and the structure is regular. The exterior is made of wood-like structure, and the size decreases proportionally from bottom to top. There is a spiral wooden ladder in the tower. There is an arched ticket gate on both sides of each floor, which can be overlooked through the railing. The whole building is magnificent, solemn and simple, with simple and steady modeling and moderate proportion, which is a masterpiece of architectural art in Tang Dynasty. Many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty boarded the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving a beautiful sentence that has been passed down to this day, such as Du Fu's "high standards cross the sky, the wind keeps going"; Chapter 8 of the "strange bird enclave, mid-air self-alarm language" and so on. Especially Cen Can's "Go to Ji 'an with Gao Shi and Xue Zhi"; "Pagoda, suddenly rising from the ground, reached the palace of heaven; Climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us and the base is empty. It is above a holy land and can only be built by spiritual hard work; The four corners hinder the sky, and the seven layers cut gray clouds. Birds fly down from our sight, looking down at the wind; The mountains, facing the east, run together as if facing the east. Far away, green locust trees line the wide road, Guan Gong He Linglong; The colors of autumn come out from the west and go through the city. In the north, there are five cemeteries, which are always quiet under the dew and green grass. Those who know the ultimate meaning of life will become ancestors; From now on, I will put my official hat aside and find the eternal road is the only happiness. " The poet's magnificent description and philosophical exclamation often cause people to sing when they climb the tower.
As early as the year of Tang Zhongzong Dragon, the title of Big Wild Goose Pagoda has already formed a custom. Each new Jinshi first had a banquet in Qujiang and Xingyuan, and then climbed the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, leaving the wall of the pagoda as a souvenir. At the age of 27, Bai Juyi became a scholar and wrote the poem "The kindness tower is the smallest among seventeen people". Liu Cang's more heroic title is "and the spring election wins the tour, and the apricot garden first banquets Qujiangtou; The title of the Wild Goose Pagoda and Dengxian is mentioned together, which shows that their hearts are full of the joy of spring breeze and they regard the title of Wild Goose Pagoda as a great honor. Later, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda formed the scene that "the walls of the small courtyard of the pagoda were all inscribed by Qing Xiang", but unfortunately, a fire in northern Song Shenzong destroyed the precious inscribed walls.
In Jionji, people naturally think of Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, who was the first abbot here. Xuanzang, a native of Yanshi, Henan Province, was a famous traveler, translator and Buddhist in the history of China. In 628 AD, he traveled westward from Chang 'an and arrived in India through difficulties and obstacles. He was carefully guided by Master Jie Xian. When he returned to the motherland in 645 AD, the imperial court held an unprecedented grand welcoming ceremony in Jionji, and dispatched 1500 mysterious vehicles and more than 200 embroidered Buddha statues and statues. Xuanzang brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures, and translated 74 Buddhist scriptures in Hongfu Temple, Jionji and Yuhua Temple successively, with a total volume of 1, 335. Among the four major Buddhist translators in China, he translated the most books and translated them best.
At the request of Emperor Taizong, Xuanzang also recorded the history, mountains and rivers, folk customs, product climate, political culture and religious beliefs of 16, 5438+00 cities and 28 regions and countries during his trip to 17, and compiled them into "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" 65438+. This legendary figure is honored as "Master Sanzang", and the story that he overcame 81 difficulties to learn from the West has been widely circulated since the Tang Dynasty. On this basis, Wu Cheng'en, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty, created The Journey to the West, one of the ancient Four Great Classical Novels in China.
The Wild Goose Pagoda is indeed the hometown of Buddhist classics, a temple built under the royal auspices, with a prominent position and a large scale, and it is also a scenic spot that cannot be ignored in your trip to Xi. According to the latest report, the Wild Goose Pagoda was not built by Prince Li Zhi to commemorate his mother, Queen Wende. It was built by Master Xuanzang in the twenty-second year of Zhenguan, and it was proposed by Emperor Tang Gaozong at that time. It was rebuilt in the post-Wu Zetian era and the Ming Dynasty.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong for three years. Because it is located in Jionji, it is also called Ci 'en Temple Tower. Daxiong Hall is the most famous and magnificent Buddhist temple in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, which was built by imperial edict in Tang Dynasty. Tang Sanzang, Xuanzang, once presided over the temple affairs here, led the Buddhist translation field and founded the Buddhist Sect. He personally supervised the construction of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the temple. Therefore, Dali Temple has a very prominent position in the history of Buddhism in China, and it has always been concerned at home and abroad.
Ji 'en Temple was built by Prince Li Zhi in the 22nd year of Tang Zhenguan to commemorate his mother, Empress Wende. When the Big Wild Goose Pagoda was first built, it had only five floors. It was rebuilt by Wu Zetian and later renovated many times. Now the tower has seven floors, ***64 meters, in the shape of a square pyramid; The tower body is made of blue bricks, and the walls of each floor are made of wood-like structures such as columns and columns. There are coupon arches on all sides of each floor. This pavilion-style brick tower is a masterpiece of Buddhist architectural art in China, with simple shape and magnificent momentum. On both sides of the south gate of the ground floor of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there are two stone tablets written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. One is Preface to the Three Monks of Datang; The other is Tang Gaozong's Preface to Tang Sanzang. The creeping grass pattern on the side of the monument is beautiful and vivid. These are important cultural relics for studying calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty.
Yanta underground palace
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In May 2008, Wang Yarong, director of the Institute of Religion of Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, said recently that just like the underground palace under the Famen Temple pagoda in Shaanxi, there may be a thousand-year-old underground palace under the Wild Goose Pagoda in xi. It is speculated that the treasures Xuanzang brought back from India may be hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
According to historical records, in the 19th year of Tang Zhenguan, Xuanzang returned from India, bringing back a large number of Buddhist relics, hundreds of Sanskrit scriptures of Beye and eight gold and silver Buddha statues. With the approval of the imperial court, Xuanzang personally designed and built the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in order to worship and treasure the Buddhist scriptures, gold and silver Buddha statues, relics and other treasures brought back. But until now, no one knows where the treasure Xuanzang brought back is.
Wang Yarong thought there was a dungeon under the ancient pagoda. Just as there is a dungeon under the Famen Temple Pagoda, there must be a millennium dungeon under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, but it has not been excavated yet. Therefore, it is very likely that the treasures that Xuanzang brought back at the beginning were hidden in the underground palace under the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
Xie Shoutao, director of the Xi Wild Goose Pagoda Storage Center, said that in 2007, the relevant departments had detected the internal structure of the Wild Goose Pagoda, and the ground penetrating radar had detected holes in the underground of the Wild Goose Pagoda, which should be the underground palace of the Wild Goose Pagoda.
Wild goose pagoda sightseeing
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Tower seat
There is a stone gate at the bottom of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and there are exquisite line carved Buddha statues and brick carved couplets on the lintels and doorframes.
Inscriptions on the east and west sides of the South Gate are the Preface to Tang Sanzang Monument by Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and the Preface to Tang Sanzang Monument by Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong. They were all written by Chu Suiliang, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription highly praised Master Xuanzang for learning from the West and carrying forward the historical achievements and extraordinary spirit of Buddhism. It is a fine work in the inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty and a precious calligraphy inscription protected by the state.