To learn classical Chinese well, you should do more topics in this field or read more books on classical Chinese, and translate more articles and stories in classical Chinese, so as to improve the level of classical Chinese. Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of the college entrance examination. Some students often ask, how to learn classical Chinese well in peacetime so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, it will be no problem to learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of college entrance examination.
first, you should have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are not separated. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will certainly have an impact on him. Therefore, only when we understand the era in which this man lives can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform and hoped that Chu would be strong, but the king of Chu "was confused by Zheng Xiu at home and bullied by Zhang Yi at abroad", alienated Qu Yuan first, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, so that his reform ambition could not be realized and he died in the river. Knowing this history makes it much easier for us to understand Li Sao.
second, have relevant cultural knowledge. China's ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many of its contents are constantly evolving with the development of history. Such as name and title, official position and imperial examination, geographical knowledge, patriarchal manners and customs, costumes and utensils, calendar and criminal law, and ancient book annotation style, there are great differences between ancient and modern times. Although students don't need to master all these contents, they should also accumulate what they encounter in their studies as their own knowledge reserves, so that they can be called at any time in classical Chinese learning and exams.
Third, learn to "treat the belly of the ancients with the heart of the present". We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Who has never died in life since ancient times, keep the heart of Dan to shine on the history." In the face of the hardships of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients and the present, so as to ponder the thoughts of the ancients and accurately understand the essence reflected in classical Chinese.
fourth, grasp the textbooks and lay a solid foundation for classical Chinese. In the study of classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points that appear in the textbook: ① Phonetic sounds, including polyphonic words and different pronunciation words. ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech. ③ Classical Chinese sentence patterns, including special sentence patterns and complex sentences in classical Chinese.
Fifth, in learning a classical Chinese, we should do the following: First, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, implement the understanding of paragraphs in grasping the text as a whole; Thirdly, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words and expressions in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above points in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination. 2. Basic knowledge about classical Chinese
1. Understanding the meaning of notional words in classical Chinese. 1. Some basic knowledge of notional words in classical Chinese. 1. Different meanings of notional words in ancient and modern times: some notional words in classical Chinese have not changed in ancient and modern times, so we can use their present meanings to understand classical Chinese.
Some notional words are used in both ancient meaning and present meaning in classical Chinese. This context uses the ancient meaning and that context uses the present meaning. When reading, we must analyze and consider the sentences in which it is located. The ancient meaning and the present meaning of most notional words in classical Chinese are different, so we can't use the present meaning to understand their meaning in classical Chinese.
Specifically, this difference in meaning between ancient and modern times is reflected in four aspects: the meaning has been enlarged or narrowed, such as "Jiang", "Good", "Stinky" and "Rang"; The sense of * * * has changed, such as "meanness", "minions", "exercise", "intrigue" and "teacher's heart for personal use"; There is no connection between ancient and modern meanings, and they have been transferred, such as "crying" and "stealing" (1) When it comes to Dan, taking Jing Qing as the plan, it will be a disaster at first. /and its return to the book will be five years later, and my wife will come back. (2) Make it as harmonious as Qin, and the world can be settled.
(3) Therefore, there is no nobleness, no meanness, no length, no shortage, the existence of Tao, and the existence of teachers. (4) This sincere country is in the autumn of survival. (5) Mao Sui praised Ping Yuanjun for inviting Hou Sheng to sit in the chair. (6) His father has been in the first place, and he said angrily, "What is the future with the elderly?" After/year, although you want to speak, no one can enter. Is it too much to ask for nothing? If you win and don't help the five countries, you will be clothed with me, and I will live as a son and teacher of my uncle (7), such as lust and stench.
(8) Does the husband also care for his youngest son? If a husband doesn't marry at twenty, his parents are guilty. (9) Long-term strategy and imperial palace, swallowing princes who died in two weeks, beating the world (1) Shangguan doctors are in the same column, competing for favor and hurting their abilities (11) They talk too much, and at the beginning of the year, the ministers remonstrate, and the crowds are crowded (12), so those who live in the dirt and don't leave, It's easy for a thief to bite an old man's bones. (14) Does Zhao Wu have no pity on his son and sister because he is not an only child? Are you afraid of general Lian? (15) Who is the general Lian and the king of Qin? Its humiliating behavior, depending on the death of five people, how serious is it? (16) Wang has a disease in the play, but if he is not cured, he will be afraid to ride on the wind, but he will not listen to it because of the disease. (17) Fortunately, he can ask questions widely, but he can't agree to make farsightedness, and he hopes that (18) Ping Yuanjun's messenger's crown and cover belong to Wei, so that Wei Gongzi can say (19) that it can be bound, and the system has never been firmly bound (2) When the strength of bones and muscles (21) is small, the family is poor. Every time you borrow it from the library/I hope that the king will borrow it less, so that you can make it before (22). Otherwise, if you make five people protect their leaders to be older than the household (23), you should take the large and medium-sized people who care for Wu as Wei's private (24), and the center should not cry (25). (26) The light weapons are suspended, and they often look for (27) to go: leave; (time and space) distance/although: although; Even/every: every time, every time; Often slander: publicly criticize and accuse others of their faults: omen exercise: play with the law and make people guilty (28). Therefore, it is not beneficial to be pregnant, which leads to a false horse, and it leads to a thousand miles of love for treasures and treasures, so that people all over the world make promises, but swear to them (29). Advise you to do more with a glass of wine and fruit, and all Chinese people advise you (39) Secondly, I don't want to disgrace myself. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang are both in the line, and Wu Guangzhi is next to them. In the temple, the night bonfire (31) can be compared with Qin, or it can be basked in white, and it can be sent back to the diligent heart in time to support the public, so that the princes will be better (if you see it, I hope you will come soon). Guan Zhong is in harmony with Qi Da-zhi, and Qi Da-zhi's face, which is dark and confused and has nothing to look at, is just a seal; The back of the monarch is beyond words. (32) The reason why the original Zhuang Zong won the world is that he lost it. (33) The county official has a little bit for his wife. She can't cut the rope and ink early, so that she can't miss it. 2. Distinguish between monosyllabic words and disyllabic words: There are only a few disyllabic words in classical Chinese, which can't be understood separately.
Some linking words, reduplicative words, special nouns and words expressing time all belong to this category. Such as: haggard, exhibition, gentle and graceful, melancholy, uneven, as if, wandering, wandering; The country, the son of heaven, the first step, the cloth, the guests, the district, and the melancholy; It's a long time, a short time, a short time, a moment, a long time, a bright quality, dusk, a person's decision, a crow and a corner.
In addition, some disyllabic words can't be understood separately in a specific context, so they can only be regarded as one word. Such as: "challenged for taxes, how could they pay??" () "Sacrifice jade, dare to add", "and loud my song and deep my drink, on the green spring-day that starts me home" and "The story of destruction from six countries is under six countries!" "I go to visit relatives and serve the monarch, but I admire your lofty righteousness." "I am a teacher, so I am taught by the profession." "Stroke often happens every day."
"on flowery spring mornings and moonlit autumn nights, I have often taken wine up and drunk it all alone" "Because of its wealth, the traffic is prosperous." "Branches are covered and leaves are in communication."
"It's a slight thing that is easy to hide, and it lies in grasping it, so that it can be surrounded by the sea without suffering from hunger and cold." "It's not long before the release, because the preface is cheap."
"The exchange of luggage is for them to get tired." The same disyllabic word is sometimes two monosyllabic words and sometimes a disyllabic word in classical Chinese, which should be carefully distinguished in combination with the specific context.
He who wins the fortune teller thinks he is the best man in the world./Tomorrow, Xu Gong will come, which do you think? He thinks he is inferior to Xian Wu. He thinks that my father died, so my father died, so he became a guest at the wine party. Those who can't make it to the best of my will can have no regrets/and those who can refuse to do it in general, the Yangtze River also.
There is lightning in winter and frost and snow in summer. However, the trend of cold and heat is not easy for the old people to eat meat, and the people are not hungry or cold. However, they are not kings. Without it, there are usually one word in classical Chinese, and most of them are monosyllabic words. In modern Chinese, it is a disyllabic word, but in classical Chinese, it is often two monosyllabic words, which need to be understood separately: however, the vassal's land is limited, and the desire to violently attack Qin is insatiable/our society's actors are the first, so they worship the doctor for the sound of the bus/so they are like going forward, the Qin people switch to delay the enemy, and the teachers of the nine countries are afraid to enter/Qu Yuan walks on the banks of the river, which is described as withered. 3. What are the classical Chinese texts about learning
1. Excerpts from Xunzi's
Persuading Learning in the Warring States Period: A gentleman knows that a husband's inadequacy is not enough to think of beauty, so he recites it consistently and thinks about it.
Interpretation: A gentleman knows that he is perfect if he has not learned completely, so he reads a group of books to achieve mastery, and tries to understand by thinking and exploring.
2.
Excerpt from Wang Yinglin's San Zi Jing in Song Dynasty: If you don't peck, you won't be a tool; People don't learn and don't know.
Interpretation: Jade can't be a beautiful object if it is not polished and carved; If people don't study, they can't be successful.
3.
Excerpt from Zhou Xitao's "Augmented Sage" in the Qing Dynasty: There is no end to learning from the sea, but there is no end to learning from the sea. (Actually, it was written by Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and it was included in Augmented Xianwen).
Interpretation: If you want to climb the peak of knowledge, then diligence is the only way; If you want to swim in the sea of knowledge, hard work is the ship that wishes you progress.
4.
Excerpt from Zhu Xi's Poem of Encouraging Learning in the Song Dynasty: Young people are easy to get old but difficult to learn, and an inch of time is not light.
Interpretation: Time is fleeting, learning is difficult, and every inch of time should not be wasted.
5. Excerpt from Yan Zhenqing's
Persuading to Learn in the Tang Dynasty: Black hair doesn't know how to study early, while white head regrets studying late.
definition: I didn't know to study hard early when I was young, and it was too late to regret when I was full of white hair.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Persuade Learning 4. What are the classical Chinese about learning?
(1) Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is the main part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
(2) Classical Chinese is knowledge. This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a text. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, so why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese, have a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and have a "law" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
(4) "classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it indicates that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was later written. The "written" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of a written language. The latter "text" refers to style.
(5) Is there any "future" for classical Chinese besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will there be? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern applications. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, still written in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
(6) The term "classical Chinese" can also contain the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-is "literate" and "written", that is, written, its language charm decreases, while the function of writing doubles. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is a reservation of life experience and has no expansion performance of words.
(7) in the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did ancient people say the same thing? I think this can be "felt" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense, and there is no big difference in structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating what the ancients said, but reciting or silently reading a style.
(8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel a very clear train of thought, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn. 5. With regard to the method of learning classical Chinese, a teacher with a basic knowledge of classical Chinese can give me some advice.
The method of classical Chinese is nothing more than checking, remembering, reading and writing more, which is also the four realms of learning classical Chinese. If you look up more, you will be puzzled by the solution in the classics; Many journalists are derived from the existence of ancient books in the chest; For those who read more, western learning says: language environment. Reading short and easy to understand first, you can get it from the essays of Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and then you can read the laws of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties with ease. The writer who writes more is the supreme realm, such as Mr. Jing 'an, "Looking for him in the crowd, I suddenly look back."