When describing history, the author implies praise and criticism. Although he does not directly explain his views on people and things in his writing, he expresses his subjective views and opinions euphemistically and implicitly through detailed description, rhetorical devices (such as word selection) and material selection.
"In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were three well-known verbs in brushwork, namely, kill, kill and kill." This example comes from the eighth chapter of Mencius Liang Wang Hui, "I have heard of killing husbands, but I have never heard of killing kings."
Because killing means killing without guilt, killing means committing the following crimes, and killing means killing with guilt and reason. In this article, the word "punishment" is used instead of "killing", which means that the author thinks that Shang Zhouwang should be killed because of his crimes, not because of the following crimes. This is an example of a well-known verb in the Spring and Autumn brushwork.
In addition, Zuo Qiuming summarized the brushwork in the Spring and Autumn Period as "implicit and obvious, vigorous and gloomy, graceful and logical, non-polluting, punishing evil and persuading good". Then you mentioned that "the emperor died and collapsed, the vassal died, the doctor died, the scholar died, and Shu Ren died."
Different uses of death are embodied in the spring and autumn brushwork of "graceful and logical", which is intended to be euphemistic and taboo. That is, "taboo is respect, taboo is pro, taboo is sacred", which is a unique phenomenon in ancient China.
The later application of spring and autumn brushwork;
1, bowl
Euphemism, taboo In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was taboo for the honorable person, taboo for the relatives, and taboo for the sage. This is a unique phenomenon in ancient China. It began in Zhou Dynasty, became in Qin Dynasty, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, and became more intensive in Qing Dynasty. After the founding of the Republic of China, it was abolished, and the literary inquisition in the Qing Dynasty was well known.
2, no pollution
Objective and detailed records shall not be biased, distorted or concealed. For example, in memory of Liu Hezhen, "from behind, obliquely through the heart and lungs". I was beaten four times, one of which was a pistol, and I jumped. Entering from the back means sneak attack and slaughter. First, the pistol shows that there are officers involved, which is organized and premeditated.
3. Punish evil and promote good.
Not only narrative, but also subjective evaluation, so that the name of good will go down in history and the name of evil will be remembered for thousands of years. For example, the five-person tomb tablet should leave a mark on the history of the five people who were killed, and take pains to record the names of the five people "Yan, Yang Nianru, yang shen, Ma Jie,".