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Brief introduction of Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum
The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is located in the east of Lintong County, 37 kilometers away from Xi. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Qin Shihuang was the first emperor in the history of China. He has the great cause of reunifying China, but he also has the crime of burning books and burying Confucianism. The merits and demerits of this emperor are still a controversial topic in the history circle. His keen thinking, fruitful behavior, exultation, mastery of politics, ruthlessness, headstrong, extravagance and extravagance all made Qin Shihuang full of mysterious colors for thousands of years.
During the period of 1974, villagers in Lintong District of Xi discovered large and small residual figurines while drilling wells, thus gradually showing the political, economic, cultural and military situation of the Qin Shihuang period to the world. 1979 Daqin Terracotta Warriors Museum was grandly opened. After the opening of the world's rare Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, it quickly caused a sensation at home and abroad. Known as "the eighth wonder of the world", it is one of the most important archaeological discoveries in contemporary times. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses amazed the audience with their huge scale, magnificent scenes and superb scientific and artistic level. With the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum, the ancient city Xi soon became one of the most important tourist cities in China. Tourists from home and abroad have come here. Most foreign heads of state and other distinguished guests visiting our country should put visiting the Terracotta Warriors on their agenda. Up to now, the Terracotta Warriors Museum has received more than 40 million domestic and foreign tourists, including more than 4 million foreign guests, more than 250 foreign heads of government 100 and prime ministers. Famous American Presidents Reagan and Clinton, French Presidents Mitterrand and Chirac, Queen Elizabeth II, German President Zerzok, Prime Minister Cole, Japanese Prime Minister Noboru takeshita, Tomiichi Murayama and Emperor Akihito, Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, and United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, all together, are too numerous to mention.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is about 1.5 km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. There are three pits, one, two and three. The first pit was discovered by local farmers when they were drilling wells, and then the second and third pits were discovered one after another after drilling wells. The first pit is the largest, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 6 12m and a total area of 14260m2. There are about 6,000 life-size pottery figurines buried in this pit, and more than 1000 have been cleaned up so far. It is unbelievable to find such a large, numerous and lifelike pottery figurines in the ground.
Pit No.1 is the largest, with a depth of 5m and an area of14260m2. There are more than 6,000 Ren Tao Ma Tao in the pit, arranged in a neat and orderly circular square. At the eastern end of the pit, there are three rows of warrior figures with crossbows and long-range weapons, which seem to be forward troops, followed by a main force composed of 6,000 armored figures, with long weapons such as spears and halberds, arranged in 38 rows in the 1 1 cave, with 35 chariots of Xu. Guards on the north and south wings. This magnificent and magnificent underground army array is the artistic reappearance of Qin Shihuang's million-strong division sweeping Liuhe.
The Terracotta Warriors Pit No.2 is a square foot with an area of 6,000 square meters. It is a large military array composed of cavalry, infantry, crossbowmen and chariots. It can be roughly divided into four relatively independent units: crossbowman phalanx, Xu Zhanma phalanx, Chebu and cavalry phalanx, and cavalry phalanx. * * * There are 1300 terracotta figures and horses, more than 80 chariots and a large number of metal weapons.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.3 is concave in plane, covering an area of about 520 square meters. Together with Pit 1 and Pit 2, it seems to be the headquarters of the three armed forces, with 68 pottery figurines and 4 horses 1 vehicle unearthed.
These terracotta warriors and horses are of great value in the history of art, and their creations are based on real life, with delicate and vivid artistic techniques. The costumes and expressions of the Terracotta Warriors are different. There are many kinds of hairstyles, different gestures and different facial expressions. From their costumes, expressions and gestures, we can tell whether they are officers or soldiers, infantry or cavalry. There are veterans with beards who have fought many battles and young people who have just stepped into the battlefield. Ordinary figurines, as high as 1.96 meters, stand upright and concentrate on thinking, showing a firm and powerful appearance. The figure of a soldier, with his head slightly raised and his eyes looking straight ahead, looks high-spirited and childish. The samurai is wearing armor, holding a spear in his right hand and pressing the car with his left hand, which shows that he is a Wei Dao warrior. In a word, pottery figurines have distinct personality and strong characteristics of the times. These terracotta warriors and horses are a treasure house of sculpture art, which adds luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and adds a glorious page to the history of world art. The bronze weapons unearthed in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit include swords, spears, halberds, machetes and a large number of crossbows and arrows. According to the test data, these Cu-Sn alloy weapons have been chrome-plated. Although they have been buried in the soil for more than 2,000 years, their blades are still sharp and shiny, which shows that they already had high metallurgical technology at that time, which can be called a miracle in the world metallurgical history.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Dynasty provided abundant information for studying the military, culture and economy of the Qin Dynasty. Its excavation is known as "one of the great discoveries in the archaeological history of the 20th century". 1987 12. UNESCO has listed the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (including the pit of the terracotta warriors) as a world cultural heritage. It is understood that with the support of the central and local governments, it is planned to invest 200 million yuan for the second phase expansion project of the Terracotta Warriors Museum.
Walking into the Terracotta Warriors Exhibition Hall, you will be amazed at this underground army two thousand years ago. They are strong and sharp, and their military looks are neat and gorgeous. A mysterious magic trance will bring people into the historical picture of the neighing of war horses and the coming battle. This is the great charm of classical realism, which shows the world an important page that has been lost for more than two thousand years in the history of China fine arts. To some extent, it can be described as a mysterious chapter "Where were those lost times before me?"? Behind me, are the future generations? " .
Terracotta Warriors and Horses are the treasure house of ancient art in China and the perfect embodiment of realistic art in Qin Dynasty. They are tall, well-proportioned, lifelike and lifelike. The majestic military array represents Qin Shihuang's military achievements and dignity in order to accomplish the great cause of reunifying China. It is a bright pearl, because it has a magnificent underground array composed of more than 7,000 terracotta warriors and horses, which attracted worldwide attention and shocked the world. Terracotta warriors and horses have distinct personality and strong characteristics of the times. These terracotta warriors and horses are a treasure house of sculpture art, adding luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and adding a glorious page to the history of world art.
1980, two large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, with four horses in front of them and an emperor figurine in front of them. Bronze chariots and horses are lifelike in shape and ornate in decoration. The winding headband and harness are made of gold and silver, which are very beautiful and have been designated as national treasures. The tourist facilities in the museum area are becoming more and more perfect, including restaurants, shops, parking lots, movie screens, photo studios and toilets for foreign guests. It takes more than 30 minutes to visit the Terracotta Warriors Museum from Xi 'an along Xi 'an-Lintong Expressway.
The Terracotta Warriors Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China. After the terracotta warriors and horses were excavated and opened to the outside world, they caused a sensation in the world. 1978 former French prime minister Jacques Chirac said after his visit: "There are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of Qin figurines can be said to be eight wonders. If you don't look at the pyramids, you won't count as Egypt, and if you don't look at the Terracotta Warriors, you won't count as China. " Since then, the Terracotta Warriors have been hailed as the eighth wonder of the world. "
Xi Anhua Qingchi scenic spot
Huaqingchi is located in the former site of Tang Huaqing Palace at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in the south of Lintong County, 30 kilometers away from Xi. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and a famous scenic spot in a national scenic spot.
Huaqingchi has a long history. According to legend, Li Palace was built here in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty always built Yu here, named Tangquan Palace. In the sixth year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (747), Tangjing was greatly expanded, surrounded by mountains and palaces, and Luocheng was built, renamed "Huaqing Palace". Because the palace is above the hot spring, it is also called "Huaqing Pool". In Tianbao 15 (756), An Lushan rose up against the Tang Dynasty, and the Huaqing Palace in its heyday was destroyed by the flames of war. Most of the existing buildings in Huaqingchi were built in the Qing Dynasty and before liberation. During the period of 1958, a large-scale reconstruction and expansion was carried out. Since then, it has added scenic spots such as the Chinese-foreign friendship calligraphy stele forest, the ceramic art museum of 300 Tang poems, Liyuan Palace, etc., and added tourist service facilities such as bath pool, Huaqingchi Hotel and Lishan cableway.
1982, excavated in the Museum of the Imperial Soup Site in Huaqingchi, Tang Dynasty. It consists of Imperial Soup, Imperial Lady Soup, Star Soup, Shangshi Soup and Taizi Soup. The protective building of Guifeichi site is a square vault, and other buildings are rectangular palaces.
Huaqing Pool was built on the site of Huaqing Palace in Tang Dynasty, with Lishan Mountain in the south, Weishui River in the north and Xi 'an 30 kilometers in the east. It is a famous tourist attraction at home and abroad. Huaqing Pool is a hot spring bath in Huaqing Palace in Tang Dynasty, which is famous for its hot springs and beautiful scenery. According to legend, Li Palace was built here, and Qin Shihuang built a room with stones, named "Goddess of Tangquan". Li Palace was expanded during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it was expanded on a large scale in the Tang Dynasty, especially the palaces and pavilions built during the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty were more luxurious. Hot springs are developed into pools, which are placed in palaces and called "Huaqing Palace". Because the palace was built on a hot spring, it was named "Huaqing Palace".
Huaqingchi is a famous tourist attraction with a history of six years and is listed as a national key scenic spot protection area. Relying on the geographical advantages of Gyeonggi, the beautiful scenery of Mount Li and natural hot springs, the emperors who built Du 'an in previous dynasties especially loved this land of feng shui.
The Dragon Bridge in the Kowloon Lake area stands by the waves, with willows turning over the shore, dragons spitting out clear springs and sparkling lakes. More than a dozen ancient buildings with carved beams and painted buildings, such as Feixiatang, Chenxiangtang, Yichun Hall, Longyinxie, Longshifang and Jiuqu Cloister, are resplendent and magnificent, surrounded by lakes, and strewn at random. Shi Niu, stone lions, stone statues and natural stone tablets set each other off. At this time, tourists feel relaxed and happy, and it is difficult to argue with the world.
Yuan Huanyuan is the old garden of Huaqing Pool, in which Lotus Pavilion, Wanghulou, Feihongqiao, Wanghe Pavilion, Feixiatang, Tongyinxuan, Chess Pavilion, Monument Pavilion and the five pavilions where Chiang Kai-shek stayed during the Xi 'an Incident crisscrossed. After a century of wind and rain baptism, the gardens around the park are more simple and elegant. The museum of Yutang Site of Qing Palace in Tang Dynasty was built in 1990. Walking among the ruins such as Lotus Soup, Begonia Soup, Star Soup and Shangshi Soup not only reminds people of the charm of Yang Guifei's It's Early Spring. They let her bathe in the pure flower pond to warm and smooth her creamy crystal skin. " Rest in the former site of the Tang Dynasty Liyuan, and you can enjoy the exquisite imitation of Tang music and dance and the Tang Dynasty court tea ceremony. The hot spring hotel with complete facilities and excellent service is waiting for guests.
The central area is the museum of the imperial soup ruins of the Qing Palace in Tang Dynasty. There are Lotus Seed Soup, Begonia Soup, Prince Soup, Shangshi Soup, Chen Xing Soup, Cultural Relics Showroom and Emperor-level medicated bath in the area. It is said that Yang Guifei has won "only three thousand thanks in one" for a long time, and Tang Xuanzong is still charming in his sixties and seventies, which has a lot to do with his long-term medicinal bath in Huaqing Palace. In the west, there are large murals of Jiulong Lake, Feixia Hall and Yang Yuhuan Zhao Feng Hot Spring Palace.
After archaeological excavations in recent years, the site of Tangliyuan was discovered within the protection scope of the Qing Palace in the Tang Dynasty, and five sites of Royal Tangchi, such as Lotus Soup (Imperial Soup) and Begonia Soup (Guifei Pool), and a large number of building materials were cleared up. At the same time, the Neolithic sand-bearing argillaceous pottery pieces were found under the Tang and Han cultural layers, which provided precious physical basis for studying the history of Huaqingchi.
Covering an area of 85,560 square meters, a gold plaque inscribed by Guo Moruo hangs in the eastern part of Huaqingchi. There are Lotus Pavilion, Feixia Pavilion, Wujiantang (where Chiang Kai-shek once lived during the Xi Incident) and other buildings in the area, among which Ode to Hot Springs on the stone wall of hot springs is a fine work in the art treasure house of inscriptions in China. The central area is the museum of the imperial soup ruins of the Qing Palace in Tang Dynasty. There are lotus seed soup, begonia soup, prince soup, Shangshi soup, star soup and cultural relics showroom in the area. There are large-scale murals of Jiulong Lake, Fei Xia Hall and Zhao Feng Hot Spring Palace in Yang Yuhuan, which are composed of 90 pieces of white marble, 9.15m long and 3.6m high. It describes that in the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty summoned Yang Yuhuan at Lishan Hot Spring Palace for the first time.
The hot springs in Huaqingchi are very famous. Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties were all royal baths, and Yang Guifei was once "it was early spring. They let her bathe in the pure flower pond to warm and smooth her creamy crystal skin. " There are now four springs in Huaqing Pool, with a total flow of 1 10 tons per hour and a water temperature of 43 degrees all year round. Water contains a variety of minerals and organic substances suitable for bathing and recuperation, which can treat diseases such as rheumatism, joint pain, dermatosis and dyspepsia. At present, there are two palace bathrooms and more than 20 male and female baths, including single pool, double pool and family pool, which can be used by more than 100 people.
Yan 'an Huangdi Mausoleum Scenic Area
Huangdi Mausoleum is located at the top of Qiaoshan Mountain in the north of huangling county, Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province. Huangdi was a great tribal leader at the end of primitive society in China. The yellow emperor's surname is gongsun. Because he is longer than Ji Shui, he is surnamed Ji. He once lived in Xuanyuan Mountain (now Xuanyuan Mountain, Xinzheng County, Henan Province) and was named Xuanyuan. The ancestral home is a bear, but there is a bear in Naihao. Also because of advocating soil morality, the soil is yellow, so it is called Yellow Emperor. Huang Di was born in Shouqiu, Shandong, died in Jingshan, Henan and was buried in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi. Huangdi went down in history with the great achievement of unifying the Chinese nation for the first time. He planted hundreds of plants and trees, vigorously developed production, created characters, started making clothes, built boats and cars, invented compasses, fixed arithmetic, created melodies and created medicine. He is the ancestor who initiated the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.
Huangdi Mausoleum is located in Qiao Shan, surrounded by meandering water, mountains and towering cypresses, with green seasons and elegant environment. There is a road under the mountain, leading to the top of the mountain and leading to the tomb. The high stone tablet in the center of the pavilion is engraved with Guo Moruo's title "Huangdi Mausoleum" in three Chinese characters. The stone tablet behind the pavilion says "Qiaoshanlong". Huangdi Mausoleum is located in the middle of the top of the mountain. The mausoleum is 3.6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference. There is a high platform dozens of meters in front of the mausoleum. According to legend, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty marched to the north, where he offered sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor and built a platform to pray for mountains, hence the name "Hanwu Sendai".
The Yellow Emperor Temple is square, with its gate facing south and imposing momentum, and the word "Xuanyuan Temple" is written on its forehead. There is a main hall in the temple with a large plaque with the words "ancestor of mankind" hanging on his forehead. There is a huge memorial tablet of the Yellow Emperor in the center of the hall, which reads "Xuanyuan Huangdi Position". The "Yellow Emperor planted cypress" in the temple courtyard is said to have been planted by the Yellow Emperor himself, more than 4,000 years ago. Giant cypress height 19 m, under the trunk 10 m. There is a saying that "the seventh floor is eight and a half, Gree Pagoda is not counted", and it is known as the father of cypress trees in the world. Another tall cypress tree is said to be the "weeping cypress" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also known as "general cypress". There is a tablet pavilion in the temple, which contains about 50 stone tablets. The contents are mainly the "imperial sacrifices" of emperors in previous dynasties and the records of the tombs in previous dynasties.
Since ancient times, Qiao Shan jathyapple, Qushui Autumn Wind, Huanggu Huanghua, Beiyan Qingxue, Longwan Xiaowu, Fengling Chunyan, Hanwu Sendai and Xuanyuan Ancient Temple have been around the Mausoleum, among which Xuanyuan Ancient Temple is the best scenic spot in Qiao Shan.
Huangdi Mausoleum, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, is known as the first mausoleum in China. For thousands of years, people have come here in Tomb-Sweeping Day to pay homage to the mausoleum.
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