1. Teaching material basis
"Looking at the Dongting" in Lesson 3 of "Two Ancient Poems" in the fourth grade Chinese language volume of the Jiangsu Education Edition is written by Liu Yuxi, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, in the autumn. Made while passing through Dongting on the way.
2. Design Thoughts
The poem "Looking at Dongting" chooses the perspective of looking into the distance on a moonlit night. Through rich imagination and vivid metaphors, it vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of Dongting on a moonlit night. Jumping onto the paper. The Dongting landscape on a moonlit night described by the poet has become an exquisite craft treasure, giving people great artistic enjoyment. The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" point out: "Third- and fourth-year students should recite excellent poems and essays, and pay attention to experiencing emotions and comprehending the content during the recitation process." Middle-grade students already have a certain ability to learn independently, and they must truly put the learning content into practice in class. The initiative is returned to students, and teachers can effectively promote and support teaching behaviors to help students break through difficult teaching points and organize students to learn happily in a relaxed and free classroom environment. The multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner of Harvard University in the United States has completed the criticism and construction of traditional intelligence theory. This class will use this theory as a support and focus on the cultivation of each student's dominant intelligence through effective teaching design to achieve " Integration of three-dimensional” teaching objectives.
3. Teaching objectives
Cognitive objectives: read and recite ancient poems correctly, fluently and emotionally.
Ability goal: be able to rely on text illustrations or understand the main ideas of ancient poems; recite other ancient poems by Liu Yuxi outside class.
Emotional goals: comprehend the artistic conception of ancient poems, experience the poet’s thoughts and feelings, stimulate students’ love and praise for Dongting Lake, and enable students to be influenced by beauty.
IV. Teaching Focus
Imagine the beautiful scene described in this poem, and feel the softness, brightness and exquisiteness of the Dongting landscape on a moonlit night described by the poet. Recite ancient poems.
5. Teaching Difficulties
Understand the words "two phases and", "silver plate" and "green snail", understand the poetic context, and understand the poet's love and praise for Dongting Lake. Affection.
6. Teaching preparation:
1. Data collection: the life of the author Liu Yuxi, the legend of Junshan
2. Audio-visual teaching aids: slides, text audio tapes
3. Physical preparation: white plate, green snails
7. Teaching process:
(1) Read the whole book and perceive the beauty.
1. Introduction: Classmates, our great motherland is vast, rich in resources, with beautiful mountains and green waters, and is so beautiful. In today's lesson, we will follow in the footsteps of Liu Yuxi, a poet from the Tang Dynasty, and take a walk around Dongting Lake in Yueyang, Hunan.
Writing on the blackboard: Looking at Dongting
2. Name Liu Yuxi and Dongting Lake whom you know.
(Liu Yuxi was a thinker, politician, and writer in the Tang Dynasty. His courtesy name was Mengde. He was from Luoyang. Liu Yuxi was good at poetry, writing, and calligraphy. He is the author of "Collection of Liu Guests". Dongting Lake, my country The second largest freshwater lake stretches for 800 miles, with vast mist, water and sky, sunrise and sunset, and a variety of weather conditions)
3. Play the reading recording, and students will listen to the reading while looking at the illustrations, and feel the overall beauty. .
4. Practice reading by yourself to achieve correctness and fluency.
5. Check each other's readings in the same position, and strive for everyone to pass the test.
(Note: Introducing Liu Yuxi’s life and Dongting Lake to examine students’ ability to collect information before class and stimulate students’ desire to read poetry. As the saying goes, “If you don’t accumulate small steps, you will reach a thousand miles.” Everyone should be familiar with ancient poems. Passing the test is a good start for the next step of teaching)
(2) Understand reading and gain insight into beauty.
1. Introduction: The purpose of learning ancient poetry is to read its charm and artistic conception. What preparations should be done to read ancient poetry well?
2. Students express their opinions.
3. When students read poetry, first talk about the meaning of the words they can understand.
(1) Free understanding.
(2) Discussion within the group.
(3) Whole class communication.
(Phase: Mutual Harmony: Harmony Mirror: Bronze Mirror, metaphor of the water surface of Dongting Lake
Unpolished Mirror: Unpolished Bronze Mirror Looking into the distance: Looking into the distance)
Focus on the discussion of "Unpolished Mirror": Why is the lake surface compared to an unpolished bronze mirror?
Guide students to imagine: The author observed it at night. Under the moonlight, the lake surface was hazy and not very clear, and the unpolished bronze mirror should have a vague feeling.
4. Rely on the text illustrations to describe the main idea of ??the ancient poem.
(1) Guide students to observe the text illustrations, use their imagination, and boldly describe the meaning of ancient poems.
(2) Practice speaking in the group. Let the students who usually don’t like to speak speak first, and the other students will make up for it.
(3) Name your name and come to the stage to read the illustrations and explanations on the projection.
Focus on guiding the understanding of "a green snail on a silver plate":
Teacher demonstrates: There is a green snail on a large white plate.
Let students talk about their feelings after seeing it.
Question: What does the "silver plate" in the poem refer to? What does "One Green Snail" mean?
Compare it with the text illustrations to gain insight into the beauty of art.
(The main idea of ??the ancient poem: On an autumn night, the water of Dongting Lake is clear and transparent, complementing the clear light of the bright moon, making it appear very peaceful and harmonious; there is no wind on the lake, and the misty lake surface is like an unpolished bronze mirror. . Under the bright moonlight, the green Junshan Mountain and the clear lake water are integrated together. From a distance, they look like a small and exquisite green snail on a silver plate.)
5. Practice reading. , read the charm of the poem and feel the artistic conception of the poem.
(1) Practice reading freely and imagine the pictures.
(2) Competent reading and appreciation of illustrations.
(3) Display the reading and beautify the poetic environment.
6. Reciting ancient poems will come naturally.
(Note: There are paintings in poems, and when reading poems, one must imagine and reproduce the scenes in the poem; there are poems in paintings, and when reading poems, one must appreciate the description of the scenes in the poem’s exquisite language. It is like a poem or a painting, and you must appreciate it. Poems and paintings, the conciseness of ancient poetry leaves readers with a very broad space for imagination. By inspiring students' imagination, it fills in the subtleties and jumps of the poems and enriches the language and pictures of the poems. Students can imagine while reading the poems, such as Being in the scene is like hearing the sound.)
(3) Comparative reading to deepen the beauty.
1. Projection:
Looking at the Dongting
The mirror on the surface of the pool has not been polished, and there is no goggle on the surface of the pool.
The lake The light, autumn and moon are harmonious. The lake light and autumn moon are harmonious.
Looking at the color of the Dongting mountains and rivers,
There is a green snail in the plate. A green snail on a silver plate.
2. Comparative reading, comparing the differences in content, and talking about the subtleties of the original poem.
3. Communicate with each other on the basis of free understanding.
4. Report by name. (It is precisely because there is no wind that the lake surface is so peaceful and harmonious; it is precisely because the author is looking at the mountains and rivers of Dongting from a distance that Junshan appears small and exquisite; the reason why it is a "silver plate" is precisely because it is under the silver light of the bright moon.) < /p>
5. Read the original poem again to deepen its beauty.
(Note: Poetry can express aspirations and convey feelings. Ancient poetry is a concentration of language, and concentration is often the essence. As a unique and precious cultural heritage in China, students can realize the refinement and beauty of the language of ancient poetry. , not only can deepen students' understanding of the content of ancient poems, but also arouse students' love for the ancient culture of the motherland)
(4) Extended reading to sublimate the beauty.
1. Projection:
Tijunshan Tijunshan
Yong Tao Fanggan
The smoke and waves do not move and the shadow sinks, once in I saw Magu outside.
The blue color was not as deep as the emerald color. It is said that Junshan has not existed since ancient times.
It is suspected to be the place where Narcissus washes himself. It is originally a stone on the top of Kunlun Mountain.
A snail is in the center of the indigo mirror. The sea breeze blows down Dongting Lake.
2. After free practice reading, read by name.
3. Teacher: Since ancient times, the origin of Junshan has been full of magic. There are different opinions and many beautiful legends have been circulated.
4. Tell the legends about Junshan collected before class by name.
It is said that in ancient times, there was no island in Dongting Lake. Whenever there are strong winds and white waves, the ships have nowhere to dock and are often engulfed by the waves, making the local people miserable. This incident aroused the sympathy of the 72 underwater snail girls. They reluctantly took off their snail shells and formed small islands. Later, they were connected together to form Junshan today. The 72 peaks on Junshan Mountain were created by 72 snail girls.
It is also said that more than 4,000 years ago, Emperor Yu was on a tour to the south. His two beloved concubines, Ehuang and Nvying, came later, but the ship was blocked by wind and waves in Dongting Mountain. Suddenly hearing that Emperor Yu had died in Cangwu (now Wuzhou City, Guangxi), the second concubine was so sad that she held the bamboo and looked south, shedding tears. The teardrops sprinkled on the bamboo, showing spots, so it became the bamboo growing in the north of Junshan. "Xiangfei Bamboo" is also called "Mottled Bamboo". The second concubine also died due to excessive grief and was buried here. Therefore, there is the tomb of the second concubine at the east foot of Junshan Mountain. There is a poem among the people that says: "Emperor Yu went on a tour to the south and did not return, and the two concubines were resentful in the clouds and waters. I know how many tears I shed at that time, and it is still today that Zhu Shangban." In front of the tomb of the two concubines, there is "The Tomb of Emperor Yu's Second Concubine". The stele is surrounded by solid stone pillars with reliefs of unicorns, lins, lions and elephants carved on them. In front of the tomb is a pair of stone pillars, with a couplet engraved on them: "The two souls of the king and concubine will be fragrant through the ages, and the mangosteen will be full of tears." The second concubine was called Junfei and Xiangfei. In order to commemorate them, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan, also called Xiangshan. It is said that this is the origin of the names Junshan and Xiangshan.
What’s interesting is that Junshan also has guilt legends in history. According to legend, Qin Shihuang was on a hunting tour of the world. When the boat passed Junshan, there was a sudden storm. The first emperor was furious and said: "I am the emperor who is destined to sail on the boat. It should be calm. Who is so bold as to dare to make waves?" Then, he Then he asked the people around him: "Where is this place?" The courtier replied that it was Junshan. When the First Emperor heard this, he became even more angry and said, "In the whole world, I am the only king. How come the mountain is also called the king?" He then ordered three thousand prisoners to cut down all the trees in the mountain, and ordered to inscribe on the stone walls. Mountain closure order. Today, a stone seal can still be seen on the stone wall near the lake, which is 1 meter long and 0.8 meters wide. The handwriting is vaguely legible and seems to be the word "Yongfeng", commonly known as the "Sealing Mountain Seal".
4. Read two more poems "Inscribed on Junshan", and the magical beauty of Dongting Lake and Junshan sublimates in my mind.
(Note: There are poems within poems and poems outside poems. Poems are linked to poems and poems are compared to poems. Optimizing and combining related poems not only deepens the understanding of the original teaching materials, but also enriches and expands them. The learning content allows students to understand the method of comparison in learning ancient poetry. Beautiful legends naturally arouse students' imagination and perform wonderful readings. This is an extension of the teaching content and a ladder for students' emotional sublimation)
(5) Diverse homework, beautiful expression.
1. Write: Imagine the scenery depicted in this poem and write it down.
2. Draw a picture: Use colorful brushes to express the scenery described in this poem.
3. Search: Collect other poems by Liu Yuxi and communicate with classmates.
(Note: A ruler is short, an inch is long; things are insufficient, wisdom is unclear. Students’ interests are different. Traditional single homework is difficult to cater to the tastes of all students , giving students an opportunity to choose, which is conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and the development of students' multiple intelligences)
8. Teaching reflection
Advocating reality, aesthetics, and intelligence
< p>――Reflection after teaching "Looking at the Dongting"Advocating truth. Classroom teaching focuses on embodying the "three realities". The "three realities" are truth, simplicity and solidity. The teaching objectives of this course are determined with the word "real" in mind, follow the rules of poetry teaching, be people-oriented, pay attention to life, and lead students step by step into the artistic conception of poetry and into the poet's life. Make full use of resources inside and outside the classroom, effectively organize students' learning activities, pay attention to students with learning difficulties, and make the classroom open to all, so that every student has the opportunity to show his or her talents. For example, when reading ancient poems for the first time, everyone passes the test and is correct and fluent; the meaning of ancient poems is exchanged within the group, and students with learning difficulties are allowed to speak first. The barrel principle tells us that the amount of water a barrel can hold depends on the shortest piece of wood. For all students, we must take care of students with learning difficulties. They generally have weak language intelligence. Let them "think out loud" and make them realize that the classroom exists fairly because of them. This will surely raise their confidence sails. Naturally, there is no need to raise their sails. The whip cries vigorously.
Beautiful. Zhuangzi once said: “The great beauty of heaven and earth cannot be described.
"Ancient poetry is a beautiful art, and "Looking at the Dongting" can be called a classic of beauty. The poem incorporates a lot of the author's imagination, which is a combination of reality and fantasy. Because of this, it adds some magical colors and beauty to this ancient poem. , both real and imaginary, the author’s deep love for Dongting’s landscape is vividly displayed on the page. “The person writing the text is moved and leaves his post, and the person reading the text puts it aside and enters the country. "Wen Yiduo also said that since it is poetry, it must have "the art of poetry, the imagination of poetry, and the emotion of poetry. In the kingdom of poetry, it is better to have a little more aristocratic spirit than to promote a civilian style." Students should If you want to achieve beautiful reading and recitation, you will inevitably have an emotional resonance with the author, which requires you to use your imagination, concentrate on chanting, gain insight into the inner world of the poet, and understand the artistic conception of the ancient poem. Comprehensive reading, comparative reading, extended reading, and various assignments, from the shallower to the deeper, from the outside to the inside, from inside the classroom to outside the classroom, all step by step to create a learning environment for students to read beautifully.
Intelligence. The theory of multiple intelligences gives a new definition of intelligence. It believes that everyone is born with 8 kinds of intelligence and has at least one advantageous intelligence. Advantageous intelligence can drive weak intelligence and achieve all-round development in the classroom. Multiple senses are involved in learning, allowing students with different intelligence strengths to find their preferred learning method. Guide students to look at pictures to cultivate students' natural observer intelligence and visual-spatial intelligence; let students explain in front of the stage to cultivate language and speech intelligence; let students imagine pictures. , cultivate visual spatial intelligence...
In short, I strive to practice the recitation requirements put forward by Mr. Ye Shengtao in the teaching of ancient poetry: "For students to recite, they should regard it as a kind of enjoyment rather than as a A burden. I read it again and again to get into tune, and I feel more familiar with it. I don't want to be able to recite it earlier, and naturally reach the state of proficiency. ”