1. Sino-Japanese exchanges began in the Han Dynasty
In the 1st century AD, Ban Gu's "Han Shu" mentioned in "Geography" that "there were Japanese people in Lelang Sea. Divided into more than a hundred countries", which refers to the people on Kyushu Island in southern Japan. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", in 57 AD (the second year of Emperor Guangwu's reign), Japan and China began to communicate, and Emperor Guangwu granted them a seal and ribbon. In the 18th century, a gold seal excavated in Fukuoka, northern Kyushu, was engraved with the words "King of the Han Wen slaves" (this seal is collected in the Fukuoka City Museum), which physically proves that China and Japan had established close relations 1,900 years ago. .
2. Japan sent envoys to the Sui Dynasty
In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified China. At that time, Japan was under the regency of Prince Shotoku (574-622). In order to speed up the transplantation of advanced Chinese culture, Prince Shotoku began to send envoys, overseas students, scholarly monks, etc. to China in the 7th century AD. Since then, there has been an endless flow of envoys between the two countries, and the friendly relations between the two countries have entered a new stage.
In 607, Prince Shotoku appointed Ono Meizi as an envoy to visit the Sui Dynasty. It is generally believed that this was the beginning of Japan's dispatch of envoys to the Sui Dynasty. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty also appointed Lin Wenlang and Fei Shiqing as envoys in 608 to accompany the Japanese envoys back home. According to the "Book of Sui "Eastern Yi Zhuan", the Japanese emperor built a new hotel for this purpose and sent 30 colorful boats to warmly welcome him. When the Sui envoys entered the Japanese capital, the Japanese side sent hundreds of people to "set up a guard of honor and beat drums and horns to welcome them." A grand reception was given.
3. The Bridge of Friendship - Sending Envoys to the Tang Dynasty
my country's economy and culture developed rapidly in the Tang Dynasty, which had a positive impact on surrounding countries. According to Japanese history books, since then. In the more than 200 years from 630 to 894, Japan appointed envoys to the Tang Dynasty 19 times. One of them was to welcome the Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty to return to China, which was called "Welcome to the Tang Dynasty", and three times were to return the envoys of the Tang Dynasty to Japan. , called "the envoy to the Tang Dynasty", there were two other appointments that were terminated, and there were 13 official dispatches to the Tang Dynasty.
The number of envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty by Japan in the early days was not large, and they were generally sent each time. One or two ships were dispatched, each carrying about 120 people. After the 8th century, the scale expanded, the organization was complete, and the system was generally fixed. Generally, five or six hundred people came to China in four ships at a time. Therefore, " "Four ships" has become synonymous with the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty in the literary works of the time. The officials sent to the Tang Dynasty include ambassadors, deputy envoys, judges, and recorders. One of their important tasks is to welcome and send off foreign students and learned monks. Many envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty, students and The scholarly monk's academic and artistic achievements are still widely praised today.
As a response to the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty sent envoys to Japan many times, and the relationship between China and Japan was also strengthened. In 621, the Tang Dynasty began to issue currency "Kaiyuan Tongbao" with the envoys from the two countries. It was brought into Japan in large quantities through Chinese envoys and Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty. It was discovered in large quantities throughout Japan from Hokkaido in the north to Kyushu in the south. There are tens of thousands of them. In October 1970, five Hekuo square hole "Hetong Kaier" silver coins were unearthed in Hejia Village in the southern suburbs of Xi'an, China, the original site of Xinghuafang in Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. It was cast and issued in the first year of the Tong Dynasty (708) in the shape of the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" of the Tang Dynasty.
4. Tang imperial poems presented to the envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty
Li Longji, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, met with the envoy Fujiwara Qinghe and wrote poems. To send each other off, the poem goes:
The sun is not ordinary, the sky is full of glory
I miss you and I am afraid of the long journey.
The rising sea. In the wide autumn moon, the returning sail sails soaring in the evening.
Because of the surprise of the gentleman, the king is far away.
V. The Emperor of Japan and the "Han Poetry"
Emperor Saga ( 786-842) ascended the throne in 809 and reigned for 14 years. Emperor Saga was well versed in classics and history, good at poetry and prose, and was good at calligraphy. He was known as one of Japan's "three great calligraphers" during his reign. He vigorously promoted Sinology (Sinology refers to Chinese culture, especially the culture of the Tang Dynasty at that time), which played a great role in promoting the prosperity of Sinology in Japan. The following Chinese poems (directly using Chinese characters to write poems are called "Han" in Japan. Poem") three poems, which can be seen.
Watching the ball in early spring
The misty scenery of spring clears up early in the morning, making passengers come out of the vestibule when traveling.
The staff flies back into the air In the early month of Suspicion, the ball is flying around like a shooting star.
The gates are competing with each other on the left and right, and the crowds are stepping on the branches with the sound of thunder.
The loud shouts and drums urge the urgent work, and the viewers still think that it is easy to succeed.
Drinking tea with Haigong and sending him back to the mountain
The Taoism and the secular world have been separated for several years, and we have a good relationship this autumn.
After drinking the fragrant tea, the clouds are dusk, and I look at the clouds and smoke with my head hurt.
Yu Gezi
The willows are tangled at the crossing of the river, and the fishermen board the boat to be fascinated by the smoke.
Riding in the spring, when you are bored, you must not bring the wind when you ask for fish. .
The fisherman does not remember the passage of time, and the boat is drowned and returned to the old boat.
The heart works by itself, and the gulls often watch, and the peach blossoms bring good pleasure to the spring water.
The bridge across the river is under the youthful forest, and the lake water gracefully floats into the sky.
The tourists on the waves are fishing in boats far away, and the tide is always coming and going.
Fishing in the Nile River by the stream, there are so many water accommodations in the world,
Idle fishing and drunkenness, singing alone, the waves are floating in the waves.
The clouds are clear at the spring dawn on the Hanjiang River, and the flowers on both sides of the bank are flying and brighter at night.
I eat fish and soup and water shield soup. After the meal, I sing and walk with the moon.
6. Li Bai’s friend Abe Nakamaru (Chao Heng)
Abe Nakamaru (698-770), whose Chinese name was Chao Heng, came to Chang’an to study with the Tang Dynasty envoy at the age of 19. He was a good friend of famous poets Li Bai, Wang Wei and others in the Tang Dynasty. He served in the Tang Dynasty, ranging from secretary to supervisor (equivalent to director of the National Library). In 753, he returned to China with the Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty and was appointed as an envoy to visit Japan on behalf of the Tang Dynasty. Before leaving, Abe wrote a "homeward-looking poem": Looking up at the long sky, longing for the bright full moon on the top of Mikasa Mountain near Nara. Many Chinese poets also gave farewell poems. Chao Heng encountered a storm at sea on his way back to China. When the news reached Chang'an, his friends thought he had died. Li Bai once wrote a poem to cry for him: "Japanese Chao Qing resigned from the imperial capital, and the expedition sails circled the Penghu. The bright moon did not return and sank into the blue sea. , the white clouds filled the sky with sadness." Later, Chao Heng drifted to Vietnam with the broken ship, then trekked back to Chang'an, and finally died of old age in China. Chao Heng lived in China for 54 years, and his activities left a touching chapter in the history of Sino-Japanese relations. In 1982, the Abe Nakamaro Monument was built in Xi'an.
7. Japanese monk Kukai and Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China