So what is it like to fall in love for the first time? We will think of a word "eye margin". Eye margin is an intuition, but all the rational beauty is shattered in front of it. Yes, in real life, sometimes from a rational point of view, she is indeed a perfect girl or a perfect young man, but she just can't make people feel excited. Why is intuitive You Mei in rational beauty? This is indeed a question worth thinking about.
Calligraphy has a similar problem. Some calligraphy works are full of beauty at a glance; In some calligraphy works, we only feel beauty in reason, but we can't feel beauty in our senses. It seems that calligraphy also has eye problems. Of course, it would be great if you have both perceptual beauty and rational beauty. Peng said in the article "From pleasing to pleasing to the eye": "In the stage of perceptual knowledge, there are mainly the quick and comfortable feelings of the senses and the general satisfaction experience; After entering the stage of rational knowledge, it is mainly emotional touch, spiritual satisfaction and pleasure, which leads to intoxication and ecstasy. The former gives people the feeling of' pleasing to the eye', while the latter gives people the feeling of' pleasing the heart and pleasing the spirit'. Although the pleasant feeling of aesthetic feeling is often based on the former, it is the characteristic of the latter. " He went on to further explain: "The aesthetic feeling is characterized by the joyful feelings for beauty, that is, the spiritual satisfaction and intoxication caused by the understanding of beauty, that is,' pleasing the heart and pleasing the spirit'. The understanding of beauty is an image thinking activity that integrates sensibility and rationality, individual and generality, phenomenon and essence, content and form, and it includes various psychological functions such as perception, association, imagination and understanding. " This passage clearly shows that the understanding of true beauty is the harmonious unity of direct beauty and rational beauty.
So, can we say that intuitive beauty is shallow and rational beauty is profound? I don't think so. It should be said that intuitive beauty is simple in essence and rational beauty is rich and profound. For example, natural beauty, ordinary people just feel a single pleasure, but it contains the essential aesthetic ideal in people's subconscious; People with aesthetic cultivation will see rich and profound beauty such as harmony, quality and morality under the action of empathy. Hegel said: "Natural beauty also gets a special certificate because of feeling and fit state of mind. ..... The meaning here does not belong to the object itself, but lies in the awakened mood. We even say that animals are beautiful if they show some kind of soul expression and human characteristics, such as courage, strength, agility and kindness. On the one hand, this kind of performance is inherent in objects and shows one aspect of animal life. On the other hand, this kind of performance is related to people's concepts and unique feelings. " Sun Wenxian also said in On the Significance of Emotion in Aesthetics: "The deeper the subject's understanding of the value content contained in the object of beauty, the richer the emotional experience; The richer the aesthetic emotion, the deeper the perception, the more active the imagination, and the more valuable knowledge can be excavated from limited and specific objects, thus reflecting the beautiful objects more profoundly. " This is all from the rich and profound.
It seems that intuitive beauty, although not rational beauty in analyzing the characteristics of feeling beauty, also contains subconscious rationality. It includes three levels: first, the subconscious rationality contained in the genetic inheritance of national culture; One is the rationality that the cultural connotation formed by people in the cultural circle gradually precipitates in the subconscious; There is also the rationality of some feelings and ideas accumulated in the subconscious through aesthetic education. We appreciate calligraphy intuitively, relying on these subconscious rationality in the sixth sense. If we think beauty, it is that calligraphy works conform to this rationality. Jusack said: "One of the purposes of calligraphy art from early concreteness to abstraction is this change. Features can gradually dig out the deep desires and interests in human nature, and then they can be tasted, played, symbolized and connected with other inner essence. " Therefore, intuitive beauty is also closely related to rationality, which is often more psychological than rationality in conscious mind. The intuitive beauty is sometimes more grounded and can better reflect the aesthetic taste of the people. For example, a song is very popular among people who have no "musical ears" and "musical literacy". Can you call them superficial? If so, your profundity may make your works abandon sociality.
Calligraphy works with eye contact can sometimes be appreciated intuitively, even like listening to Wang Xiaoyu telling a story in Travel Notes of Lao Can. "In the internal organs, it is like an iron, and no place is stuck; Thirty-six thousand pores, such as eating ginseng fruit, are not carefree without pores. " This is not only consistent with the aesthetic taste in the subconscious, but also closely related to the aesthetic tendency of personality. In other words, such calligraphy works, the author's interest is like moonlight shining on the earth, which makes the characters have magical brilliance. The magic of moonlight, Buddha Zhang said in Notes of Plum Blossom Cottage: "Shao said:' Moonlight in the sky can move the world. "Sure enough, there are all kinds of common things, such as Fushan Rock Spring, Fansha Garden Pavilion, houses and bamboo forests. The moon shines deeply, but it is pure. Jin Yu wears a mellow color; Suffering is unbearable, and it is shocking to endure it; It's not unusual for you to see the shades of color. " The interest of calligraphy works, just like "moonlight", has great magic power, endowing the characters in calligraphy with spirituality, personality and "eyebrows" for emotional communication with you, which is in line with your subconscious interest, so it is bound to feel beautiful. Because it is subconscious, I often feel intoxicating, but it's hard to say. Zhang Dafu also said, "What color is the moon? What's the smell of water? What is the sound of touchless wind? What's the smell of embers? A person is sitting under the rest temple, silently reading, with a feeling of life in his chest, but he can't talk. What can he do? " Appreciating calligraphy is a common phenomenon. It seems that the aesthetic consciousness in the subconscious is sometimes not easy to enter the consciousness.
Does this mean that the perceptual beauty of calligraphy is the most real beauty? In fact, there is a situation that needs attention, that is, the calligraphy works with clumsy style, because the surface is clumsy and the deep beauty, there is a saying that "the stone is full of jade and the mountain is bright, and the water is full of pearls and rivers", so sometimes it seems that only rational calligraphy eyes can find it.
Hundreds of years ago, Fu Shan, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty, was also a leader in calligraphy. He said: "Ning Zhuo is not smart. He is ugly rather than flattering. He is fragmented rather than straightforward. He is better arranged." Some people say: "Clever as a carving, the beauty of carving, the wrong choice of golden carving, the lack of natural interest." In the final analysis, it is a small skill and affectation, which is a shortcoming. Extremely charming and weak, delicate and sweet, with a smooth face, round bones and vulgar spirit. "Therefore, he pursues natural, broad, magnificent, arrogant, masculine, strange, clumsy and solemn tastes. Because of this, some people deny the "cleverness" of calligraphy. If so, we can only deny the calligraphy of the book sage Wang Xizhi. In fact, we should also pay attention to another voice, such as Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty, who said, "Calligraphy is vivid, but clumsy is straightforward and not practical. What is even more ridiculous is that some people use "Ning Zhuo is not clever" to cover up their poor handwriting. Someone once said that "cleverness should be hidden in clumsiness". If you still fail under the surface, it can only be true stupidity.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Ruoxu said in Poems of Southern Hunan: "If skillful, its cleverness is insufficient, and the combination of skillful and clumsy makes people tired. Only when you are skilled and clumsy will you be skilled. " This is another way to deal with cleverness, and the juxtaposition of the two has its own comparative effect. Another kind of "clumsiness" is actually innovation. Song Cao said in "The Covenant of Calligraphy": "Practice makes perfect, clumsiness is more than cleverness, and then it is really clever." He also said that "books must be cooked by Mr., and then cooked." Mr. Wang's academic ability has not reached, and his heart and hand are opposite; Later generations will not take a different road and change for no reason. "The clumsiness of this kind of calligraphy is the pursuit of a kind of wild interest, which is really a realm formed by an impossible method. Because the clumsiness is a breakthrough in various rules of calligraphy, a transcendence of traditional aesthetic taste, and a unique discovery of vision, it is more innovative. Others say that cleverness in clumsiness is only for pursuing a naive or elegant style, that's all.
In short, the eye margin of calligraphy is actually about the visual effect of calligraphy. Some people say that it includes two levels. First, it can attract attention. To do this, we will naturally pursue ups and downs, abnormal brushwork, ugly form and huge space; Secondly, we can revel in the present, which means that we should not only pay attention to the visual impact of superficial content, but also pursue aesthetic connotation and elegant charm. Calligraphy naturally pursues the latter. And talking about eye contact does not exclude rational appreciation. You can't get rich aesthetic feeling without consciousness. Jusack said in The Significance of Calligraphy Visual Effects: "For example, we will appreciate the spiritual experience of Lu Xun's calligraphy works more deeply than our visual acceptance. The visual effect of Guo Moruo's calligraphy works is the most important, and the eager and flamboyant emotions, brilliant stretches and natural demeanor between the lines are fully revealed from the use of long lines. But there are Guo Shuxun and Lu Shu in the speech. " It just reflects the value of this slow taste. We hope that calligraphy works are really beautiful and durable, and can be recognized by the explicit consciousness and accepted happily by the hidden subconscious.