There are many famous stones in Beijing, but I don't know much about them. The author visited several famous stones in Beijing-the Jade Buddha and the Round Castle in Beihai, the Iron Shadow Wall in Chengguan Hall, the mundane mountains and the jade sea, the big stone face outside Chongwenmen and the "Fallen Stone" in front of the Leshou Hall in the Summer Palace to reveal the stories behind them.
Tuancheng Jade Buddha
With so many gates guarded, the great city of Beijing is safe and sound. The Forbidden City has also become a star-studded city in the city, and there is also the smallest city in Beijing-Tuancheng. This mound, once an island in the lake, has been built, destroyed, rebuilt and transformed into a "city of scenery" and a "city of stories". In this pearl-like town, small temples and jade Buddha statues in the temples have become a dazzling lamp in the bright light of the pearl, and its fate has risen and fallen like this city.
Some people say that it is a "friendship" bridge for foreign envoys to please Cixi Lafayette, which is specially purchased from foreign countries for the elderly and dedicated to the palace. This statement is more like the old flavor of many Beijing, hoping to get some royal popularity, such as gold plating, which is well-known in the market and famous all over the world.
About the origin of the Jade Buddha, we should start with a small temple called "Fumo 'an" in the northwest corner of Beijing, near Xizhimen. The owner of this small temple traveled around the world in his early years to collect food for the Beijing Temple. In the process of raising money, a beautiful white jade Buddha came from afar to settle in the temple. The jade Buddha with its own charm is exquisite and attractive, and the top of the Buddha is matched with dazzling gems. The Buddha's solemn and compassionate face and elegant and dignified robes also attracted believers to worship respectfully. Because of this, the reputation of the Jade Buddha is far-reaching. So the owner simply presented the jade Buddha to the royal family. Empress Dowager Cixi was also fond of the Jade Buddha and ordered it to be enshrined in Chengguang Hall.
Although the Jade Buddha has a new home, it still leaves many traces for his hometown. Just as the names of many temples have long been replaced by their typical buildings and magnificent scenery in public view, Miaoying Temple, for example, was upstaged by Anika, a great craftsman from afar, and was called "Baita Temple". Just like Zhenjue Temple, which was born with the long river, because of the rare King Kong throne tower in Beijing, it appeared in the name of "Five Pagodas Temple" in more people's mouths. Even Xihe Temple in Japan is simply called "Moss Temple" by the people because of the huge "appeal" brought by tiny moss. Because of the identity of the jade Buddha's hometown, "Fu Mo An" won another name-Jade Buddha Temple. The memory of the Jade Buddha Temple stretches for a hundred years, and time tassels can still be found in place names. Today's Yutaoyuan Community in Xinjiekou Street is the memory legacy of Jade Buddha Temple and Taoyuan.
There are many versions about the origin of jade Buddha. For example, the Emperor Temple in Xiguan, Beijing hosted a fund-raising in Myanmar, which was originally used by Cixi in the palace. However, due to the huge manpower and material resources, there are too many "noises" in the society, so we have to temporarily store them in Formo Temple. I think, although there is only one truth, it is precisely because on the way of information transmission, different versions and plots add speculation and legend to the real history, and also add a lot of interest.
Jade Buddha with stories not only adds a lot of interest to Beijing because of his own life experience, but also adds some materials to the media circle of 1923 Beijing.
"The Jade Buddha in Beihai and Round Castle is lost!" The beginning of such explosive news shocked the Beijing newspaper circle a hundred years ago. When the information came out, there was an uproar. Some people are saddened by the loss of the Jade Buddha and lament the current turmoil; Others analyzed the whole story, even related to the burning of Fu Jian Palace Garden in the Forbidden City. For a time, newspapers and tabloids published articles in succession, and speculations, arguments and appeals were endless.
"The Jade Buddha in Tuancheng, which has been reported missing before, has never left his throne. He is still sitting in the lobby of Tuancheng and has not moved away. " After a lapse of nearly a month, this news in the Morning Post quickly cooled down the hot spot of "Lost Jade Buddha". It turns out that the rumored loss of the jade Buddha is just a small jade Buddha, which has nothing to do with the big jade Buddha in Chengguang Hall.
Chengguantang Tie Ying nose
In Beijing's checkerboard urban layout, straight street is the main part, and inclined street attracts people's attention with its special extension direction. Gulou West Street is not only unique in hutong streets as an oblique street, but also becomes an important case of water system and traffic development in Beijing because of its long history and river evolution before the street. Today, this street has undergone several transformations and functional changes, and it has emerged as a more beautiful figure, bringing a touch of bright color to the protection of the old city of Beijing.
Tie Ying Wall Hutong is located in the middle of gulou west Street. The alley is not wide and winding. Neither body nor appearance can compare with its brothers and sisters, but it has become one of the most famous hutongs in Beijing.
According to legend, in the Yuan Dynasty, there was an ancient temple in Jiandemen, north of Deshengmen. Tourists often enter the gate, and they are attracted by the face-to-face scenery. This zhaobi is red, with a height of 1.89 m and a width of 3.56 m, and the top looks like an ancient building in China. It adopts the design of resting at the top of the mountain, and the roof, roof and dripping water are regular.
The wall is beautifully designed and carved, and a lifelike unicorn is playing with three babies, full of warmth. On the other hand, Kirin's father is majestic and surrounded by flowers and plants, which sets off the auspicious position of heaven and earth. The base design of zhaobi is not sloppy, and pegasus, lace and traditional decorative patterns are matched with each other. ...
With the change of dynasties, this exquisite zhaobi ushered in the first trough of fate. With the change of urban design and planning in Ming Dynasty, the once northern city wall moved south to Deshengmen and Andingmen, and was abandoned in the wilderness outside the city. It was not until the Ming City Wall began to take shape that Hongzhaobi was placed in front of Desheng Temple near Deshengmen Fruit City. The position change from the inside out and the special red color of the whole body give it a new name-iron shadow wall.
1947, the fate of the iron shadow wall was threatened again. A foreign face who came across the sea from England scanned China's treasure with greedy eyes, and finally focused on the iron screen wall. He knocked on the door of Desheng Temple many times and tried to buy it from the temple owner with a whole box of gold. After being rejected, the British were furious and prepared to steal when the night was dark and windy. After the monks discovered it, they decided to take turns guarding the national treasure. If the theft fails, the man simply grabs it openly. If it fails, he will hurt his black hand and directly smash the hammer at the screen. After several battles, the robbers were finally beaten away, but the iron screen wall was also injured.
The bullying of robbers caused a sensation in Beijing overnight, and people asked the government to punish the perpetrators and find a safer place for the movie screen. During the period of 1947, the Engineering Department of Beiping Cultural Relics Arrangement Committee of the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang Government sent a letter to Beihai Office to move the iron shadow wall to the front of Beihai City Museum. In 1980s, the pedestal of the iron shadow wall moved from the depths of hutong to Beihai Park, and the pedestal and shadow wall reunited. Now, crossing the Wulong Pavilion not far from the east, they will meet such a beautiful national treasure.
Dushan Dayuhai
Across the sea from the Iron Curtain, there is also a stone brother who "doesn't believe in fate and dares to turn over"-"Despise the Mountain and Jade Sea" located above Tuancheng. It sits firmly on the lotus seat of white marble, hidden deep in the exquisite pavilion, quietly enjoying the world.
"The height is 70cm, the width is 135cm, the length is 182cm, the circumference is 493cm, the caliber is 55cm, and the weight is 3.5t It is carved into ichthyosaurs and sea animals with vivid images ..." A document recorded the appearance and volume of this heavy weapon. The highlight moment of Yuhai originated from the record in yuan dynasty history after Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu entered the Central Plains: "In December of the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), Yuhai was desecrated and Guanghan Hall was built."
According to textual research, the original Guanghan Palace is about the location of the White Pagoda in Beihai Park today. As we all know, nomadic people have a generous personality, that is, eating large pieces of meat and drinking heavily. The birth of Yuhai is precisely for the sake of holding wine for a big banquet. According to legend, in order to make the jade sea, Kublai Khan used several craftsmen, and it took many years to dig out a complete jade. Yuhai can hold more than 30 stone wines, and Kublai Khan named it blasphemous Yuhai.
If you live like a dream, you can make a fool of yourself when you wake up. The wheel of the times has already traveled from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. In the seventh year of Wanli (1579), the memory of Duanyang, Guanghan Palace collapsed and the jade sea was deeply buried in the dust.
Near Xihuamen in the west of Beihai Park, there is an antique temple-Zhenwu Temple. When Yuhai appeared in front of the world again, it had "learned" a new skill-pickled vegetables. Everyone feels a little sour when wine turns into pickles, let alone jade sea. Once it was expensive to enter the house, sometimes it was wronged.
When there is always water in the hidden dragon, BMW Liangju needs a chance to enter the Qing Dynasty with Bole. In the fiftieth year of Kangxi (17 1 1), Zhenwu Temple was rebuilt and this "pickle chef" was discovered. Yuhai was invited to Kannonji, where pickles were replaced with clear water and decorated with rockeries. Because it looks like a bowl held by a walker, Zhenwu Temple was renamed Yubo 'an, and even the name of Hutong was changed to Yubo 'an. During the Qianlong period, an academician discovered Yuhai, and after repeated research, he thought it was the remains of Guanghan Palace in Yuan Dynasty a hundred years ago. After he reported this to Emperor Qianlong, Qianlong was ten years old (1745). The emperor ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to allocate silver to buy back Yuhai, specially made a white marble pedestal and put it in front of Chengguang Temple and Round Castle in Beihai today. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the emperor sent a man-made jade bowl to the Jade Bowl Temple and put it on the original base.
Times have changed. The base of the original Yubo Temple and Yubo Temple both moved into the new home of Fayuan Temple. The base of Yuan Dynasty and Yubo Temple in Qing Dynasty, this combination tells the fate history of a national treasure, and also witnessed the footsteps of time.
Broken stone of Wanshou Mountain in Genyue.
At the south gate of Beihai Park east of Ai 'an Temple, there is also a strange stone, which was born by Zhao Ji of Song Huizong.
In the seventh year of Zheng He, the garden in Hui Zong's heart began to take shape in real life. Long live the Mountain, later renamed Genyue and Shouyue. In order to build Genyue, Hui Zong used thousands of ships to transport stones, flowers and trees from the south of the Yangtze River. A large collection of Taihu stones not only adds the softness of Jiangnan water town to Shoushan Root Moon, but also adds many surprises to the garden because of its changeable posture.
However, excellent garden works cannot stop the decline of the dynasty. The voice of the nomads from behind drowned the Northern Song Dynasty, Qin Hui became a prisoner, and the Taihu Stone in Genyue became a trophy. When Jin Shizong was building Daning Palace, he sent people to Bianjing to transport the Taihu Stone of Genyue to Zhongdu, and countless people devoted themselves to this huge project for their livelihood. The Jin dynasty stipulated that the hard labor of transporting stones was tax-free, and the grain-folding tax was calculated according to the size and quantity of stones, so it was named "grain-folding stone" "Dieshiyan Temple, also in Jinyuan. Or cloud: This is the stone of Genyue in Song Dynasty. The Jin people carried this stone from the edge to the swallow, and each stone gave a certain amount of grain, commonly known as the grain-folding stone. " Jin Ao's hunger strike notes recorded this history.
The name "passbook valley" has been passed down for several dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, its identity finally changed from a "specimen" bearing the history of slavery of the working people to a landscape of the royal garden. Zhu Zhanji, Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, recorded in Guanghan Palace: "Long live the Mountain in the northwest corner of Miyagi, and there are piles of strange stones ... In Yongle, Taizong, the ancestor of Taizong, spent tens of thousands of hours swimming here, and the sky was full of joy ..." Now, on the back of the Chunyin Monument in Qiongdao, you can also see the imperial poem of Emperor Qianlong: "Genyue moves stones, and I ... lean on Lin Wei, who has a long and green rock. Lezhi Ji won a bumper harvest because he won every award. When spring is the most urgent, great songs will be played every time it gets dark. " Once the royal garden, now the public park, groups of people, smiling, the stone of the root moon has long been integrated into this happy scene.
If Evonne were here at this time, would he be immersed in the past, or would he add a touch of color to the beauty of life with everyone?
Dashiqian outside Chongwenmen
Beijing is a land with no shortage of stories, and the protagonist of the story will always retain the history of the city, just like the story of Chongwenmen and another big stone.
As the gateway of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Chongwenmen not only linked the evolution of Beijing pattern with its own development, but also left many interesting legends for Beijing. A stone leads to a period of history and determines your "vision" and "pattern".
Chongwenmen, known as Wenmingmen in Yuan Dynasty, appeared as one of the eleven gates in Yuan Dynasty, and guarded the east of Beijing with two other "brothers". During the Ming Dynasty, the layout of the capital changed, and eleven gates were changed to nine gates. Although the position of Chongwenmen has not changed, it has also undergone construction and improvement, and Wenmingmen was renamed Chongwenmen. Chongwenmen used to be very lively. "Civilization outside Liu Yin, hundreds of orioles to send good news. Looking back at the fishing ditch, Fengge has five clouds. " This is a poem in the Ming Dynasty's Gate of Civilization in Summer. In the Qing Dynasty, Chongwenmen had another nickname-Jiumen. Because Chongwenmen has become a gathering place for winemaking workshops, and the wine smells all the way in and out, the story of this big stone also comes from this scenery and this wine.
Mr. Fang Biao, an old writer who has published books such as Beijing Escort Bureau and Beijing Scholar-bureaucrat, shared such a story with me.
Chongwenmen is not only supported by the royal family, but also helped by people of insight. Because merchants and residents gathered around Chongwenmen at that time, everyone took it as their responsibility to repair the city, and many people donated money and materials. The emperor was very moved by the charity of the people, so he embedded a huge stone face on one wall of Chongwenmen, and engraved the name of the donor on the stone face, regardless of the amount of money and goods. The famous people on the list have doubled their sense of honor, and the descendants of their family are also looking for the "glorious mark" together because of this honor.
Therefore, seeing the big stone surface marks that the footsteps of the city people have stepped out of the battlefield; If you don't see a big stone face, it means that this person is cramped and only keeps his own acre and three points. Over time, the "big stone face" has become a "big world" which has been passed down from mouth to mouth. This is the origin of the phrase "I have never seen a big world".
But the legend is a legend after all, and it is unknown whether the great stone face ever existed, but the most fascinating thing is precisely the story of human nature extended by history in the process of transmission.
The "Fallen Stone" in front of the Leshou Palace in the Summer Palace
A large bluestone in the courtyard of Leshou Hall on the north bank of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace is 8 meters long, 2 meters wide and 4 meters high, and weighs about 20,000 kilograms. It "comfortably" enjoys the sunrise and sunset in the royal garden, and the three characters of "Qing Zhi Xiu" on its shoulder are the imperial calligraphy of Qianlong, which also carries a period of discord between the royal mother and son, so it also has an "elegant name"-the defeated stone.
"Well there are stones, three feet long and seven feet wide, and the color is green and moist. The spoon garden you want to achieve has only arrived in Liangxiang, and you have exhausted your efforts. " The famous painter of Ming Dynasty, Mi, described the birthplace of this stone in The Story of the Stone. Ge Yilong, a poet in the late Ming Dynasty, wrote in his travel notes "The Song of Guan Mi Zhao Zhong Yuan Shao Moving Strange Stones": "There are wild weeds in the north of Taqing Village, and the grass is abrupt and lonely. If you want to do it, if you are depressed, you will not have the light before the rain. Clouds dig mountains for the rice family, and thousands of people move to the sun. When he hesitated here, Qin's whip was helpless. The firewood falls in a forest, and the pillow is waiting for years. Maybe you need to use your hands skillfully, otherwise you can only be fascinated by mountains as soon as possible. I told him when I had to cross the Hunhe River. The ridge is empty for the shadow, and the whale stands on its back. Master is good at respecting stone masters, but sacred objects are unwilling to be caged. It is better to shelve this tree and live in Feilaifeng. " Reveals the "emotional entanglement" between this boulder and Mi Wanzhong.
Mi's calligraphy inherited the charm of Mi Fei, calling it "the Nangong family style touched by ten thousand bells". His family wealth and hobbies also show his strength. At that time, there was a saying of "four musts of Mijia", namely Mijia Courtyard, Mijia Stone, Mijia Lamp and Mijia Barrel. And his collection of strange stones has reached a famous level. When this "stone idiot" fell in love with this boulder at first sight, he immediately decided to "marry" this stone to his private house-Yuan Shao.
Because the stone was huge and difficult to transport, Mi Wanzhong spent almost all his money. He first customized special vehicles, bought horses, hired labor, excavated boulders, and then gradually transported them out of the mountain. When Amy was fighting with the stone, Wei Zhongxian framed him, and finally the plan to move the stone fell through. The stone stopped only when it reached Liangxiang. The tortuous fate of rice is said to be brought by this stone, hence the name "defeated stone".
The fate of "defeated stone" improved during the Qianlong period, but its "losing habit" was not corrected. One day, Emperor Qianlong went to Xiling to worship his ancestors and met Lingshi. The more Qianlong saw it, the more he liked it, so he moved this boulder to the front of the Happy Life Hall in Qingyi Garden. At that time, the main entrance of Leshou Hall had just been built, and we had to tear down the door and move stones. The queen mother heard about it, but she quit. This stone beat Mijia, and now it's tearing down my door? Ominous, no! No matter who you are or how old your title is, you have to listen to what your mother says if you don't want to, and so does Gan Long.
You don't have to say much if you know your mind. Faced with the dilemma of the dragon and the stone, the courtiers said: "The big stone looks like Ganoderma lucidum, which will definitely bring auspicious atmosphere to the royal family!" "People live a long life, and the imperial capital will last forever!" ..... The Queen Mother changed her mind in the sound of "Ode to Joy". The "Defeated Stone" turned into a "Qing Zhi Xiu" and got a poem entitled Emperor Qianlong, with the words "Li Anxiu" and "Yu Ying" inscribed on both sides. Great scholars Wang Youdun, Jiang Pu, Qian and other modern ministers also wrote poems and books in succession, which made this beautiful boulder bloom with auspicious and harmonious brilliance.
Photo courtesy/Lang Yong