It means: from, from
1. The combination of zi:
self-reliance, self-mockery, automaticity, inferiority, self-suicide, freedom, self-esteem, self-improvement and self-discipline
2. The stroke order of zi: < p Proud [zihá o]
I feel proud because I or the collective or individual related to me have good quality or achieved great achievements: ~ sense. With this ~.
2. Adverbs from [j ? z ?]
. Act on one's own initiative: he's gone.
3. [sΟ zì]
Behind the organization or related people, (doing things that do not conform to the rules and regulations): ~ Make a decision. This is public property and cannot be taken away.
5. Self-defense [ziwè i]
When you are violated by others' force, use force to defend yourself.
5. Alone [dü zü]
Just by yourself; Alone: ~ play. He is alone ~ at home. 2. What is the meaning of "self-command" in classical Chinese
There are two types of "self-command".
one is "zi" as the subject.
1. "Jiang" means that when you hold and carry, you will hold and keep it yourself.
2. When "General" leads the troops, he will personally command the troops.
the second is "self" as the object, and prepositional object is actually "Jiang Zi".
1. When "Jiang" is used for support and maintenance, it is also called "self-support (also called" self-support "prepositional object)". 2, "will" for security, is to save yourself.
3. When "Jiang" helps, he supports himself. For example, "self-help with a stick", using crutches to support yourself in walking.
how to understand this word in classical Chinese depends on the usage of "Jiang" and should be analyzed according to the context. 3. what is classical Chinese
classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.
the first "article" means a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "oral language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" means works, articles, etc., which means the genre.
"classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in common and straightforward oral language".
vernacular
in ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in oral language and written language. for example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in oral language as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is the treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum of middle schools.
Of course, the ancients in other countries also left a lot of classical Chinese.
what is classical Chinese? What is the meaning of classical Chinese?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is the main part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a more primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in the expression of ideas. Master the physical structure of classical Chinese, have a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and have a "law" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the opposite of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it points out that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was later written. The "written" language also has two meanings: first, a culture that can have language but no words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language but no words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: a style of a written language. The latter "text" refers to style.
So is there any "future" for classical Chinese besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will there be? I think there is. When the traditional form of life fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal areas, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern applications. For example, in religious construction, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, still written in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
If we zoom in, we can see that classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life. Only in the form of language, even people have left the oral language, and after it has become a writing, it is obvious that it has a definite normative requirement for the elaboration of skills and the expansion of ideographic expression. Its "future" lies in its application and its ability to awaken ambiguous etymologies and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.
The term "classical Chinese" can also contain the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced, while its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and is closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is a reservation of life experience and has no expansion performance of words.
in the process of reading classical Chinese, we inevitably have an illusion: did ancient people say the same thing? I think this can be "felt" by the difference in expression between written language and spoken language in the present tense, and there is no big difference in structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech was just more casual and more albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating what the ancients said, but reciting or silently reading a style.
When reading classical Chinese, I feel a very clear train of thought, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn. 4. what does classical Chinese mean?
1. definition: classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese.
Classical Chinese is an article composed of a written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, which is characterized by writing on the basis of words, paying attention to allusions, parallel antithesis and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and other styles.
2. Features: The features of classical Chinese are: separation of language and writing, and concise writing. Compared with vernacular (including spoken and written language), the characteristics of classical Chinese are mainly manifested in grammar and vocabulary.
3. Structure: (1) Judgment sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence that judges the subject with a noun, pronoun or noun phrase as the predicate. Its common forms are as follows: 1). "Zhe, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
For example: ① "People from Chen She are also from Yangcheng." (Historical Records. Chen She Family)-Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng.
(2) "Cao Cao is known as a Chinese thief." ("Zi Zhi Tong Jian") ③ Yi, a good shooter in ancient times.
(Guanzi, the sixty-fourth solution to the situation) (4) "Four people, Lu Ling Xiao Jungui Junyu, Changle Wang Hui Shen's father, Yu Di An Guo Ping's father, An Shang Chun's father." (Wang Anshi's Travel to Baochan Mountain) (5) If you are stunned, Zhou Jingwang has no shot.
2) The adverb "Nai" means "Ze" means "Jun" means "Cheng" means "Wei". Such as: "This is the autumn when I serve.
"① I don't know what year it is today. (2) that is, those who are now in the tomb.
③ Liang's father is Xiang Yan, the general of Chu. (4) this is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
3). Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. Such as: "The collapse of the six countries is not bad for soldiers, but bad for war, which is bad for Qin.
"① Climb high and recruit, the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away. (2) the city is not high, the pool is not deep, the soldiers are not strong, and the rice is not too much.
(3) It's not about crossing the Tai Mountain to the North Sea. Passive Sentence In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of action, which is a passive sentence.
its common types are: 1). "See" "... See ... in" "in" passive. For example, "I often laugh at a generous family.
"(1) I am afraid that I will be bullied by the king. (2) Qin Cheng fear not to get, and see the deceit.
(3) Therefore, Zheng Xiu was deceived internally and Zhang Yi was deceived externally. (4) Li Zipan, seventeen years old, is good at ancient prose, and all the six arts are well-known in Xi Zhi. He is not limited to the time and learns from Yu Yu.
2). "Wei" and "Wei" are passive. Such as: "parents and clans are all slaughtered.
"(1) and the death of the country, laughing for the world. (2) for the country, there is no ambassador to be robbed by Ji Wei.
③ is derived from the group. (4) fear for fuck first.
Inverted sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide the inverted sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and subject-predicate inversion. 1) prepositional object's so-called prepositional object, which is usually used as an object, is placed in front of the predicate verb to show emphasis.
for example, the word "zhi" in "the letter of disapproval" is the prepositional object. Prepositional object is usually divided into four situations.
(1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are used as objects, and prepositional object. Such as: "What's the king doing here?" "Wes, who are we going home with?" (2) In the negative sentence, the pronoun is the object, prepositional object.
For example, "People in ancient times were full of bullying." (3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi".
For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I'm puzzled." "It is urgent to study diligently, and it is rare to see more.
"(4) prepositional object in the prepositional phrase. Such as: "Otherwise, why did you get here?" 2) Attributive Postposition Usually attributive should be placed in front of the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put attributive after the head word.
For example, "Earthworms have no advantage of their minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. They eat earth on the top and drink yellow water on the bottom, and they are also attentive." Among them, "benefit" and "strength" are all postposition attributes.
in classical Chinese, attributive postposition has the following situations. (1) Use "zhi" to postposition the attribute.
For example, "How many people are there in a big world?" (2) Use the postposition of "zhe". For example, "a horse can travel a thousand miles, and he will eat a stone at a time."
"3). Adverbial postposition in classical Chinese, prepositional structures as adverbials are often placed after sentences as complements. For example, "to be rich" is a prepositional phrase placed after a sentence as a complement.
4). The subject-predicate inversion is rare, and it is often used to express strong exclamation. Such as: "I am very sorry, you are not good.
""Come on, the wind. " "Beautiful, I young chinese.
"[Practice] Judge the sentence patterns in the following sentences. (1) protect the people and the king, mo can also.
② The king is no different from the people's love for him. (3) what is the virtue, then you can be king? (4) how do you know I can also? Elliptic sentences in classical Chinese generally contain ellipsis elements. Grasping the ellipsis elements is helpful to fully understand the meaning of the sentence.
The sentences omitted in classical Chinese usually include: 1) Omitting the subject. (1) Carry forward the previous province.
For example, "There are different snakes in the wild of Yongzhou, which are black and white." (2) Carry forward the province.
For example, "Pei Gong said to Zhang Liang,' (Gong) I went to the army, and Gong entered." "(3) Self-report province.
for example, "(giving) love is a stream, and when it enters the second or third mile, (giving) it is the home of the one who is particularly unique. "(4) Dialogue province.
For example, "(Mencius) said,' Music alone (yuè), music with others (yuè), music (lè), which is better?' (King) said,' If you don't be with others.' "2). Omit the predicate.
for example, "one drum is full of energy, and then (drum) will decline, and three (drum) will be exhausted. "3) Omit the object.
for example, "You can burn it and leave (it). "4). Omit the prepositional object.
For example, "After the public reading, the mink will be released and the household will be closed. "5) Omit the preposition" Yu ".
For example, "Today, Zhong Qing is placed (in) the water, although the wind and waves can't sound. "[Practice] Fill in the omitted elements in the following sentences.
(1) Ran's family is a connoisseur, so his surname is Ran Xi. (2) Therefore, Ximen Bao is a famous imperial edict.
(3) The second policy is even, and it is better to take negative Qin Qu. (4) all out of the mountain flat, cover out also.
fixed structure 1) The common fixed structures that express doubts are: helpless, how, how, how, what, what, if, what, such as (nai), what, which, whether or not, and which. For example: ① Take my treasure instead of our city. What can we do? ("Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru") 2 My son takes his elk to relax our city. What? ("The Battle of") 3 How about being different from each other? ("Zuo Zhuan Qi Huangong's Cutting Chu") (4) What about pot calling the kettle black? （。 5. What does classical Chinese mean?
Classical Chinese is a written language in ancient China, which mainly includes written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, articles used for writing were not invented, but bamboo slips and silk were used for writing, while silk was expensive, bamboo slips were cumbersome and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to write down more things on a "roll" of bamboo slips, It is necessary to delete unimportant words. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" between the ruling class had been stereotyped, and the use of "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Classical Chinese came from the vernacular, which was characterized by writing on the basis of words, paying attention to allusions, antithesis, neat rhythm and no punctuation, and containing strategies