1. Ancient coins are cast, and the mold is shaped like a big tree. This method of minting coins is called "Qian Shu". A large number of coins is of low value. Because the mold is carved by hand, it is inevitable that there will be omissions, and the missed inspection of the version and the trial coinage will become treasures.
second, according to the rarity of various coins and the current market situation of coin collection, contemporary numismatics divide ancient coins into ten grades, namely, the first grade is rare, the second grade is rare, the third grade is rare, the fourth grade is rare, the fifth grade is rare, the sixth grade is rare, the seventh grade is few, the eighth grade is few, the ninth grade is more, and the tenth grade is more extensive.
third, the appearance of coins can be summarized into five evaluation criteria: beauty, near beauty, beauty, beauty, beauty and beauty. 1 beauty means that the front and back outlines of money are complete and Qian Wen is clear; 2 Close to the United States refers to the fact that the front and back outlines of the money have slight deviation or tiny cracks, or the paper has tiny leakage holes, and at the same time, the tiny adhesion or chaos caused by the wear and tear of Qian Wen due to casting and use are also close to the United States; 3, it means that there are defects and leaks on the front and back of Qian Zheng that can be seen by the naked eye, but it doesn't hurt Qian Wen; 4 Near the top, it means that the defects, cracks and holes on the front and back of coins are obvious, which has led to one or two broken pens in Qian Wen. There is no great collection value in 5.
Fourth, there are many kinds of coins
1. Shell coins, also called tooth shells, are made by grinding and punching salt water shells in tropical seawater. Generally, it is milky white, and the size is basically the same. Beibi began in the Yin Dynasty, when Beibi was a valuable commodity, and its use played an important role in China's currency history after Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. There are roughly six types of coin shells: currency, jujube shell, mink shell, Arvind shell, large and small hole shell and back grinding shell.
2. Qin Banliang was also called Liang Qian, which was minted by Qin Shihuang and was the only currency in the country at that time. Qin half two outer circles inside, Qian Wen high, simple and vigorous.
3. Yiqian, also known as Yijin, Yifa and Huanqian, was a copper round currency that appeared in the middle of the Warring States Period. This coin is simple to manufacture and easy to carry, which is superior to cloth coin, and circular currency will eventually replace cloth coin. There are two kinds of round holes and square holes in the middle of the coin, and those with round holes have no Guo; Those with round square holes have Guo around them. Its weight is about 12 grams.
4. Liuquan belongs to the best of Wang Mang's currency in the Western Han Dynasty and is valued by collectors. The six springs are: Koizumi Naichi, Yaoquan 1, Youquan 2, Zhongquan 3, Zhuangquan 4 and Daquan 5.
Today, Zhuang Spring and Zhong Spring are rare in the world, and the complete set is priceless.
5. Five baht can be divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, among which the Eastern Han Dynasty is more famous. This money was first cast in the fifth year of the inaugural ceremony of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It has a square round hole, a narrow outline, a diameter of 2.5 cm and a weight of 3.4-3.5 grams. Five baht is lighter and more exquisite than Qin Banliang. But in circulation for a long time, the number is extremely large, so it is worthless.
6. Cloth coins were popular during the Warring States Period, and the above text was complicated, ranging from one word to four words, with more than 1 kinds. In the early days, cloth coins were used for mounting handles, that is, empty head, heavy cloth, round foot, flat foot cloth, pointed foot cloth, three-hole cloth and other currencies, but there was no similarity in face text, so there was no difference in edition. Among them, the shape of three holes is very unique, with round head, round shoulders and round feet, and there is a hole in the head and feet of the cloth, so it is called three-hole cloth. Moreover, there are many words on the surface to remember the place names of Zhao. Later, cloth coins were extended to Qin, Zhou, Jin, Song, Shandong, Yan and other countries.
7. Jin Cuodao is also called "wrong knife". The antique knife coins with high face value were cast by Wang Mang in Jushe for two years. The figure is like a knife, and it is made of bronze. The blade is cast with three characters of "Ping 5,", and the ring Guo is inlaid with yellow gold with two characters of "One knife", indicating that a Jin Cuodao can be used as 5, yuan.
8, making money, copper coins made in Ming and Qing dynasties. Because its form, text, weight and color are all customized, it is called making money.
9. Yuanbao, the earliest use of the word "Yuanbao" was in the first year of Ganyuan, the middle Sect of Tang Su. In the Yuan Dynasty, ingots began to circulate in the form of silver ingots, usually with the name of the silversmith casting the time and place.
1. Knife coins evolved from fishing and hunting tools in the Spring and Autumn Period. It usually consists of three parts: a long and narrow arc-shaped blade, a grooved handle and a ring at the handle end. It can be divided into needle head knife, pointed head knife, truncated head knife, round head knife and flat head knife. Qi is the main country that uses knife coins. The knife coins in Qi are thick and exquisite, and the calligraphy is beautiful. Yan Dao coins are thin in shape, wide in body, complicated in back, and have a word "Ming" on the surface, so they are called Ming Dao; Zhao's Dao coins have a straight body and a round head. Today, they are mostly called straight Dao and round head Dao, and there are many fakes.
11. Kaiyuan Tongbao, the money awarded by Tang Gaozu Li Yuan after the abolition of five baht, weighed one or two, and the one-twenty money system in China' s monetary system originated from this time. Its facial official script "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is written by Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty, and the font is correct and powerful. The production outline is deep and steep, exquisite and unique, which is very precious. The appearance of Kaiyuan money declared the end of the two currencies, Banliang and Wuzhu, which had been circulating for more than 8 years since Qin Dynasty, and the word "Tongbao" was used by successive dynasties.
12. Duiqian, also known as "Duiqian" and "Duiqian", means that the Qian Wen, size, internal and external contours, thickness and copper of the same kind of money are exactly the same, but different scripts are used, but the font strokes are still consistent with each other, which can become a double-paired coin, also known as "Hehe Money". Duiqian began in the Southern Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" cast by the Southern Tang Dynasty was paired with seal and official, creating the first place for money. In addition, the Northern Song Tiansheng, Ming Dow, Yuanfeng, Xining, Zhenghe, Zhonghe, Xuanhe and other coins can all be used correctly.
13. There are three coins, namely copper, silver and gold, which were cast by Liu Guangshi in the early Southern Song Dynasty to recruit, surrender and rebel. Qian Wen read it in a spin, with the word "Shi" and a note on the back. Because it is not a currency in circulation, it has been handed down rarely. It is one of the precious coins in the world.
5. The older a collection is, the higher its value may not be. For example, the price of ordinary goods is only 2 to 5 yuan today, while the price of coins in the Ming Dynasty is generally higher than that in the Han Dynasty, such as Hongzhi Tongbao and Xuande Tongbao in the Ming Dynasty, all of which are priced above 1 yuan. Another example is "Jingkang Tongbao", a great treasure in the Song Dynasty, which costs several hundred to several thousand yuan each. However, the price of the "Western King's Rewards" made by Zhang Xianzhong after the occupation of Chengdu in the late Ming Dynasty has reached 25, yuan today. Don't try to collect all the coins made by a dynasty. For example, although the price of five baht in the Han Dynasty is low, there are as many as 272 kinds of plates cast in the Han Dynasty for more than 3 years, most of which have been lost, and no amount of money can buy them all. It was only 97 years before and after the Yuan Dynasty, but there were 128 different kinds of coins made, four of which had no physical remains.
6. Precious coins are
1. Ten pieces of cloth, which are the general name of ten kinds of cloth coins cast by Wang Mang. It is characterized by strictly following the shape from small to large in order to conform to its face. Namely: small cloth 1, woven cloth 2, young cloth 3, sequence cloth 4, poor cloth 5, middle cloth 6, strong cloth 7, first cloth 8, second cloth 9, big cloth Huang Qian. Nowadays, Huang Qian, one of the ten cloths, is more common, while the other nine cloths are treasures.
2. Love gold, love is the weight scale of gold coins in Chu State during the Warring States Period. This coin is mostly cast into square, cake or rectangular plates, each plate weighs .5 kg, and the gold content is mostly above 96, and some of them reach 99. It is also called "Yinzijin" because it is mostly cast into small square stamps with words such as "Love", "Love", "Love" and "Shouchun". Love gold circulated in Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces until the Western Han Dynasty.
3. Qingkang Tongbao, an annual coin cast during Jingkang period in Zhao Huan, northern Song Qinzong, was 3.3 cm in diameter and 6.7 grams in weight. This money was the last set of coins in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it just happened that the nomads were heading south, so it was rarely circulated.
4. Zhen You Tong Bao, which was cast by Jin Xuanzong during Zhen You's reign, is an official script with a diameter of 3 cm. There are two kinds of it: Xiaoping and Fold, which are both rare. The big treasure was originally collected by Fang Yaoyu, and later transferred to Chen Rentao. On the eve of liberation, Chen took the treasure to Hong Kong and intended to sell it to the motherland because of financial difficulties. Now it is in the Chinese History Museum. Only one orphan product, Xiaozhenyou Tongbao, was found, which is now collected by Japanese collector Hirashima Chunshui.
5. Xianfeng Tongbao, three years after Qing Xianfeng, Fujian Baofu Bureau tried to cast money in ten types. Bronze has a diameter of 3.9 cm, a perforation of .7 cm and a weight of 16 grams. Because it has the name of "Daqing" on both sides of the word "salty", it is really rare among the round coins of Confucius in past dynasties in China. Ma Dingxiang bought one in Suzhou in 194, and now it is in Shanghai Museum.